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Introduction: In the relentless global battle against the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accurate prediction of disease severity remains a critical challenge, with profound implications for patient outcomes and healthcare resource allocation. As the virus continues to evolve and pose new threats, the need for reliable prognostic indicators becomes increasingly urgent. Effective identification of patients at high-risk of developing severe illness not only facilitates timely intervention and personalised treatment strategies but also optimises healthcare resource utilisation. In this context, the exploration of novel biomarkers and predictive models holds immense promise for enhancing ones understanding of disease progression and improving clinical decision-making. Aim: To study the association between haematological parameters, including Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR), and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), with Computed Tomography Scan Severity Score (CTSS) in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from March 2021 to July 2022 at Government General Hospital (GGH) Nizamabad, Telangana, India. The study encompassed all three COVID-19 waves, included a sample size of 159 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) positive patients, excluding pregnant women and children under 10 years. Upon admission, CTSS and ratios of NLR, LMR, and PLR were recorded in an MS Excel sheet before any medical intervention and then analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software 22.0. Results: The study comprised 159 patients with a mean age of 50.86±13.89 years (ranging from 16 to 85), predominantly male 90 (56.61%). The highest infection rate 85 (53.45%) was in the 41-60 years age group. The NLR was significantly elevated from a mean value of 4.58 to 11.24 (r value=0.78, p-value=

Objective: This study presents a method to estimate midplane dose (Diso, transit) in vivo from transit signal (St) measured with thimble ionization chamber in cancer of the middle-third esophagus patients treated with three-dimensional radiotherapy (RT). This detector is positioned at the level of electronic portal imaging device in the gantry of a medical linear accelerator.Materials and Methods: Efficacy of inhomogeneity corrections of three dose calculation algorithms available in XiO treatment planning system (TPS) for planned dose (for open fields) (Diso, TPS) was studied with three heterogeneous phantoms. Diso, transit represents measured signal at transit point (St) far away correlating to dose at isocenter. A locally fabricated thorax phantom was used to measure the in vivo midplane dose (Diso, mid) which was also estimated through St. Thirteen patients with carcinoma of the middle-third esophagus treated with three-dimensional conformal RT were studied. St was recorded (three times, with a gap of 5-6 fractions during the treatment) to estimate Diso, transit, which was compared with the doses calculated by TPS.Results: The dose predictions by superposition algorithm were superior compared to the other algorithms. Percentage deviation of Diso, transit, Diso, mid with Diso, TPS combined all fields was 2.7 and -2.6%, respectively, with the thorax phantom. The mean percentage deviation with standard deviation of estimated Diso, transit with Diso, TPS observed in patients was within standard deviation -0.73% ±2.09% (n = 39).Conclusions: Midplane dose estimates in vivo using this method provide accurate determination of delivered dose in the middle-third esophagus RT treatments. This method could be useful in similar clinical circumstances for dose confirmation and documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a rare case of second primary lung cancer presenting metachronoulsy in a patient with laryngeal cancer. Though regional recurrence and second primary neoplasm of the upper aerodigestive tract are common following laryngeal cancers, second primary cancers of the lung are uncommon. Adding to the rarity of the case was the presence of concurrent active pulmonary tuberculosis with second primary neoplasm of the lung.