The USA and China are two of the world's most powerful economies, which are currently engaged in an open struggle for world leadership in the economic and political spheres. At the same time, trade and economic cooperation between the countries is impressive in terms of volume, and, as it was believed until recently, contributed to the economic development of the countries and was mutually beneficial. The paper aims to assess the scope and directions of such interaction, which at the same time forms the basis of the competitive confrontation of economies. The role of the United States in the economic, social and technological development of Republic of China and China's influence on the economic growth of the United States through the prism of the foreign activities of American companies are studied. The volumes and main directions of bilateral trade and direct foreign investment are analyzed. The role of technological exchange and technological development as the basis of economic interaction and later competition between China and the USA is revealed. The political role of the USA in the integration of the People's Republic of China into the system of world economic institutions, in particular the GATT/WTO, is studied. Particular attention is paid to the prerequisites, scope and features of the measures through which the trade confrontation between the USA and China is implemented and their consequences. At the same time, the authors draw attention to the control of the export of technological products from the USA as a measure to restrain China's technological development and the countermeasures of the Chinese government. The article uses methods of general scientific analysis, such as analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, and specific economic methods and techniques of statistical analysis. The information base of the research consists of theoretical materials, such as scientific studies of domestic and foreign (in particular, American and Chinese) scientists, statistical data, information from diplomatic institutions, data from analytical reports and observations of international organizations and research groups. The practical value of the research lies in the fact that understanding the essence and scope of interaction and competition between the USA and China is important in the formation of strategic priorities and tactical measures in Ukraine's trade and economic relations with these countries.