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BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent among individuals struggling with infertility. Thus, numerous psychological interventions have been adapted to infertility, with the aim of relieving distress as well as increasing pregnancy rates. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of psychological interventions on infertility-related distress and pregnancy rates among individuals and/or couples with infertility and to analyse their overall effect. It also sought to examine potential treatment moderators, including intervention length, format and therapeutic approach. SEARCH METHODS An electronic search of 11 databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, was performed for studies published until January 2022. The inclusion criteria were RCTs conducted on humans and published in English. Psychological outcomes of interest included anxiety, depression, infertility-related distress, wellbeing and marital satisfaction. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess study quality, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation was used to assess the overall quality of the research evidence. OUTCOMES There were 58 RCTs in total, including 54 which included psychological outcomes and 21 which assessed pregnancy rates. Studies originated from all regions of the world, but nearly half of the studies were from the Middle East. Although a beneficial effect on combined psychological outcomes was found (Hedge’s g = 0.82, P < 0.0001), it was moderated by region (P 0.05) moderated the effect of treatment. A beneficial treatment effect on pregnancy (RR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.07–1.47), P = 0.005) was not moderated by region, treatment length, approach or format (P > 0.05). Largely due to the lack of high quality RCTs, the quality of the available evidence was rated as low to moderate. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This is the first meta-analysis of RCTs testing the effect of psychological interventions on infertility-related distress and pregnancy rates. These findings suggest that in most regions of the world, psychological interventions are associated with small reductions in distress and modest effects on conception, suggesting the need for more effective interventions. These findings must be considered in light of the fact that the majority of the included RCTs were deemed to be at high risk of bias. Rigorously conducted trials are needed.

To describe the literature on clinician-scientist training programs to inform the development of contemporary and inclusive training models.The authors conducted a scoping review, searching the PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase databases from database inception until May 25, 2020. Studies presenting primary research that described and evaluated clinician-scientist training programs were identified for data abstraction. On the basis of deductive and inductive methods, information about program characteristics, curricula, teaching strategies, and success metrics was extracted. The extracted variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics.From the initial 7,544 citations retrieved and 4,974 unique abstracts screened, 81 studies were included. Of the 81 included studies, 65 (80.2%) were published between 2011 and 2020, 54 (66.7%) were conducted in the United States, and 64 (79.0%) described programs that provided broad clinician-scientist training. Few programs provided funding or protected research time or specifically addressed needs of trainees from underrepresented minority groups. Curricula emphasized research methods and knowledge dissemination, whereas patient-oriented research competencies were not described. Most programs incorporated aspects of mentorship and used multiple teaching strategies, such as direct and interactive instruction. Extrinsic metrics of success (e.g., research output) were dominant in reported program outcomes compared with markers of intrinsic success (e.g., career fulfillment).Although programs are providing clinician-scientists with practical skills training, opportunities exist for curricular and pedagogic optimization that may better support this complex career path. Training programs for clinician-scientists can address contemporary issues of wellness and equity by reconsidering metrics of program success and evolving the core tenets of their education models to include equity, diversity, and inclusion principles and patient-oriented research competencies.

Public safety personnel (PSP) are at increased risk of developing operational stress injuries. Peer-led reintegration programs (RPs) for PSP, evidence-based research is lacking. This study explored the experiences of PSP participating in a Reintegration Program Facilitator Training (RPFT) program. Participant ( n = 57) responses were collected from surveys, satisfaction and knowledge questionnaires, and a World Cafe. Four themes emerged: (1) traits of an ideal RF; (2) holistic/complementary workplace reintegration approach; (3) necessary features of the reintegration program; and (4) culture-specific considerations. While RPs hold promise, it is essential that evidence-based research be used to guide RPFT and RP spread and sustainability.

BACKGROUND Public safety personnel (PSP) impacted by operational stress injuries can find themselves needing both time off work and support reintegrating back into the workforce. Work reintegration programs have been introduced in PSP organizations to support those who aim to return to work. One such peer-led workplace reintegration program (RP) was created in 2009 by members of the Edmonton Police Service (EPS). The primary goal of the EPSRP is to assist PSP in returning to work as soon as possible following a critical incident, illness, or injury while diminishing the potential for long-term psychological injury. The EPSRP is delivered by peers through 3 interrelated components: (1) the Reintegration Program Facilitator Training (RPFT) Program; (2) a short-term Critical Incident RP; and (3) a long-term RP. There is a dire need for research that incorporates strong study designs to the determine long-term effectiveness of the program on increasing workplace reintegration, improving mental health knowledge, and creating culture change within PSP organizations. Simultaneously, the efficacy, effectiveness, and fidelity of the RPFT in providing the tools, mental health knowledge, and skills the RP peer facilitators will need for the RP must be evaluated. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this quasi-experimental pre-post pilot cohort study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the EPSRPFT course on influencing mental health knowledge and attitudes of RPFT attendees who will be future RP peer facilitators. METHODS This pre-post cohort study collected data via 2 questionnaires from RPFT participants (N=60) which included the Mental Health Knowledge Survey (MAKS) and the Open Minds Survey of Workplace Attitudes (OMSWA). Descriptive, parametric (sample t tests), and nonparametric (Wilcoxon signed rank tests) statistics were used to compare the pre- and post-RPFT results and to analyze results by gender and profession. RESULTS Statistically significant changes were observed in pre-post questionnaire scores in the domains of mental health attitudes and knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Although results are explorative, the RPFT may facilitate positive changes in workplace mental health attitudes and knowledge among PSP. It is hoped these findings will contribute to a broader evidence base that can inform changes to the program, practices, and policies, and inform decision-making regarding the EPSRP.

The commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) of children is a consequential public health and criminal justice problem, but no CSE prevention programs have been evaluated. The Boston-based My Life My Choice (MLMC) program offers a multisession psychoeducation group to girls who are identified as “at-disproportionate-risk” for CSE victimization and trains other agencies throughout the U.S. to offer this curriculum. The curriculum was designed to improve knowledge about the commercial sex industry and shift-related attitudes and behaviors. The current project was a multi-year, multi-site evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the MLMC prevention group. Using a one-group longitudinal design, changes in participant behavior and CSE knowledge were measured at baseline ( n = 354), upon group completion ( n = 296), and 3 months after group completion ( n = 241). The sample was 95% female-identified, 28% Black/African American, 26% White/non-Hispanic, 25% Hispanic/Latina, and 22% other race. The mean age of participants was 15.6 years old. Approximately 28% identified as bisexual, and 10% identified as lesbian, asexual, pansexual, or other. In multivariable-adjusted models, participants reported fewer episodes of sexually explicit behavior at follow up as compared to baseline (relative risk [RR]: 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37-0.72 at Follow-up 1, and 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35-0.82 at Follow-up 2). Participants were 24% less likely to report dating abuse at Follow-up 2 as compared to baseline ( p = .06). In addition, as compared to baseline, participants were 40% more likely to have given help or information about CSE to a friend at Follow-up 2, and participants demonstrated increased knowledge and awareness about CSE and its harms over the follow-up period. Although additional evaluation using a comparison group and long-term follow up would increase confidence that observed changes are attributable to the group instead of other factors, results suggest that the MLMC curriculum may be effective in reducing the risk of CSE and improving other conditions for youth who are at-disproportionate-risk of CSE.

Despite new mandates to identify and respond to labor trafficking crimes, US law enforcement struggles to integrate labor trafficking enforcement with traditional policing routines and roles. As a result, human trafficking enforcement has primarily focused on sex trafficking and few labor trafficking cases have been identified and prosecuted. This study utilizes data from 86 qualitative interviews with municipal, state, county and federal law enforcement, victim service providers and labor trafficking victims in four US communities to inform our understanding of police responses to labor trafficking in local communities. Through the coding of these interviews across a series of themes, we identify three major challenges that impact police identification and response to labor trafficking crimes. These include lack of clarity about the definition of labor trafficking, lack of institutional readiness to address labor trafficking, and routines of police work that undermine police responsiveness to labor trafficking in local communities. Considering these challenges, we explore strategies law enforcement can take to improve identification, including developing non-traditional partnerships with labor inspection and local regulatory agencies. Additionally, interview data suggest a role for the police in ensuring labor trafficking victims are safe and their needs are met, regardless of the outcomes of the criminal justice process. This is the first study to examine police responses to labor trafficking from the perspective of police, service providers and victims.

This article presents seven challenges of collecting primary (i.e., firsthand) data from commercially sexually exploited children (CSEC). We drew on our research team's experience collecting longitudinal data from 28 CSEC survivors with a 12-month follow-up period. We used both face-to-face and electronic group brainstorming methods to nominate a list of research-related challenges. The two main themes that were identified were challenges that can limit data quality and concerns about the impact of research on participants, researchers, and others. The three challenges related to data quality are (1) the age of the research participants; (2) questions about obtaining informed consent from parents or guardians; and (3) the over-interrogation of CSEC youth. The four challenges related to concerns about the impact of research were (4) concerns that research participation may further exploit youth; (5) staying in the role of researcher and refraining from providing advocacy; (6) secondary trauma and burnout experienced by research staff; and (7) the additional burden that research and data collection may place on the advocates and direct service providers. Because the process of collecting data from CSEC youth can be complicated, and rife with ethical and practical challenges, we have relayed our experiences with seven specific research-related challenges in order to stimulate discourse and further progress in the field.

Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) of children is a significant public health and criminal justice problem, but there are few evaluated models of CSE mentorship service.To assess whether youth who participated in a CSE survivor-mentor program evidenced changes in CSE victimization, dating abuse victimization, health, delinquency, social support, and coping during the year following their enrollment in the program.41 youth who were CSE-experienced at baseline (72%) or determined very high risk, 11-18 years old, 95% female, 58% heterosexual, 29% White, 29% Hispanic, and 42% other races/ethnicities.An urban city in the Northeast United States.We used a one-group repeated measures design and a GEE analysis. Data were collected at baseline, six months after baseline (71% follow-up) and 12 months after baseline (68% follow-up).At baseline 72% could be characterized as CSE-experienced, while at 6 months the percentage decreased to 24% (p 0.001) and at 12 months to 14% (p 0.001). After 6 months of receiving survivor-mentor services, youth were less likely to have experienced CSE, engaged in sexually explicit behavior (SEB), used illicit drugs, engaged in delinquent behavior, been arrested or detained by police, and they had better social support and coping skills. After 12 months, youth were less likely to have experienced CSE, to have engaged in delinquent behavior, be arrested or detained by police, and had improved coping skills.Findings demonstrate that youth who received survivor-mentor services from MLMC experienced improved well-being and less drug use, delinquent behavior, and exploitation.

We evaluated the impact of a regulatory support service (known as the Regulatory Knowledge and Support [RKS] program), part of the Medical University of South Carolina’s Clinical and Translational Science Award, on the success of Institutional Review Board (IRB) applications that have previously been deemed by the IRB to be Not Ready for Review (NRR). At the time of this evaluation, 77 studies had been deemed NRR, 53 of which came from trainees and junior faculty. All the applications that received regulatory support either received IRB approval or were deemed to not be research, and therefore did not require IRB review. In all, 39.1% (n = 18) of the research teams who did not accept regulatory support successfully received IRB approval. Providing regulatory support, particularly to trainees and junior faculty, may be associated with better success in obtaining IRB approval as well as preventing the unnecessary submission of projects that are not research and would therefore not require IRB review or approval.

Although the US federal government and all 50 states have passed legislation that defines human trafficking as a crime and specifies stiff penalties for such offenses, little is known about how police perceptions of human trafficking influence investigation and response strategies. Previous research confirms that human trafficking definitions are ambiguous and police commonly lack the training and experience necessary to identify the crime. Using schema theory as a guide to our inquiry, we explore how existing crime schema influence police perceptions of and responses to human trafficking. In addition, we examine how new human trafficking laws change police perception of previously existing crimes, particularly prostitution. Data from in-depth interviews from a targeted sample of 90 law enforcement officials in 12 US counties inform how the police frame the problem of human trafficking and how those frames guide their actions.

Introduction Firm geographical boundaries between yourself and competitors can often be beneficial but when you live on an Island it can make things difficult when in need of resources such as volunteers. Aims of the project Expand the volunteer role to encompass the workforce available at HMP and to provide meaningful tasks that engage prisoners with the local community in a positive manner. Approach used Lots of meetings with HMP to work through as many options as possible to engage the workforce with a range of projects: recycling of newspapers into bags, upcycling furniture, and production of concrete garden ornaments and hanging/sizing/steaming of clothing. Working together through the processes and procedures required when dealing with a high security environment. Promotion of the project was important and branding and signage has been developed to inform and engage customers. Results Fortnightly deliveries/collections to HMP allow sufficient time for processing items in the various workshops and different projects. Financially we both benefit with different remuneration for different items. Community engagement is positive with customers timing their visits to our shops to coincide with deliveries of the latest stock. The prisoners look forward to receiving before and after photos of the upcycled items and are making a display in the workshop to encourage participation from others and increasing the drive to learn more skills and take on increasingly difficult items. Conclusion The best solutions are often simple, yet unexpected - Julian Casablancas Although it took time to sort out the processes required it is now routine and as easy as outsourcing to any supplier. The initial reluctance of some to involve with HMP was quickly overcome and very positively received by our community. I would encourage everyone to look locally for solutions; in a world that has become smaller through the internet we often lose sight of the skills and opportunities right under our noses.