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El estudio tuvo como objetivo la determinación de la relación entre el desarrollo psicomotor con el aprendizaje a la iniciación de la lectoescritura en una institución educativa de Lima. El estudio es de tipo básico y nivel descriptivo correlacional. El diseño no experimental de corte transversal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 120 estudiantes de 5 años, la muestra fue de 90 estudiantes. Se utilizó como instrumento el test TEPSI y el test BENHALE; el test correspondiente a la variable desarrollo psicomotor, comprende 52 ítems los cuales estuvieron divididos en tres según sus dimensiones motricidad, lenguaje y coordinación con 12 ,24 y 16 ítems respectivamente. Respecto a la variable aprendizaje a la lectoescritura el test BENHALE estuvo conformado por 80 ítems. Según los resultados obtenidos se tuvo que existe una relación significativa entre el nivel de desarrollo psicomotor y el aprendizaje a la iniciación de la lectoescritura en niños de cinco años de una institución educativa de Lima.

El artículo tuvo como objetivo general comprobar los resultados alcanzados en la ejecución del plan local de seguridad ciudadana, en un municipio limeño, 2017-2018. El tipo de investigación fue participativa, enfoque cualitativo y un diseño de estudio de casos. Se recogieron las entrevistas de un comisario policial de distrito, de un experto en temas de asuntos policiales, de un empresario víctima de hechos delictivos y de un ex miembro dirigencial del Comité de Seguridad ciudadana del Distrito. Los principales hallazgos encontrados fueron: falta de compromiso y responsabilidad de los representantes del Comité Local de Seguridad Ciudadana, alto índice de inseguridad en la zona, robos y asaltos que afectan los negocios, falta de efectivos policiales y serenos, alta rotación de comisarios, demora en la capacidad de respuesta de la policía ante la denuncia de un hecho delictivo e inmigración descontrolada. Las principales conclusiones fueron: nivel de eficacia de los planes de seguridad ciudadana solo alcanzaron un nivel valorativo medio de (58.34%), inadecuado sistema de control del plan local de seguridad ciudadana e incumplimiento de las categorías apriorísticas contrastadas.

A mathematical model is proposed to study the dynamics of the spread of HIV/AIDS with treatment considering media coverage. The subpopulations involved in the study are; susceptible individuals, slow-latency infected individuals, fast-latency infected individuals, symptomatic individuals undergoing treatment, and finally individuals with AIDS. We consider a system of ordinary differential equations that let us to understand the dynamics of the spread of HIV/AIDS, taking into account two non-linear incidence rates that show the influence of media coverage as a disease control. We establish conditions for the stability of this model. The result enables us to evaluate the media coverage impact on the dynamics of the disease. Finally, we show a numerical simulation analysis of the model and a sensitivity analysis corresponding to the parameters. Se propone un modelo matemático que estudia la dinámica de la propagación del VIH/SIDA con tratamiento considerando la cobertura mediática. Las subpoblaciones involucradas en el estudio son; los individuos susceptibles, infectados con latencia lenta, infectados con latencia rápida, individuos sintomáticos en tratamiento y por último individuos con SIDA. Consideramos un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias que nos permiten comprender la dinámica de la propagación del VIH/SIDA, teniendo en cuenta dos tasas de incidencias no lineales que muestran la influencia de la cobertura mediática como un control de la enfermedad. Establecemos condiciones para la estabilidad de este modelo. Este resultado nos permite evaluar el impacto de la cobertura mediática sobre la dinámica de la enfermedad. Finalmente, se muestra un análisis de simulación numérica del modelo y otro de sensibilidad correspondiente a los parámetros.

Ubinas volcano, the historically most active volcano in Peru straddles a low-relief high plateau and the flank of a steep valley. A multidisciplinary geophysical study has been performed to investigate the internal structure and the fluids flow within the edifice. We conducted 10 self-potential (SP) radial (from summit to base) profiles, 15 audio magnetotelluric (AMT) soundings on the west flank and a detailed survey of SP and soil temperature measurements on the summit caldera floor. The typical “V” shape of the SP radial profiles has been interpreted as the result of a hydrothermal zone superimposed on a hydrogeological zone in the upper parts of the edifice, and depicts a sub-circular SP positive anomaly, about 6 km in diameter. The latter is centred on the summit, and is characterised by a larger extension on the western flank located on the low-relief high plateau. The AMT resistivity model shows the presence of a conductive body beneath the summit at a depth comparable to that of the bottom of the inner south crater in the present-day caldera, where intense hydrothermal manifestations occur. The lack of SP and temperature anomalies on the present caldera floor suggests a self-sealed hydrothermal system, where the inner south crater acts as a pressure release valve. Although no resistivity data exists on the eastern flank, we presume, based on the asymmetry of the basement topography, and the amplitude of SP anomalies on the east flank, which are approximately five fold that on the west flank, that gravitational flow of hydrothermal fluids may occur towards the deep valley of Ubinas. This hypothesis, supported by the presence of hot springs and faults on the eastern foot of the edifice, reinforces the idea that a large part of the southeast flank of the Ubinas volcano may be altered by hydrothermal activity and will tend to be less stable. One of the major findings that stems from this study is that the slope of the basement on which a volcano has grown plays a major role in the geometry of the hydrothermal systems. Another case of asymmetrical composite cone edifice, built on a steep topography, is observed on El Misti volcano (situated 70 km west of Ubinas), which exhibits a similar SP pattern. These types of edifices have a high potential of spreading and sliding along the slope owing to the thicker accumulation of low cohesion and hydrothermally altered volcanic products.

Ubinas volcano has had 23 degassing and ashfall episodes since A.D. 1550, making it the historically most active volcano in southern Peru. Based on fieldwork, on interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images, and on radiometric ages, the eruptive history of Ubinas is divided into two major periods. Ubinas I (Middle Pleistocene >376 ka) is characterized by lava flow activity that formed the lower part of the edifice. This edifice collapsed and resulted in a debris-avalanche deposit distributed as far as 12 km downstream the Rio Ubinas. Non-welded ignimbrites were erupted subsequently and ponded to a thickness of 150 m as far as 7 km south of the summit. These eruptions probably left a small collapse caldera on the summit of Ubinas I. A 100-m-thick sequence of ash-and-pumice flow deposits followed, filling paleo-valleys 6 km from the summit. Ubinas II, 376 ky to present comprises several stages. The summit cone was built by andesite and dacite flows between 376 and 142 ky. A series of domes grew on the southern flank and the largest one was dated at 250 ky; block-and-ash flow deposits from these domes filled the upper Rio Ubinas valley 10 km to the south. The summit caldera was formed between 25 and 9.7 ky. Ash-flow deposits and two Plinian deposits reflect explosive eruptions of more differentiated magmas. A debris-avalanche deposit (about 1.2 km3) formed hummocks at the base of the 1,000-m-high, fractured and unstable south flank before 3.6 ka. Countless explosive events took place inside the summit caldera during the last 9.7 ky. The last Plinian eruption, dated A.D.1000–1160, produced an andesitic pumice-fall deposit, which achieved a thickness of 25 cm 40 km SE of the summit. Minor eruptions since then show phreatomagmatic characteristics and a wide range in composition (mafic to rhyolitic): the events reported since A.D. 1550 include many degassing episodes, four moderate (VEI 2–3) eruptions, and one VEI 3 eruption in A.D. 1667. Ubinas erupted high-K, calc-alkaline magmas (SiO2=56 to 71%). Magmatic processes include fractional crystallization and mixing of deeply derived mafic andesites in a shallow magma chamber. Parent magmas have been relatively homogeneous through time but reflect variable conditions of deep-crustal assimilation, as shown in the large variations in Sr/Y and LREE/HREE. Depleted HREE and Y values in some lavas, mostly late mafic rocks, suggest contamination of magmas near the base of the >60-km-thick continental crust. The most recently erupted products (mostly scoria) show a wide range in composition and a trend towards more mafic magmas. Recent eruptions indicate that Ubinas poses a severe threat to at least 5,000 people living in the valley of the Rio Ubinas, and within a 15-km radius of the summit. The threat includes thick tephra falls, phreatomagmatic ejecta, failure of the unstable south flank with subsequent debris avalanches, rain-triggered lahars, and pyroclastic flows. Should Plinian eruptions of the size of the Holocene events recur at Ubinas, tephra fall would affect about one million people living in the Arequipa area 60 km west of the summit.