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Deals with the use of Raman spectroscopy in studying local vibrational modes of lattice site silicon implanted in gallium arsenides. Information on the use of silicon ion implantation into semi-insulating gallium arsenide and subsequent thermal anneal for the fabrication of field-effect transistors and integrated circuits; Experiment; Results and discussion.

The possible relation between the number of periods in a GaAs/AlInAs superlattice (SL) and the accumulated strain in the GaAs layers of thin superlattices structure is measured with laser Raman spectroscopy. The defects are introduced when the period reaches a threshold value and stress is released.

The influence of the post-deposition cooling speed on the domain formation process of PbTiO3films was investigated using MOCVD equipment combined within-situRaman spectroscopy. The accumulation and relaxation of strain during the post-deposition cooling process is responsible for the domain structure. The Curie temperature for fast cooling is lower than that for slow cooling. Additionally, the residual strain with fast cooling is smaller than that with slow cooling. These observations suggest that the volume fraction of thec-domain is larger for fast cooling and that the atmospheric conditions during the first post-deposition cooling process may control the domain structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth Ferrite (BFO) films doped with strontium resulting in a nominal composition of Bi1-xSrxFe1O3 (x = 0-0.15) were fabricated using a sol-gel process on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates by rapid thermal annealed in air at 700°C. A decrease in the grain size (from 1 μm to 90 nm) with increasing Sr concentration from 0 to 15% was observed, coupled with the degradation of columnar grain growth. X-ray diffraction and raman scattering showed evidence of a structural change from rhombohedral to pseudocubic with increasing Sr concentration. Leakage measurements revealed that films with Sr acceptor doping showed increased leakage compared to pure BFO, however the film leakage did not increase with increasing acceptor concentration due to microstructural modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Linked Data has gained some attention recently in the life sciences as an effective way to provide and share data. As a part of the Semantic Web, data are linked so that a person or machine can explore the web of data. Resource Description Framework (RDF) is the standard means of implementing Linked Data. In the process of generating RDF data, not only are data simply linked to one another, the links themselves are characterized by ontologies, thereby allowing the types of links to be distinguished. Although there is a high labor cost to define an ontology for data providers, the merit lies in the higher level of interoperability with data analysis and visualization software. This increase in interoperability facilitates the multi-faceted retrieval of data, and the appropriate data can be quickly extracted and visualized. Such retrieval is usually performed using the SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) query language, which is used to query RDF data stores. For the database provider, such interoperability will surely lead to an increase in the number of users., Results: This manuscript describes the experiences and discussions shared among participants of the week-long BioHackathon 2011 who went through the development of RDF representations of their own data and developed specific RDF and SPARQL use cases. Advice regarding considerations to take when developing RDF representations of their data are provided for bioinformaticians considering making data available and interoperable., Conclusions: Participants of the BioHackathon 2011 were able to produce RDF representations of their data and gain a better understanding of the requirements for producing such data in a period of just five days. We summarize the work accomplished with the hope that it will be useful for researchers involved in developing laboratory databases or data analysis, and those who are considering such technologies as RDF and Linked Data.

The application of semantic technologies to the integration of biological data and the interoperability of bioinformatics analysis and visualization tools has been the common theme of a series of annual BioHackathons hosted in Japan for the past five years. Here we provide a review of the activities and outcomes from the BioHackathons held in 2011 in Kyoto and 2012 in Toyama. In order to efficiently implement semantic technologies in the life sciences, participants formed various sub-groups and worked on the following topics: Resource Description Framework (RDF) models for specific domains, text mining of the literature, ontology development, essential metadata for biological databases, platforms to enable efficient Semantic Web technology development and interoperability, and the development of applications for Semantic Web data. In this review, we briefly introduce the themes covered by these sub-groups. The observations made, conclusions drawn, and software development projects that emerged from these activities are discussed.

The influence of Pb and La contents on the lattice configuration in La-substituted Pb(Zr0(.65),Ti0(.35))O3 (La- PZT) films was systematically investigated. La-PZT films with various La and Pb contents were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO(2)/Si substrates by chemical solution deposition (CSD). In the La- PZT films with a Pb content ratio of 125% relative to a stoichiometric value, La ions were substituted for not only A-site ions but also B-site ions at La contents greater than 3 mol%. La substitution for B-site seems to cause larger reduction of the unit cell size. In addition, we found that in the La-PZT films with a La content of 3 mol%, the Pb content of 116 mol% (120% relative to a stoichiometric value) was optimum from the viewpoint of site occupancy. This indicates that excess Pb prevented the A-site substitution of La ions.