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This article deals with evaluating the frequency response of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced magneto-electro-elastic (FG-CNTMEE) plates subjected to open and closed electro-magnetic circuit conditions. In this regard finite element formulation has been derived. The plate kinematics adjudged via higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is considered for evaluation. The equations of motion are obtained with the help of Hamilton's principle and solved using condensation technique. It is found that the convergence and accuracy of the present FE formulation is very good to address the vibration problem of FG-CNTMEE plate. For the first time, frequency response analysis of FG-CNTMEE plates considering the effect of various circuit conditions associated with parameters such as CNT distributions, volume fraction, skew angle, aspect ratio, length-to-thickness ratio and coupling fields has been carried out. The results of this article can serve as benchmark for future development and analysis of smart structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a finite element (FE) model to assess the free vibration and static response of a functionally graded skew magneto-electro-elastic (FGSMEE) plate. Through the thickness material grading of FGSMEE plate is achieved using power law distribution. The coupled constitutive equations along with the total potential energy approach are used to develop the FE model of FGSMEE plate. The transformation matrix is utilized in bringing out the element matrix corresponding to the global axis to a local axis along the skew edges to specify proper boundary conditions. The effect of skew angle on the natural frequency of an FGSMEE plate is analysed. Further, the study includes the evaluation of the static behavior of FGSMEE plate for various skew angles. The influence of skew angle on the primary quantities such as displacements, electric potential, and magnetic potential, and secondary quantities such as stresses, electric displacement and magnetic induction is studied in detail. In addition, the effect of power-law gradient, thickness ratio, boundary conditions and aspect ratio on the free vibration and static response characteristics of FGSMEE plate has been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the information technology era, the technical institutions have radically changed the information environment. Information and communication technology (ICT) has created a new opportunities to effectively store and transmit the digital video over networks. E-learning will be introduced as an integral part of an environment where teaching is transformed and where learning is an ongoing, creative process. Along with the basic concepts of e-learning technology and its applications to the technical education using software's and hardware requirements, the basic objective of science and engineering education in India is to devise and guide reforms that will transform India into a strong and vibrant knowledge economy. In this context, the focus areas for National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) project have been (i) higher education, (ii) professional education, (iii) distance education, and (iv) continuous and open learning. The E-Vidya solution is deployed on a local high capacity server of required specification where it can be installed in each college campus. Client computers access the streaming media content over the standard high speed campus LAN using a web browser and media player plug-in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of common neurodevelopmental disorder often comorbid with epilepsy. There are no existing guidelines on how to manage these two conditions when they are comorbid. To identify relationship between epilepsy and ADHD and to know role of antiepileptics and safety of stimulant like methylphenidate in such conditions from existing literature, we searched articles published in clinical journals available online between 1990-2010, with these key words in medline:children, epilepsy, seizure, comorbid, ADHD, treatment. Relevant abstracts were further selected for their focus on current topic. Cross references were extracted. Finally relevant articles that included original research articles, reviews and abstracts of non-english literature were used. Children with epilepsy may manifest with symptoms of ADHD. Children with ADHD may develop epilepsy. Some antiepileptics like phenobarbitone, gabapentin, topiramate may not be helpful in controlling behavioral symptoms of ADHD. Stimulants are the main stay of pharmacotherapy for ADHD but there is risk of decreasing seizure threshold in children with comorbid epilepsy especially when their epilepsy is not well controlled. Existing evidence is not in favor of screening children with ADHD for EEG abnormality before starting stimulant therapy.

Testing is one of the most significant phases of any engineering process, the last process followed by conceptualization, designing, and fabricating. If the testing outcomes are not genealogy sensible measurables, then eventually it calls for a redesign overhaul. Existing testing equipment to analyze the load and failures are conventional digital universal testing machines with minimum jigs and fixtures. In addition, the existing fixtures cannot be adapted to the anatomy of a human finger. Consequently, the present work explores the best possible design of a jig for testing the naturally articulated movement of a human finger (prosthetic wear-on). Furthermore, the present jig design checks a wide range of parameters such as freedom of motion, a path along with curvature, load, failures, and intermittent positions of applied load, which is adaptable to existing universal testing machines available for broader applications., (Copyright © 2024 International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics.)

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of mental health disorders among pregnant women. Poor mental health can negatively impact glycemic control in women with GDM, leading to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby., Aim: To determine the prevalence of common mental disorder (CMD) in women with GDM and its association with poor glycemic control. Additionally, to explore the reasons and coping strategies for CMD in women with GDM., Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted among 351 women with GDM visiting a tertiary care hospital. The prevalence of CMD was assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Glycemic control was determined based on two-hour postprandial blood glucose levels. In-depth interviews were conducted with six women who screened positive for CMD and had poor glycemic control. Data were analyzed using SPSS v23 and stats v12. Chi-square test and Poisson regression were performed, and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were reported., Results: The prevalence of CMD was found to be 19.08% (95% CI: 15.32%-23.52%), with 18.2% (95% CI: 14.5%-22.6%) anxiety symptoms 8.3% (95% CI: 5.8%-11.6%) depressive symptoms and stress each. CMD was significantly related to poor glycemic control (aPR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.23-2.03; P value <0.001). The qualitative analysis revealed individual, family, health, and facility factors influencing mental health and glycemic control., Conclusion: Common mental health disorders are prevalent in women with GDM. It has a negative association with glycemic control. Implementing a routine screening program in the ANC clinic can aid in early identification and prompt management of the CMD and its associated complications., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Psychiatry.)

Background: The main hope of a nation lies in the proper education of its adolescents because the youths of today are the leaders of tomorrow. About 15% of children of ages 13-15 years are ingesting tobacco in certain forms and are getting addicted to tobacco. Hence, tobacco has become a burden in our society. Similarly, environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) is more dangerous than smoking and is common among young adolescents., Aim: This study is aimed to explore the knowledge about the hazards of ETS and the factors which are responsible for adolescents to initiate tobacco smoking among parents visiting the pediatric dental clinic., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey on the knowledge about the harmful effects of ETS and factors influencing the initiation of tobacco use among adolescents was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. A sample size of 400 parents of adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years visiting the pediatric clinics was included in the study; data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis., Results: The effect of ETS in increasing the risk of cancer was known to be 64.4%. But the effect on premature babies was least known by 37% of the parent population, which is statistically significant. About 14% of parents perceive that children initiate smoking to experiment or relax, which is statistically significant., Conclusion: Parents have very little knowledge regarding the effects of ETS on children. They can be counseled regarding types of smoking and smokeless tobacco products, health hazards, the deleterious health effects of ETS, and passive smoking, particularly in children with respiratory diseases., How to Cite This Article: Thimmegowda U, Kattimani S, Krishnamurthy NH. Knowledge about the Harmful Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Perceptions toward Initiation of Smoking and Factors Influencing Smoking in Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):667-671., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).)

Low vitamin D levels have been implicated in postpartum depressive disorders (PPD). Our study aimed to demonstrate the association of Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) genetic variants rs7041 and rs4588 with susceptibility to PPD and to investigate their possible relationship with serum vitamin D and VDBP levels in Indian women with PPD. A cross-sectional study involved 330 cases and 330 controls. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale. Genotyping of SNPs was done by Taqman 5'allelic discrimination assay. Estimation of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] and VDBP levels were done by ELISA. Serum total, free and bioavailable 25(OH) D levels were significantly lower in cases compared to controls, with similar levels of VDBP between the two groups. The study results showed that the VDBP rs4588 variant genotype AA was significantly associated with lower circulating levels of total 25(OH) D in cases. Also, the VDBP rs7041 variant TT genotype demonstrated significantly lower levels of total, free and bioavailable 25(OH) D levels in controls. However, VDBP rs7041 and rs4588 variants were not associated with PPD susceptibility. Also, VDBP haplotypes showed no association with PPD susceptibility. Our results demonstrated that VDBP polymorphisms rs4588 and rs7041 and their haplotypes are not associated with PPD susceptibility in the South Indian population. However, vitamin D levels were found to be influenced by the risk genotypes of VDBP SNPs rs4588 and rs7041., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None of the authors have declared any potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Study aimed to identify association between loneliness, depression and perceived social support in adults living in the empty nest stage of family life cycle and to assess impact of digital technology use on the same., Methods: In this hospital based cross-sectional study, we recruited 281 adults aged 50 years and above. Assessment of loneliness and depression was done using University of California Los Angeles Loneliness scale and Patient Health Questionnaire. Social support was assessed using Multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Digital technology use was assessed based on their self -reported use of mobile, or computer., Results: Among the participants (age 50-75 years), women accounted for 57.7%. 71% of the adults were staying with the spouse, 85% of the participants reported lowincome status. Mean score (SD) of loneliness was 61.7(10.23). Only 17.8% were classified as having no to mild depression, while 52.7% reported low social support. Loneliness severity correlated significantly with depression severity (σ = 0.59, p = 0.000), and perceived social support (σ = -0.78, p = 0.000). Use of digital technology (72.9%) was associated with significantly lower loneliness score (U=4120.00, p = 0.000, lower depression score (U=5106.00, p = 0.000) and higher perceived social support (U=4366.00, p = 0.000)., Conclusion: Loneliness is present in adults in the empty nest stage of life cycle. Its severity positively correlated with depressive symptoms and negatively with perceived social support. Digital technology users seem to have lower loneliness, lower depression severity and higher social support compared to non-digital technology users., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Even though earlier studies have reported alteration in the markers of synaptic plasticity (Matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9] and Neurotrophin-3 [NT-3]), there are no reports about the effect of risperidone on the same. The present study was designed to assess the effect of risperidone on NT-3 and MMP-9 levels in patients with schizophrenia spectrum of disorder and to investigate whether these markers can be used to predict the treatment response in these patients. 62 schizophrenia spectrum of disorder patients were enrolled in the study and were treated with 4 mg of risperidone OD. Serum NT-3 and MMP-9 levels were compared at baseline and after 6 weeks following risperidone treatment. Severity of the disease was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). MMP-9 was significantly reduced and NT-3 was significantly increased in schizophrenia spectrum of disorder after treatment with risperidone. We also found a significant reduction in MMP-9 levels in the non-responders group. At a cut off of 1225 ng/mL, MMP-9 can predict response to treatment with 64% sensitivity and 62% specificity and at a cut off of 957 pg/mL, NT-3 predicted the response to treatment with 60% sensitivity and 62% specificity. We conclude that risperidone decreases the serum levels of MMP-9 and increases the NT-3 levels in schizophrenia spectrum of disorder. MMP-9 and NT-3 can predict the response to treatment with risperidone., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (© Association of Clinical Biochemists of India 2021.)

Aim: To study the sociodemographic and clinical profile of subjects receiving disability certificates (DCs) issued for psychiatric disorders across multiple centres in India., Materials and Methods: Eleven centres, including ten government and one non-governmental organization spread across the country, participated in the study. Data on the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of patients who were issued DC in the calendar year 2019 were collected on a proforma designed for the study., Results: Overall, 2018 patients were issued DC for various psychiatric disorders across 11 centres in 2019. The number of certificates issued across different centres varied from 34 to 622. In terms of diagnostic profile, intellectual disability accounted for most of the certificates issued. In terms of psychiatric diagnosis, schizophrenia was the most common psychiatric diagnosis, followed by bipolar disorder, for which a DC was issued. When the diagnosis was considered, centre wise, intellectual disability (6 centres), mental illness (MI; 4 centres), and autism and specific learning disability (1 centre) accounted for the most DCs issued. Schizophrenia (9 centres), bipolar affective disorder (1 centre), and dementia (1 centre) were the most common MI for which DC was issued. Across centres, more than two-thirds of DC were issued to males., Conclusion: There is a wide variation in the number and clinical profile of DC issued across centres., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Indian Journal of Psychiatry.)

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are a group of conditions that typically manifest early during the child's development with lifelong consequences. Early identification using efficient screening tools can positively modify the natural history of the disorder. ESSENCE Q is a simple questionnaire to detect ESSENCE (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations to reflect the co-existence of NDDs in children less than five years). There are limited studies on the validity of ESSENCE Q in detecting NDDs in young children in India., Methods: We did a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital to evaluate the validity of ESSENCE Q in detecting neurodevelopmental disorders. We translated the ESSENCE Q and subsequently used it to screen for NDD in 100 children aged 12-60 months. Clinical consensus diagnosis by two experienced experts was taken as the gold standard., Results: 23% were diagnosed as having NDD as per the clinical consensus diagnosis. Around half the children (46%) were "at-risk for NDD" based on the ESSENCE Q scale. We found an optimal cut-off for ESSENCE Q of more than or equal to 4 with a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 82%, and a Youden index of 0.77., Conclusion: ESSENCE Q has good predictive validity to be used as a quick and easy screening tool to detect NDDs in young children under the age of 5 years., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: There is a paucity of research on interventions targeting preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) for school readiness., Objectives: The objectives of this study are to develop and validate a school readiness module for making children with ASD ready for inclusive education and a scale to assess school readiness in them., Methods: Based on literature review, principles of learning, and techniques of behavioral intervention, a module was developed and reviewed by independent experts regarding the utility of the contents. A scale to assess school readiness was also developed to measure the impact of administering the module on children with ASD which was also validated by the same set of experts. Lawshe's content validity ratio was used to assess the appropriateness of each item for inclusion in the module and scale., Results: Experts (n = 6) gave their opinion on the usefulness of the School Readiness module for children with ASD. The experts agreed that most of the content under each component were valid with the exception of identification of objects by function, identification of environmental sounds and answering social questions. Similarly, in the school readiness scale there was good agreement for all items except for 1 item under domain 2 and 2 items under domain 5., Conclusion: A school readiness module and a scale to assess school readiness based on interventions provided as per the school readiness module were developed and validated. Further studies are needed to assess the utility of the module and scale in children with ASD., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aim: "Today's adolescents are tomorrow's citizens." Tobacco use in children and adolescents is reaching pandemic levels as they are the most vulnerable population to initiate tobacco use. It is well established that most of the adult users of tobacco, start the use of tobacco either in their childhood or adolescence. Parents are the best route to reach a child and can help lead to bring better outcomes for children. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding the hazards of tobacco use and Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) among the parents visiting pediatric dental clinic., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding the hazards of tobacco use and COTPA law. Samples size of 400 parents of adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years visiting to the department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry were included in the study, data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis., Results: Smoking tobacco product known to the parent population in the present study is cigarette (88.8%) and smokeless tobacco product is pan masala (65.2%). The tobacco health hazard known is cancer by 70.5 and 85.3% parent populations were aware of mandatory display of pictorial health warnings in COTPA law. Strict implementation of COTPA law was opted by 61.8%., Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of parents is required to educate and motivate adolescents. Parents have given their positive attitude regarding the strict implementation of COTPA law in India and realize the role of tobacco as a causative factor for health hazards both in children and adults. COTPA law should be made aware for both young and old to educate and motivate and to prevent the use of tobacco in India., How to Cite This Article: Kattimani S, Thimmegowda U, Nagarathna C. Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Regarding the Hazards of Tobacco Use and Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act among Parents Visiting Pediatric Dental Clinic: A Cross-sectional Questionnaire Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):47-53., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).)

Aim: The main objective of the present study was to estimate the production of hydrogen peroxide present in saliva and correlate it to early childhood caries using high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] method., Design: The study was conducted on children aged 3-6 years with a sample size of 20 who had decayed, missing, or filled teeth in accordance to WHO pro forma and were divided into two groups: Study group: Caries active [CA][ n = 10] and Control group caries free [CF] [ n = 10]. The whole saliva was collected into the vials with a buffer solution and was stored in cold storage. HPLC was done to estimate, detect, and correlate the amount of production of H 2 O 2 in CA and CF groups. To compare age and gender distribution among two groups, Independent student "t" test was used. To compare the mean production of H 2 O 2 levels between two study groups with a significance of p > 0.05 was done using Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman's correlation was done between caries and H 2 O 2 ., Results: Comparison of mean H 2 O 2 levels [in ppm] between groups was statistically significant at p = 0.03, which showed as age increases H 2 O 2 production also increases. Age-wise estimation of H 2 O 2 obtained a statistically significant result [ p = 0.04]. However, gender-wise comparison of mean H 2 O 2 levels [in ppm] in both the groups showed no difference., Conclusion: Findings in our study strongly suggested that H 2 O 2 levels are more in children without any caries experience. H 2 O 2 production is the same among males and females but according to age, H 2 O 2 production increases as the child grows with age., How to Cite This Article: Thimmegowda U, Belagatta V, Krishnamurthy NH, et al. Identification, Quantification and Correlation of Hydrogen Peroxide Present in Saliva to Early Childhood Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S140-S146., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).)

The present study deals with the development of a prediction model to investigate the impact of temperature and moisture on the vibration response of a skew laminated composite sandwich (LCS) plate using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique. Firstly, a finite element model is generated to incorporate the hygro-elastic and thermo-elastic characteristics of the LCS plate using first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Graphite-epoxy composite laminates are used as the face sheets, and DYAD606 viscoelastic material is used as the core material. Non-linear strain-displacement relations are used to generate the initial stiffness matrix in order to represent the stiffness generated from the uniformly varying temperature and moisture concentrations. The mechanical stiffness matrix is derived using linear strain-displacement associations. Then the results obtained from the numerical model are used to train the ANN. About 11,520 data points were collected from the numerical analysis and were used to train the network using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The developed ANN model is used to study the influence of various process parameters on the frequency response of the system, and the outcomes are compared with the results obtained from the numerical model. Several numerical examples are presented and conferred to comprehend the influence of temperature and moisture on the LCS plates.

A significant number of adolescents have difficulty during student life and suffer with anxiety disorders that go undetected and untreated. The lack of data exists in this arena in India. This study aimed to assess anxiety disorders among adolescent students in urban and rural areas and compared the differences between these two locations. A cross-sectional, comparative study was carried out among 462 adolescents studying in rural and urban Government schools using stratified cluster random sampling. Data collected on a pre-designed proforma on demographic parameters and used the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) scale for detecting anxiety disorders. Out of 462 subjects, females outnumbered males (n = 237, 51.3 %). The mean age of the sample was 15.85+/-0.7 (years); 167 (36 %) subjects had anxiety disorders. All specific anxiety disorders except 'school avoidance' were significantly more in urban school students than in rural students (66.5 % vs. 33.5 %). In a binary logistic regression model, gender (female > male), and locality (urban student > rural student) were significant predictors of the presence of anxiety disorder in this adolescent sample. Adolescent students from the urban schools had a higher prevalence of any anxiety disorder, as well as for specific sub-types than the students from the rural schools., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Background: Low vitamin D levels have been implicated in postpartum depressive disorders. However, studies on bioavailable vitamin D levels in postpartum depression are limited. Our study aimed to assess the serum concentrations of total, free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in women with postpartum depressive symptoms (PPD) and the association between 25(OH)D levels and PPD at 6 week post-delivery., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 330 cases and 330 age and BMI matched controls were recruited from the tertiary care hospital in South India. Women with depressive symptoms were assessed using the validated Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and cut-off score ≥10 was used. Serum 25(OH)D and VDBP levels were measured using commercially available ELISA kits., Results: Serum total, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in postpartum depressive women compared to non-depressive women (p <0.001, p = 0.01). A significant negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D and bioavailable 25(OH)D with EPDS score in total study subjects (p <0.001, r = -0.19; p <0.001, r = -0.14 and p <0.001, r = -0.14). Multivariate linear regression analysis further confirmed a significant association between serum total, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels and EPDS score (p <0.001∗)., Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that lower serum total, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were associated with postpartum depressive symptoms. Hypovitaminosis D after delivery may be a risk factor for postpartum depression., (Copyright © 2020 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Responsible media reporting of suicide is a key population-level suicide prevention strategy. Thus far, there has been no systematic analysis of media reporting of suicide in Puducherry, a consistently high suicide burden state in India., Aim: To evaluate the adherence of media reports of suicide against the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in Puducherry., Method: We conducted a year-round content analysis of all suicide-related reports in the two most widely read vernacular dailies of Puducherry. We used a pre-defined data extraction form and coded each item based on the WHO reporting guidelines., Results: A total of 318 suicide reports were retrieved. Harmful reporting practices such as mentioning the method of suicide (99.1%), description of the steps involved (68.2%) and location of suicide (86.5%), monocausal explanations (91.8%), and inciting life events (52.5%) were common. Helpful practices such as mentioning warning signs (1.3%), recognizing links with mental health disorders (3.8%) and effects on bereaved persons (2.2%) were rare. Only one article (0.31%) included any content related to educational/preventive aspects of suicide., Conclusion: Media reporting of suicide in Puducherry, India, does not adhere to reporting guidelines and there is very little focus on educating the public about preventive aspects of suicide. Urgent efforts are warranted to improve the quality of media reporting which should include the development of national guidelines on suicide reporting and collaborative efforts that take into account barriers and perspectives of media professionals.

We aimed to evaluate the cognitive domains for endophenotypes and their bearing on psychosocial functioning in unaffected siblings of patients with bipolar type I disorder (BD-I). We recruited unaffected siblings (n = 60) and age (±2 years), gender and education-matched healthy control subjects (n = 60) after screening with Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders (SCID-I) - Research Version, Young Mania rating scale (YMRS), Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and Family Interview for Genetic Studies scale (FIGS). Cognitive functioning was evaluated using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III Revised (ACE-III R) and Trail making tests A and B, whereas psychosocial functioning was evaluated using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). The siblings had scored significantly lower in memory tasks of ACE-III R (p < 0.001) than controls, whereas other cognitive domains were comparable. Psychosocial functioning did not differ significantly between the groups. No correlation existed between cognitive performance and psychosocial functioning. Memory functions can be considered as a possible endophenotype for BD-I., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: No review has been attempted, so far, on Indian psychological autopsy (PA) literature. There is also a dearth of interview guides which is at the heart of a PA procedure., Materials and Methods: Electronic searches of MEDLINE through PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google scholar databases were carried out from inception till February 2020 to identify relevant English language peer-reviewed articles from India, as well as global literature that provided information on best practice elements in PA. Abstracts generated were systematically screened for eligibility. Relevant data were extracted using a predesigned structured proforma, and a semi-structured interview guide was developed., Results: A total of 18 original articles, one case report, and three reviews/expert opinion articles which tried to give a description of PA procedure were found from India. Most Indian studies are of suicide PA (SPA), done to assess risk factors associated with suicide. There was a wide variation in reported rates of psychiatric morbidity among suicide decedents, while the other major risk factor for suicide in the Indian setting was stressful life events. An optimal approach to PA involves systematically collecting information from key informants and other sources using a narrative interviewing method, supplemented with psychological measures, and is probably best carried out within 1-6 months after the death., Conclusion: There have been limited attempts to standardize PA. Most Indian studies use SPA. We propose a semi-structured PA interview guide, suitable for both research and investigational purposes., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Indian Journal of Psychiatry.)

Background: Mental disability is a common condition but is considered as an invisible disability. The disability certificate in psychiatry remains underexplored. Some reasons are issues of confidentiality, stigma, lack of awareness in the public, and the hesitancy in the mental health professionals. We aim to provide a brief profile of patients with mental illness issued disability certificates from a psychiatric unit over a five-year period (2013-2017)., Methods: Our retrospective study is based on the data available from the copies of the issued disability certificates from a psychiatric unit that functions in a multispecialty tertiary care teaching government hospital in Southern India. Patients undergoing treatment in psychiatry apply for a disability certificate to the medical superintendent of the hospital. Each applicant undergoes a detailed workup to ascertain the diagnosis, and the mental disability is assessed using Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS). Those with intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) are assessed by a clinical psychologist for quantifying intelligence quotient, based on which the disability certificate is issued. Data were extracted and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used., Results: Over five years, 258 disability certificates were issued. A total of 218 were for mental illness and 40 were for IDD. Schizophrenia was the commonest primary diagnosis. There was no gender predominance, nor the influence of gender on different domains of IDEAS except on work domain dysfunction due to mental illness. The validity period was not mentioned in 81% of the issued certificates for mental illness., Conclusions: This descriptive study found a lower number of certificates issued from the psychiatric unit. Schizophrenia remains the main psychiatric diagnosis for which a disability certificate was issued. We did not assess the utilization pattern of the issued certificates., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© 2020 Indian Psychiatric Society - South Zonal Branch.)

Introduction: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been widely accepted and used in dentistry owing to its working characteristics, aesthetics and stability in the oral environment, ease in manipulation, and inexpensive processing methods and equipment., Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength of a high-impact PMMA denture base resin material and flexural strength of a commonly available heat cure PMMA denture base material with Kevlar, glass, and nylon fibers., Materials and Methods: The test samples were studied under two groups. The Group I (control group) comprised pre-reinforced PMMA (Lucitone 199; Dentsply Sirona Prosthetics, York, Pennsylvania, USA) consisting of 12 samples and second group comprised regular PMMA (DPI, Mumbai, India) reinforced with different fibers. The second test group was further divided into three subgroups as Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 comprising 12 samples each designated by the letters a-l. All the samples were marked on both ends. A total of 48 samples were tested. Results were analyzed and any P value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant ( t test)., Results: All the 48 specimens were subjected to a 3-point bending test on a universal testing machine (MultiTest 10-i, Sterling, VA, USA) at a cross-head rate of 2 mm/min. A load was applied on each specimen by a centrally located rod until fracture occurred; span length taken was 50 mm. Flexural strength was then calculated., Conclusion: Reinforcement of conventional denture base resin with nylon and glass fibers showed statistical significance in the flexural strength values when compared to unreinforced high impact of denture base resin., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)