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Traditional methods for evaluating crop ripeness are critiqued for their inefficiency and potential harm to produce. The use of image-processing and deep-learning techniques can solve these issues as a trend in non-destructive methods. However, an overfitting problem arises when optimization and generalization are used to estimate the parameters of the next epoch. In this paper, we develop specialized models with a high volume of training images for a single type of crop to achieve the goal of 100% accuracy for both test and validation datasets. This development contributes insights into leveraging deep learning for crop assessment, emphasizing its potential application in diverse agricultural scenarios. Experimental results show that the proposed models are superior to several existing available methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present manuscript, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using a cost-effective and environmentally benign way utilizing Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract (AILE). Rietveld refined X-ray diffractogram of biosynthesized ZnO NPs revealed wurtzite-type hexagonal crystallinity with space group P63mc. The optical spectrum of ZnO NPs carried out using ultraviolet visible-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) showed an energy band gap of 3.35 eV. FTIR spectrum of the ZnO NPs fabricated via green synthesis route showed a broad anomaly at 3451 cm−1 (hydroxyl group) belonging to phenolic content present in AILE. Microstructural properties were obtained using transmission electron microscopy which showed pseudo-spherical formation of ZnO NPs with an average diameter of particle as 8.5 nm. The TGA-DTA curve of ZnO NPs depicted the thermal stability of synthesized NPs below 405 °C. The study investigated the impact of different parameters, specifically contact time and pH, on the adsorption process on adsorption of Pb2+ using ZnO NPs. It was observed that the adsorption process exhibited a strong dependence on pH. To analyze the kinetics of the process, experimental data was assessed using both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equations. The pseudo-first-order model fit of the data at 100 ppm of Pb2+ concentration gives the R2 = 0.863 with k′ = 2 × 10−2 min−1, respectively, whereas the pseudo-second-order model gives the better fit with R2 = 0.976 which is higher as compared to pseudo-first-order (R2 = 0.863). Additionally, the equilibrium data was modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The value of the equilibrium constant (K) and R2 value with the Langmuir model were found to be 0.99 and 0.209, respectively, and for the Freundlich model were 3.176 and 0.97, respectively. The experimental results showed good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study was undertaken with the aim and objective to study the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: A cross sectional study consisted of 100 patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis in the Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Patiala. Results: In age group <30 years, 15% of patients were involved. In age group 41-50 years 22% patients were involved. In age group 51-60 years, 29% patients were involved. In age group 61- 70 years, 17% patients were involved. In age group >70 years, 17% patients were involved. Out of 100 patients, there were 57% male and 43% females. 1% was having Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, 8% having acute tubular necrosis, 18% having chronic glomerulonephritis, 23% having diabetes mellitus, 30% having diabetes Mellitus + hypertension, 15% having Hypertension, 2% having IGA nephropathy and 3% having obstructive uropathy. ECG was normal in 25% cases. LVH in 35% cases, LAD in 6%, conduction disturbances in 18%, Ischemic changes in 6%, Arrhythmia in 6% and P-mitrale in 4%. The most common ECG changes were 35% in LVH and 26% in conduction disturbance. The table shows echocardiographic changes in CKD cases on hemodialysis. Normal was found in 12 % of cases, left ventricular hypertrophy in 44% of patients, RWMA in 8%, pericardial effusion in 7%, diastolic dysfunction was found in 15% of patients and systolic dysfunction in 14% of patients. Conclusion: Left ventricular hypertrophy is the commonest abnormality observed in patient’s chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis both on ECG and Echocardiography. Echocardiography is a more sensitive diagnostic procedure to detect left ventricular hypertrophy. After Left Ventricular Hypertrophy the next common abnormality found on Echocardiography is Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the neurological manifestations in patients diagnosed with HIV and to assess CD 4 counts in HIV Patients. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Medicine and ART Center, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. A total 200 patients in the time period 1st April to March 2021 were included in the study. Results: Majority of patients were in economically productive age group 21-45 years. 70.50% patients were in 26-45 years of age group with mean age range 36.28±10.20. Out of 200 patients 55 (28.5%) had neurological manifestations. Among the 55 patients with neurological manifestations, majority (60.40%) were in 26-45 year age group with Mean age of study subjects: 36.28+ 10.20, Mean age for males: 34.30 ± 7.29, Mean age for females –29.27 ± 6.47and Male to female ratio : 2.56:1. Fever was the commonest symptom seen among the patients with neurological manifestations in 41 patients (71.93%) followed by altered sensorium seen in 36 patients (63.16%), head ache in 30 patients (52.63%), seizures in 15 patients (26.32%) of the patients. These results were statistically significant for all neurological symptoms except headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While most glycosidases that act on N‐linked glycans remove a single sugar residue at a time, endo‐α‐1,2‐mannosidases and endo‐α‐1,2‐mannanases of glycoside hydrolase family GH99 cut within a chain and remove two or more sugar residues. They are stereochemically retaining enzymes that use an enzymatic mechanism involving an epoxide intermediate. Human endo‐α‐1,2‐mannosidase (MANEA) trims glucosylated mannose residues; the endomannosidase pathway provides a glucosidase‐independent pathway for glycoprotein maturation. Cell‐active MANEA inhibitors alter N‐glycan processing and reduce infectivity of dengue virus, demonstrating that MANEA has potential as a host‐directed antiviral target. Sequence‐related enzymes from gut Bacteroides spp. exhibit endo‐α‐1,2‐mannosidase activity and are a fruitful test bed for structure‐guided inhibitor development. The genes encoding the Bacteroides spp. enzymes sit within polysaccharide utilization loci and are preferential endo‐α‐1,2‐mannanases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]