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10. LETTER BOX

Author

Kawakami, I. and Pearson, W. L.

Published
1920

27. Construction and development of an UV free electron laser under the cooperation of Nihon U., KEK, PNC, ETL and Tohoku U.

Author

Hayakawa, K, primary, Tanaka, T, additional, Torizuka, Y, additional, Sato, K, additional, Matsubara, Y, additional, Kawakami, I, additional, Sato, I, additional, Fukuda, S, additional, Anami, S, additional, Kurihara, T, additional, Kamitani, T, additional, Ohsawa, S, additional, Enomoto, A, additional, Toyama, S, additional, Nomura, M, additional, Yamazaki, Y, additional, Yamazaki, T, additional, Yamada, K, additional, Ikezawa, M, additional, Sibata, Y, additional, and Oyamada, M, additional

Published
1996
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29. Preparation of Ba(Pb1-xBix)O3 electrode thin films by rf magnetron sputtering

Author

Nishida, T., Kawakami, I., Norimoto, M., and Shiosaki, T.

Subjects
*ELECTRODES, *FERROELECTRIC thin films, *RANDOM access memory, *POLARIZATION (Electricity), *LEAD
Abstract

New electrode materials have been explored for Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films in ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) devices. Among them, Ba(Pb1-xBix)O3 (BPBO) is notable for its improved polarization and fatigue properties. Like PZT, the BPBO conductor contains lead (Pb) and oxygen (O). These structural similarities indicate that it has the same perovskite structure as PZT. BPBO thin films were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering, and the influence of growth conditions (sputtering gas, rf power, substrate temperature, Bi concentration and post-annealing) on crystallization and conductivity was investigated. A perovskite single phase was obtained above 400 °C at x=0, when post-annealing after sputtering was conducted without substrate heating. In the absence of post-annealing, the perovskite single phase was obtained by sputtering on SiO2/Si substrates heated to 350–500 °C. The crystallization temperature decreased with increasing Bi concentration (x), and Ba(Pb0.8Bi0.2)O3 films were prepared at 300 °C. Resistivity of the films also decreased with decreasing sputtering temperature and with increasing Bi concentration. Ferroelectric properties of PZT capacitors used for BPBO electrodes were also evaluated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2004
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31. Preparation of BaPbO 3 Electrode Thin Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering.

Author

Nishida, T., Kawakami, I., Okamura, S., and Shiosaki, T.

Subjects
*ELECTRODES, *FERROELECTRIC thin films, *RANDOM access memory, *SPUTTERING (Physics), *FERROELECTRIC crystals
Abstract

For electrode materials of Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) thin films in ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM), various materials have been studied. As new electrode material with which the polarization and fatigue properties are improved, we take notice of barium metaplumbate BaPbO 3 (BPO). Because the BPO contained lead (Pb) and oxygen is conductor that adopted same perovskite structure as PZT. BPO thin films were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering on various substrates. (SiO 2 /Si, MgO, Al 2 O 3 and Pt-coated substrates), and influence of growth conditions (sputtering gas, rf power, the substrate-heating temperature and post anneals) on crystallization and conductivity were investigated. In case of post anneal after sputtering at room temperature, perovskite single phase was obtained above 400°C. In case of substrate heating while sputtering, without post anneal, perovskite single phase was obtained at 350-500°C on SiO 2 /Si substrates (110) preferred orientation BPO films obtained at low temperature, and resistivity of the films decreased at decreasing sputtering temperature. Resistivity of the film at substrate temperature 350°C was 3 × 10 -3 Ω cm. In the case of single crystal substrate, the BPO films were epitaxially grown. Orientation of the films was varied with the sputtering condition. The epitaxial PZT thin films were also grown on the BPO, revealing that PZT(111)[011] //BPO(111)[011] //Pt(100)[011] //MgO(100)[011] and PZT(111)[011] //BPO(111)[011] //Pt(111)[011] //Al 2 O 3 (001)[100] structures were obtained, and their ferroelectric properties were also evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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33. The Present Status of Aortoiliac Endarterectomy for Obliterative Atherosclerosis

Author

CANNON, JACK A., KAWAKAMI, I. G., and BARKER, WILEY F.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION It is the purpose of this paper to present an experience with the treatment of aortoiliac obliterative atherosclerosis when endarterectomy has been the exclusive initial direct surgical attack, combined in many instances with concurrent bilateral lumbar sympathectomy.The results of this experience have been gratifying to the authors from the aspect of the technical success. Though the series is relatively small in relation to the tremendous numbers of cases it has become fashionable to report, it is our belief that the long-term follow-up we offer here extends over as long or longer a period as any other series so far reported. It is our view that the only reliable method of testing the value of a surgical procedure is to subject it to the test of time, starting with an acceptable operative mortality and morbidity. We cannot agree that numbers, assumed simpler and more rapid surgical technique, and immediate

Published
1961
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34. Effect of interleukins response to ECM-induced acquisition of drug resistance in MCF-7 cells

Author

Ohbayashi, M., Yasuda, M., Kawakami, I., Noriko Kohyama, Kobayashi, Y., and Yamamoto, T.

Subjects
Lung Neoplasms, Paclitaxel, Cell Survival, Original contributions, Interleukins, Cell Culture Techniques, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Extracellular Matrix, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cell Line, Tumor, Colonic Neoplasms, Humans, Camptothecin, Female, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

Aim: To examine the effect of various components of extracellular matrix (ECM) on acquisition of drug resistance to taxol and camptothecin by breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Methods: Cancer cells were cultured on bovine serum albumin (BSA), vitronectin (VN), fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (COL-I), or Matrigel-coated plates with or without taxol (paclitaxel) or camptothecin treatment. The effect of anticancer drugs on cell growth was accessed by XTT assay, and the alterations of cellular morphology were examined by phase contrast microscopy. Immunofluorescence study was performed using monoclonal anti-b-tubulin antibody. Results: All cell lines showed a significant decrease in cell survival when treated with anticancer drugs without components of ECM, whereas survival rates of Caco-2, MCF-7 and NCI-H292 were significantly increased when cells were cultured on COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dishes after treatment with paclitaxel or camptothecin. MCF-7 cells showed and maintained a colony formation when cultured on the COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dish. Moreover, cytotoxicity (IC50) was decreased by taxol (paclitaxel) or camptothecin treatment during colony formation in MCF-7 cells, suggesting that morphological changes could increase survival of cells treated with anticancer drugs. Thick circumferential bundles of microtubules around the periphery of the cells and chromatin condensation was not observed for MCF-7 cells on COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dishes treated with paclitaxel. To confirm this, spheroid cells were prepared, and we found that cytotoxicity was decreased for these cells, and significantly increased when cells were co-cultured on Matrigel- or COL-I-coated upper wells. The effect of anticancer drugs on cell survival was efficiently inhibited by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Conclusions: Present results suggested that not only integrin-ECM interactions but also other factors such as IL-6 and IL-8 secreted by cancer cells, cultured on COL-I and Matrigel dishes, are involved in the acquisition of drug resistance by MCF-7. Цель: изучить влияние различных компонентов внеклеточного матрикса (ECM) на приобретение химиорезистентности к таксолу и камптотецину клетками линии карциномы молочной железы MCF-7. Методы: клетки культивировали на платах, покрытых бычьим сывороточным альбумином (BSA), витронектином (VN), фибронектином (FN), коллагеном I типа (COL-I) или матригелем, без и с добавлением таксола (паклитаксел) или камптотецина. Влияние противоопухолевых препаратов на рост клеток изучали с помощью XTT-теста, изменения клеточной морфологии отмечали в фазовом контрастном микроскопе. Иммунофлуоресцентным методом определяли экспрессию β-тубулина. Результаты: для всех клеточных линий показано существенное снижение выживаемости после культивирования с противоопухолевыми препаратами без компонентов ECM, в то время как уровень выживаемости клеток Caco-2, MCF-7 и NCI-H292 значительно возрос при культивировании с таксолом или камптотецином в чашках, покрытых COL-I и матригелем. Для клеток MCF-7 показано формирование и сохранение колоний при культивировании в чашках с COL-I и матригелем. Более того, цитотоксичность (IC50) таксола и во время колониеобразования клеток MCF-7 была снижена, что позволяет предположить, что морфологические изменения могут влиять на выживаемость клеток при культивировании с химиопрепаратом. Для клеток MCF-7, выращиваемых на чашках с COL-I и матригелем, не отмечали образования плотных периферических узлов микротрубочек и конденсации хроматина. Для подтверждения данного наблюдения проведены опыты с клетками, растущими в виде сфероидов. Показано, что цитотоксичность химиопрепаратов по отношению к этим клеткам снижалась и значительно повышалась при ко-культивировании с матригелем или COL-I в верхних камерах. Снижение выживаемости клеток под действием химиопрепаратов эффективно ингибировалось интерлейкином-6 (IL-6) и интерлейкином-8 (IL-8). Выводы: настоящие исследования показали, что не только интегрин-ECM-взаимодействия, но также и другие факторы, такие как IL-6 и IL-8, секретируемые опухолевыми клетками на чашках с COL-I и матригелем, участвуют в приобретении химиорезистентности опухолевыми клетками MCF-7.

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