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application/pdf, Postharvest quality management of cut ranunculus hybrid ‘Yuki‐Temari’ (YT) flowers was investigated. Cut YT flowers harvested at flowering stage of main flower bud from a greenhouse (60 to 70 cm in stem length)were pre‐treated with or without some chemicals including STS, CaCl₂ (0 to 2%), uniconazole and gibberellin, then cut to 40 cm before flower longevity test. Effects of sucrose (0 to 5%) in a vase solution on cut flower performance were also investigated. All cut flowers were kept under a light intensity of 20 µmol/m²/s provided by fluorescent lamps with a 16 h photoperiod at 24C with 65–85% RH for flower longevity evaluation. As with other ranunculus cultivars, the effect of STS on the flower longevity of cut YT flowers was not clear. The bent‐neck was the most serious problem in postharvest performance of YT. Sucrose in a vase solution produced larger flowers but increased number of bent‐neck flowers, resulting shorter flower longevity. The bent‐neck occurred mainly 1 to 2 cm below flower bud. Both uniconazole and gibberellin did not affect pedicel elongation. Drastic reduction of bent‐neck was achieved when the cut flowers were pretreated with 0.5 to 2% CaCl₂. When YT cut flowers were stored at 5°C for 7 days, the flower longevity was shorter than that of non‐stored cut flowers., ラナンキュラス「雪てまり」（YT）の切り花の収穫後の品質管理について検討した。温室で主花芽が開花したステージに収穫されたYTの切り花（茎の長さ60〜70cm）を、STS、CaCl₂（0〜2%）、ウニコナゾール、ジベレリンなどの薬剤で前処理した後、40cmに切り揃えて品質保持試験を行った。また、いけ水に添加したスクロース（0〜5%）が切り花の性能に及ぼす影響についても調査した。すべての切り花は、蛍光灯を用いて20 µmol/m²/sの光強度および16時間の光周期、24°C、65–85% RHの条件で管理された検査室で、花の品質保持を評価した。他のラナンキュラス品種と同様に、STSがYTの切り花の花もちに与える影響は明らかではなかった。YT切り花の品質保持において、ベントネックが最も深刻な問題であった。スクロースをいけ水に添加すると、花径は大きくなるが、ベントネックの数が増え、切り花の寿命が短くなった。ベントネックは主に花から1〜2cm下のところで発生した。ウニコナゾールとジベレリンは、いずれも花柄の伸長に影響を与えなかった。切り花を0.5〜2%のCaCl₂で前処理すると、ベントネックが劇的に減少した。YTの切り花を5°Cで7日間保存した場合、花の寿命は保存していない切り花よりも短くなった。

application/pdf, Previous research has shown that L2 learners immersed in a target language environment exhibit phonetic drift in L1 category boundaries along VOT （Chang, 2002, 2010; Tice & Woodley, 2012） and vowel formant （Guion, 2003） dimensions, which subsides after an extended duration of immersion. This study investigates the articulation of sibilant fricatives in Japanese and in English by three groups of bilinguals – a） late bilinguals who have studied abroad; b） late bilinguals with no experience abroad; c） early （simultaneous） bilinguals – to determine whether they differ from one another in distinguishing post-alveolar sibilants of English, [ʃ], and Japanese, [㷡], and whether there is evidence among late bilinguals of phonetic drift in the alveolar sibilant [s] common to both languages under pressure from the novel English post-alveolar. Participants produced real words containing each of the test segments before a high or a low vowel in four blocks, two in English and two in Japanese both in isolation and embedded within a carrier phrase. Productions were recorded and submitted to acoustic analysis. Measurements of spectral Center of Gravity (Hanulíková and Weber, 2010) revealed differences between the two languages only among late bilinguals with no study abroad experience. Without intensive immersion experience, these participants were expected to exhibit no evidence of phonetic drift; however, the pool from which they were recruited was comprised of Japanese university students majoring in linguistics with coursework in English phonetics. We therefore speculate that phonetic drift may not arise solely from intensive exposure in an immersion environment but from heightened perceptual awareness brought about through acquired metalinguistic knowledge as well. It is surmised that any experience of phonetic drift that the other two groups may have had must already have subsided by the time of testing given the extent of their exposure experience.

application/pdf, 三元交配は，花の色と形態的特徴のバリエーションを増やす効果的な方法である。（T. bicolor×T. baillonii）の稔性花粉を，T. concolor，T. fournieri，T. hirsutissimaおよびT. siamensisの4種の柱頭に受粉した。T. fournieri×（T. bicolor×T. baillonii）の交配組合せのみが5つの後代を生み出した。次に，3つの交配種（T. fournieri×T. baillonii），（T. fournieri×T. bicolor），および（T. bicolor×T. baillonii）を雌性親として使用し，他のToreniaの種と交配した。（T. fournieri×T. baillonii）×T. siamensisから3つの後代が，（T. fournieri×T. baillonii）×T. concolorから2つの後代が得られた。得られた植物の雑種性はPCR-RFLPによって確認され，全てが真の交配種であった。三元交配種は，両親の中間の染色体数を示し，すべての交配種は雄性不稔であった。交配種の花弁の色は，ほぼ全て親の中間色であった。, Tri-parental cross is an effective way to increase variations in flower color and morphological characteristics. Recombination of three genomes would produce new phenotypes having high ornamental value. The fertile pollen of (T. bicolor × T. baillonii) was mounted on the stigma of four species, T. concolor, T. fournieri, T. hirsutissima and T. siamensis. Only the cross combination of T. fournieri × (T. bicolor × T. baillonii) produced five progenies. Then three hybrids (T. fournieri × T. baillonii), (T. fournieri × T. bicolor) and (T. bicolor × T. baillonii) were used as female parents then cross with other Torenia species. Three progenies were obtained from (T. fournieri × T. baillonii) × T. siamensis and two progenies were obtained from (T. fournieri × T. baillonii) × T. concolor. The hybridity of progenies was confirmed by PCR-RFLP, and all tested plants were true hybrids. Tri-parental hybrids showed intermediate chromosome number between parents and all tri-parental hybrids were male sterile. Petal color of the hybrids was mostly intermediate of parents with narrow variation.

application/pdf, スプレーカーネーション切り花の出荷時期調整技術を確立するため，乾式および湿式で出荷調整した切り花の品質保持を検討した。スプレーカーネーション切り花の品質保持期間は、生け花開始から全花蕾の50%が終了するまでと定義した。生け水へのグルコース添加は冬季から3月までの切花では品質保持期間を延長したが，4月以降では効果がなかった。23℃での3日以上の出荷調整は困難であるが5℃湿式では14日間の出荷調整が可能であった。出荷調整後の品質保持期間に品種間差異は認められたが，多くの品種で低温下での出荷調整が可能であった。実需者レベルでの実証試験でも2週間の出荷調整が可能であった。, In order to establish the shipping time adjustment technique for cut spray carnation flowers, we examined the vase life of cut flowers stored by dry and wet methods. The vase life period of cut spray carnation flowers was defined as the period from the start of the experiment to the loosing ornamental value of 50% of the whole flower bud. The addiction of a glucose to the vase solution prolonged the vase life of the cut flowers from December to March, but there was no effect in May. Although more than three days shipping timing adjustment was difficult at 23℃, 14 days storage at 5℃ was possible. Varietal differences in vase life after 14 days storage at 5℃ was observed. Availability of two weeks shipping time adjustment was confirmed at the actual user level.