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Acanthocephalans are grouped in a single phylum, having a cosmopolitan distribution and subdivided into several genera. Although species of this parasite genus have birds and mammals as definitive hosts, they have been reported in amphibians and reptiles, and have been noted as paratenic hosts. In this study we report the record of Rhinella major as a new paratenic host for the Centrorhynchus sp. from an urban area of the Brazilian Amazon. In this study, for the morphometric measurements to take place, the parasitic specimens found were fixed and preserved in an alcoholic liquid medium and the identification of the parasites found were confirmed by specialized literature. The parasitological statistical parameters followed the proposed ecological concepts, calculating the parasite prevalence, intensity, average intensity and average abundance indices with confidence intervals. In the present study, two morphotypes of Acontochephala were found parasitizing R. major. In this study we report the record of R. major as a new paratenic host for the Centrorhynchus sp.

Purpose: The present study aims to record the occurrence of a haemogregarine of the genus Dactylosoma in anurans in the eastern Brazilian Amazon., Methods: Specimens of Leptodactylus macrosternum, Rhinella major, and Rhinella marina were collected in the municipality of Santarém, west of the State of Pará, in Brazil. Parasitic forms identified as Dactylosoma sp. were recorded by light microscopy, with magnification of 400 and 1000 X., Results: Aspects about the morphology and morphometry of Dactylosoma sp. are presented. The mean intensity of infection was 200,000 parasites/mL in R. major and 50,000 parasites/mL in R. marina., Conclusion: The present study expands the occurrence of parasites of the genus Dactylosoma in Brazil, presenting a new anuran host for this parasite in the Brazilian Amazon region., (© 2021. Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences.)

Rhinella major is one of the component species of the Rhinella granulosa group and is distributed in the neotropical region of the South American continent, being found in anthropized environments. The occurrence of trypanosomes in anurans involves a yet unknown diversity of species and hosts. In the present study, we aimed to describe the first record of Trypanosoma sp. at R. major as a new host. Of the species captured, four were positive for trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma sp. The morphometry of the trypomastigote forms revealed parasitemia by only one morphotype. There is a need for reports and studies of parasite-host relationships in anurans and a lack of records regarding hemoparasite diversity linked to the Rhinella granulosa group.

Amazophrynella comprises 11 small bufonid species with a pan-Amazonian distribution (Fouquet et al. 2012a, b; Rojas et al. 2016, Rojas et al. 2018). All species inhabit the forest leaf litter, breed in seasonal puddles and are diurnally and nocturnally active (Fouquet et al. 2012b; Rojas et al. 2014; 2015; 2016). Until now only one nominal species, A. javierbustamantei, and two putative lineages-A. moisesii (Rio Yuyapichis, Peru) and A. siona (Santa Cecilia, Ecuador)-had their advertisement calls formally described (Duellman 1978; Schlüter 1981; Rojas et al. 2016). Herein, we described for the first time the advertisement calls from additional four species of Amazophrynella.