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Skin cancers are the most commonly seen tumors in human, due to sun exposure %80 of them are identified in head and neck region. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma compose the majority of the skin tumors. The defects of the auricles can be reconstructed with local skin flaps or free skin grafts. In this report we represent a transpositional random flap reconstruction for a 2 cm central auricular defect after a 12 mm squamous cell carcinoma excision from left central auricule., Cilt kanserleri insanlarda en sık görülen tümöral oluşumlardır ve % 80 sıklıkla güneş ışınlarına temasın çok fazla olduğu bölgeler olan baş boyun bölgesinde bulunurlar. Cilt tümörlerinin çoğunluğunu bazal hücreli ve yassı hücreli karsinomlar oluştururlar. Aurikula bölgesindeki tümörler bölgesel fleplerle yada cilt greftleri ile onarılabilirler. Bu yayında sol aurikulasındaki sentral yerleşimli 12 mm'lik cilt lezyonuna yassı hücreli karsinom tanısı konan hastanın yapılan eksizyonu sonrasındaki 2 cm lik defektinin postauriküler random transpozisyon flebi ile rekonstrüksiyonu sunulmuştur.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada harmonik bıçak ve soğuk bıçak tonsillek- tomi teknikleri ameliyat süresi, kanama miktarı ve ameliyat sonrası ağrı açısından karşılaştırıldı. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2014 - Mart 2014 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde harmonik bıçak veya soğuk bıçak ton- sillektomi uygulanan 40 hastanın (21 erkek, 19 kız; ort. yaş 6.8 yıl; dağılım 3-15 yıl) kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelen- di. Her iki grup ameliyat sırası ve sonrası kanama miktarı, ameliyat süresi ve 1, 3, 5, 7. ve 10. gün ağrı skorları açısından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında ameliyat süresi, ameliyat sırası ve sonrası kanama miktarı ve ağrı skorları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık vardı. Sonuç: Harmonik bıçak, deneyimli KBB hekimleri tarafın- dan tonsillektomi işlemleri sırasında güvenle kullanılabilecek, kanamayı azaltıp ameliyat süresini kısaltabilen yardımcı bir cerrahi enstrümandır., Objectives: This study aims to compare harmonic scalpel and cold knife tonsillectomy techniques with respect to duration of operation, amount of bleeding, and postoperative pain. Patients and Methods: Records of 40 patients (21 males, 19 females; mean age 6.8 years; range 3 to 15 years) who underwent harmonic scalpel or cold knife tonsillectomy at our clinic between January 2014 and March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Both groups were compared in terms of intra- and postoperative bleeding amount, duration of operation, and pain scores at days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of duration of operation, intra- and postoperative bleeding amount, and pain scores. Conclusion: Harmonic scalpel is a helpful surgical instrument, which can be used safely by experienced otolaryngologists in tonsillectomy procedures, reducing bleeding and decreasing duration of operation.

Nasal polyps generally have similar symptom, they generally originate from ethmoid infundibulum, mucosal contact areas of the uncinate process and middle turbinate. However nasal polyps rarely arise from different and unexpected locations in the nasal cavity such as septum, cribriform plate and olfactory cleft. In this article, we report 63 years old men, had a history of nasal obstruction and loss of smell for six years, diagnosed with bilaterally olfactory cleft originated nasal polyps, which is a very rare site of origin. Nasal polipler genellikle etmoid infundibulum, uncinat çıkıntı ve orta konkanın mukozal temas yüzeylerinden kaynaklanır ve benzer semptomlara neden olurlar. Nazal polipler ender olarak septum, kribriform bölge, olfaktör yarık gibi bölgelerde de görülebilirler. Bu olgu sunumunda 6 yıldır koku alma sorunlarına neden olan bilateral nasal polip tanısı almış 63 yaşındaki erkek hasta sunulmaktadır.

The masticator space is a deep facial space which is centered on the mandibular ramus and outlined by the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia. A masticator space abscess commonly represents an advanced stage of an odontogenic infection indicated by facial pain, swelling and trismus. Masticator space abscess may have a life threatening prognosis if they are not diagnosed and treated properly. They are very rarely seen and published infections in the literature, which make their diagnosis more important. Due to difficulty of physical examination of the region, the value of computed tomography or magnetic resonance investigation on diagnosis of masticator space abscess is important. This report describes two cases of masticator abscess who came to the clinic with trismus and facial pain complaints and both were surgically drained and postoperatively administered with antibiotics, Mastikatör boşluk merkezinde mandibular ramusun bulunduğu derin servikal fasyanın yüzeyel tabakası ile çevrelenmiş derin yüz boşluğudur. Mastikatör boşluklaki apseler genellikle diş kaynaklı infeksiyonların bir komplikasyonudur ve yüz ağrısı, şişlik ve trismus gibi şikayetlere neden olurlar. Mastikatör boşluk apseleri doğru tanı konulmadığı ve uygun tedavi uygulanmadığı durumlarda hayatı tehdit edebilen bir prognoza sahiptirler. Literatürde oldukça az sayıda bildirilmiş olması tanısının konulmasını daha da zor hale getirmiştir. İlgili bölgenin fizik muayenesinin yapılmasının zor olmasından dolayı tanıda bilgisayarlı tomografi ve manyetik rezonans ile inceleme çok yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada hastanemiz acil servisine trismus ve yüz ağrısı yakınması ile başvuran ve yapılan incelemelerle mastikatör boşluk apsesi tanısı konulan ardından cerrahi olarak drene edilen iki hastanın sunumu yapılmıştır

Amaç: Çalışmamızda yüzünde melanoma dışı malign cilt kanseri teşhis edilen ve rekonstrüksiyonunda lokal fleplerin kullanıldığı 57 olguluk seri güncel literatür bilgileri eşliğinde sunuldu.Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Şubat 2010 - Eylül 2011 tarihleri arasında baş boyun bölgesi ve yüzündeki cilt lezyonları için Ünye Devlet Hastanesi Kulak Burun Boğaz, Baş ve Boyun Cerrahisi ve Deri ve Zührevi Hastalıklar Kliniğine başvuran ve melanoma dışı cilt tümörü ön tanısı ile tedavi edilen 57 hasta tümör histopatolojisi, yerleşimi ve yapılan tedavileri açısından retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Hastaların tümör dağılımı bazal hücreli karsinom n=39, %68.4 ve yassı epitel hücreli karsinom n=18, %31.4 idi. Hastaların ortalama takip süreleri 14.2 ay idi. Cilt tümörü yerleşimi en sık olarak burunda n=23, %40.3 görüldü; bunu alın n=8, %14.0 , dudak n=7, %12.2 , kulak n=6, %10.5 , yanak n=6, %10.5 , göz n=3, %5.2 , çene n=2, %3.5 ve boyun n=2, %3.5 izledi.Sonuç: Tedavisinde birçok alternatif yöntemler bulunan cilt kanserlerinin cerrahi eksizyonu sonrası lokal flepler ile onarımı kulak burun boğaz hekimleri tarafından kolayca uygulanabilecek etkili bir tedavi yöntemidir, Objectives: In our study, we present a case series of 57 patients with non-melanoma malignant skin cancer involving the face who were treated with local flap reconstruction with literature review. Patients and Methods: Between February 2010 and September 2011, 57 patients 37 males, 20 females; mean age 63.1 years; range 38 to 87 years who were admitted to Ünye State Hospital Otolaryngology and Head and Neck and Dermatology Clinic with a preliminary diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer were retrospectively analyzed in terms of tumor histopathologically, location and treatment plan. Results: The tumor distribution of the patients included basal cell carcinoma n=39, 68.4% and squamous cell carcinoma n=18, 31.4% . The mean follow-up was 14.2 range 8-23 months . The most common involvement site of the skin tumor was the nose n=23, 40.3% , followed by forehead n=8, 14% , lips n=7, 12.2% , ears n=6, 10.5% , cheeks n=6, 10.5% , eyes n=3, 5.2% , chin n=2, 3.5% and neck n=2, 3.5% . Conclusion: Local flap reconstruction applied following surgical excision of skin cancer is an effective treatment method which can easily be used by ear nose throat surgeons.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada işitme cihazı kullanımı için uygun olduğu tespit edilen hastalarda cihaz kullanımı öncesi ve sonrası işitme eşikleri değerlendirilerek hastaların işitme cihazı kullanımı oranı, memnuniyet oranı ve sosyal iletişimdeki ilerlemeleri araştırıldı.Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak 2013 ve Mayıs 2013 tarihleri arasında Sakarya Üniversitesi Kulak Burun Boğaz Kliniğine başvuran ve işitme cihazı kullanması onaylanan 180 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalara 21 erkek, 26 kadın; ort. yaş 61.91±12.82 yıl; dağılım 24-85 yıl aynı odyometrist tarafından cihazlı ve cihazsız serbest saha odyometresi ve aynı kulak burun boğaz uzmanı tarafından Uluslararası İşitme Cihazları Değerlendirme Envanteri’nin Türkçe sürümü uygulandı.Bulgular: Hastaların %14.28’i işitme cihazı onayı raporu almasına rağmen işitme cihazını edinmedi. Envanter sorularının cevapları değerlendirildiğinde hastaların %87’sinin işitme cihazını günde dört saatten fazla kullandığı, %72’sinin işitme cihazından anlamlı şekilde faydalandığı ve %64’ünün işitme cihazı öncesi döneme kıyasla hiç yakınması olmadığı veya birkaç yakınması olduğu ortaya çıktı.Sonuç: İşitme cihazı kullanımı hastaların günlük aktivitelerini çok az veya orta derecede etkiler ve iletişim becerilerini artırır, Objectives: This study aims to investigate hearing aid using rate, patient satisfaction rate and achievements in social communication of patients by assessing the hearing thresholds before and after device use in patients who were determined as suitable for hearing aid use. Patients and Methods: Hundred eighty patients who were admitted to Otolaryngology Clinic of Sakarya University Medical Faculty and approved of hearing aid usage between January 2013 and May 2013 were included in the study. Patients 21 males, 26 females; mean age 61.91±12.82; range 24 to 85 years were performed free field audiometry with and without the device by the same audiometrist and Turkish version of the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids by the same otolaryngologist. Results: Of patients, 14.28% did not obtain the hearing aid even though they received a hearing aid approval report. Assessment of the answers of inventory questions revealed that 87% of patients used hearing aid more than four hours a day, 72% benefited significantly from hearing aid, and 64% had no complaint or had few complaints compared to the before-hearing aid period. Conclusion: Using hearing aid affects daily activities of patients slightly or moderately and increases their communication skills.

Nazal konkalar, dış burun duvarından burun boşluğuna doğru uzanan fonksiyonel olarak önemli yapılardır. Dış burun duvarı anomalileri genellikle tesadüfen saptanan asemptomatik lezyonlardır. En sık görülen dış burun duvarı varyasyonu, konka pnömotizasyonudur. Paranazal yapıların anatomik varyasyonları, burun içi yön bulma işaretlerinin karıştırılmasına neden olabilir. Bu da endoskopik sinüs cerrahisinde zorluklara neden olmaktadır. Bifid alt konka çok nadir görülen bir durumdur. Bu yazıda, iki bifid alt konka olgusu sunuldu. Bu varyasyon nadir bir burun tıkanıklığı nedeni olarak akılda tutulmalıdır, Nasal turbinates are functionally important structures which extend from the lateral nasal walls to the nasal cavity. Lateral nasal wall anomalies are usually asymptomatic lesions which are incidentally detected. The most common variation of the lateral nasal wall is the pneumatization of turbinates. Anatomical variations of paranasal structures may present confusing intranasal landmarks. This may cause challenges in endoscopic sinus surgery. Bifid inferior turbinate is an extremely rare condition. In this article, we present two cases with bifid inferior turbinate. This variation should be kept in mind as a rare cause of nasal obstruction.

Choanal atresia is the most frequently detected congenital nasal anomaly seen in one of every 5 to 8 thousand births. The symptoms seen in unilateral choanal atresia are mild and might be overlooked until adulthood. The major complaints in unilateral choanal atresia are nasal stuffiness and rhinorrhea. On the other hand bilateral choanal atresia is a life threatening condition that causes airway problems, and so should be early diagnosed and treated. In our case report we represent a transnasal endoscopic approach on a 43 years old unilateral choanal atresia patient who was operated two times because of nasal stuffiness complaints, Koanal atrezi, 5-8 bin canlı doğumdan birinde saptanan en sık konjenital nazal anomalidir. Tek taraflı koanal atrezide semptomlar hafif olabilir ve erişkin yaşlara kadar tanısı gözden kaçabilir. Tek taraflı burun akıntısı ve burun tıkanıklığı genel şikayetleri oluşturur. İki taraflı olduğunda ciddi solunum sıkıntısına yol açabilen ve bu nedenle erken tanı konulması ve acil girişim gerektiren bir durumdur. Çalışmamızda 43 yaşında burun tıkanıklığı nedeniyle iki kez septoplasti ameliyatı olmuş ancak tek taraflı osseomembranöz tipte koanal atrezisi olan hastanın endoskopik transnasal cerrahi ile tedavisi sunulmuştur

BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to present a novel application and use of Kirschner wire-guided suturing that is less invasive and allows permanent fixation for nasal dorsal reconstruction. METHODS A total of 23 patients, who underwent surgery between 2009 and 2013, were included in this study: 19 with saddle nose deformity and 4 patients with keystone area damage, or collapse of the dorsal nasal support during primary septoplasty or rhinoplasty. The patients were asked to fill out a nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale preoperatively and at the postoperative sixth month to assess breathing quality. The patients were followed up for complications such as nasal dorsal contour irregularity, dorsal collapse, as well as graft malposition and infections. The results of the surgeries were assessed on the basis of preoperative and postoperative examinations, septal support test, NOSE scale results, and photographic comparison. RESULTS The mean (SD) NOSE scales were 78.91 (10.09) and 30.48 (10.71) in the preoperative and postoperative periods, respectively. The difference of mean NOSE scale was statistically significant (P < 0.001). None of the patients experienced nasal dorsal collapse or graft malposition. Two patients had nasal dorsal irregularity complaints owing to inadequate costal cartilage edge beveling. None of the patients had complications of suture reaction, suture visibility, or suture extrusion. All of the patients stated that they were happy with the cosmetic outcome. CONCLUSIONS Permanent sutures introduced through channels made with the Kirschner wire provide a less invasive, cosmetically pleasing, and functional solution, promising more reliable results in the long term.

WOS: 000412200600007, PubMed ID: 29392070, Objective: To assess approaches and experiences of otorhinolaryngologists in facial plastic and nasal surgery. Methods: In total, 234 surgeons (191 males and 43 females; average age, 37.22 +/- 8.4 years; age range, 26-63 years) were included. All participants were given a questionnaire comprising 22 multiple choice and closed-ended questions. All responses to the questionnaires were analyzed. Results: Of 234 participants, 42 (17.9%) were residents and 192 (82.1%) were specialists in otorhinolaryngology. The most challenging cases in rhinoplasty were crooked nose (33.8%), ideal nasal dorsum (18.8%), revision cases (13.2%), and skin deformities (11.1%). The photodocumentation rate by surgeons before and after procedures of facial plastic surgery was 86.3%, whereas the intraoperative photodocumentation rate by surgeons was 47%. The most common facial plastic surgery procedures other than rhinoplasty were otoplasty (68.4%), filler-Botox-fat injections (20.5%), and mentoplasty (18.4%). Conclusion: This survey study is quite important because it assesses approaches of otorhinolaryngologists in facial plastic surgery. Although this study provides more valuable data for determining the current status, further studies with larger number of surgeons are required.

DIZDAR, DENIZHAN/0000-0002-0991-2706; DIZDAR, DENIZHAN/0000-0002-0991-2706 WOS:000415085100099 PubMed: 28953161 In rhinoplasty patients radix position profoundly impacts the appearance of the nasal profile by influencing dorsal length, contour, angulation, and height. The authors wanted to introduce a new perspective to radix, and decided to focus on subcutaneous tissues, especially procerus muscle. Actually resection of procerus and corrugator supercilii is a part of browlift and endoscopic facelift techniques, with which the authors are already familiar. In this short report and video, the authors wanted to present a new technique to lower radix area. This technique is based on face anatomy, and muscles under radix area, and takes its roots from facelift techniques. Before introducing the authors' technique the authors wanted to show the effect of soft tissues on radix with lateral nasal x-rays. With this maneuver the soft tissue thickness of radix area is thinned.

Objectives Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), acting as superantigens, have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airway. There has been no previous study investigating the role of SEs in otitis media with effusion (OME). Therefore, this study was designed to analyze middle ear aspirates from children with and without OME for the presence of SEs. Methods Middle ear aspirates were obtained from 24 patients and 24 controls. All samples were processed for bacterial culture and detection of five staphylococcal SEs (SEA, SEB, SEC and SED) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 using the Rapid Latex Agglutination Test. Results In bacterial culture assays, six samples (25%) of the study group and five samples (20.8%) of the control group showed bacterial growth. At least one SE was demonstrated in 6 of 24 patients and in 3 of 24 controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to the presence of SEs. Conclusion Although there is evidence that SEs have a potential role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, there is no evidence that the inflammation process is initiated by SEs in patients with OME.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of closed reduction and the effects of the time of intervention on young patients' satisfaction. Patients older than 16 years and those with additional maxillofacial fractures were excluded. All patients were treated by closed reduction and external fixation. The patients and parents were asked about their satisfaction in a survey 6 months' postoperatively. They were divided into groups according to the time of intervention, and the results. Twenty-four patients, age range 4-16 years, with isolated nasal fractures were included in the study. The mean (SD) time before intervention was 5.5 (1.8) days. The first group comprised 16 patients whose fractures were reduced between days 1 and 5 after the injury, and the second the 8 whose fractures were reduced between days 6 and 10. At 6 months 15 of the 24 were satisfied with the result, and 9 were not. In the group treated between days 1-5, 12/16 were happy with the result, and in the group treated between days 6-10, 3/8 were satisfied. Closed reduction gives good results in the treatment of nasal fractures in children. Early intervention increases the rate of satisfaction. (C) 2013 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This study aims to focus on one of the lesser mentioned topics in discussions of aesthetic nose operations, the soft triangle. In addition to outlining the characteristics of the area, the various complications specific to the soft triangle are discussed along with methods and techniques utilized by the authors to avoid such complications. One hundred twenty-seven of 841 (15 %) patients who were assessed both preoperatively and intraoperatively for the presence of an anatomical issue of the soft triangle were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to their anatomical features that were identified intraoperatively. The preoperative and postoperative photographs of all patients were compared to assess the effects of the respective soft triangle grafts on both nostril length and the nostril/lobule harmony. The average follow-up time of the patients was 27 months (6–60). Postoperative notching (of various degrees) was found in six (6/127) total patients: one (1/31) patient in the first group, two (2/24) patients in the second group, and three (3/72) patients in the third group. Neglecting the soft triangle area might yield grim results in terms of cosmetic and functional aspects. To avoid these problems, incisions should be planned purposefully, and patients who have anatomically weak support should be identified so that additional precautions should be taken for these cases. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

WOS: 000347418800005 PubMed ID: 25422366 Halitosis and olfactory dysfunction may disrupt an individual's quality of life remarkably. One may ask whether halitosis has effects on olfactory functions or not? Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the olfactory abilities of subjects with chronic halitosis evaluated using the measurements of volatile sulfur compounds. This study was carried out in 77 subjects, with a mean age of 40.1 +/- 13.3 years, ranging from 18 to 65 years. Forty-three participants were diagnosed as halitosis according to the gas chromatography results and constituted the halitosis group. Also, a control group was created from individuals without a complaint of halitosis and also who had normal values for volatile sulfur compounds. Each subject's orthonasal olfactory and retronasal olfactory functions were assessed using "Sniffin' Sticks" and retronasal olfactory testing. The results showed that odor threshold scores were lower in participants with halitosis compared with controls. Also, hyposmia was seen more common in the halitosis group than in controls. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between odor threshold scores and volatile sulfur compounds levels, particularly with hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide levels. The results suggest that the chronic presence of volatile sulfur compounds may have a negative effect on olfactory function.

To compare the cellular viability of diced, crushed, and morselized cartilage used in nasal surgeries. In this study, cartilage was extracted from the ears of seven New Zealand rabbits and was subsequently either diced, crushed or morselized to an amorphous state, or left unmodified. The four types of grafts were then implanted in the back regions of the rabbits. After 3 months, the cellular viability from four groups was compared to a control group using confocal microscopy. Analysis of the data obtained from the enumeration of live cells showed no statistically significant difference between the unmodified graft group and the control group. The diced, crushed, and morselized cartilage groups did show a statistically significant difference in terms of live cell count with the highest number of live cells in diced cartilage group. A statistically significant decrease in live cell count was detected in crushed cartilage group. Our study shows that the viability of cells in diced cartilage grafts is greater than those in crushed or morselized cartilage grafts. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Sakarya Üniversitesi

There are many well-established methods for the reconstruction of the lower lip. The selection of a particular method generally relies on the amount of lip resected and the amount of lip remaining. In cases of large defects (>50 % of the lip length) where direct closure and lip-switch techniques are inadequate, a perioral flap is used. All techniques for perioral flaps described until now result in an unwanted decrease in circumoral opening. The only available method that keeps the circumoral opening the same is a distant or regional free flap, and this technique is usually reserved for more extreme defects because it is more radical, technically demanding, and can pose a greater risk of complications. In this study, we describe a novel technique for reconstruction of the lower lip using a perioral flap in which the circumoral opening is kept the same. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Patients with olfactory dysfunction benefit from repeated exposure to odors, so-called olfactory training (OT). This does not mean occasional smelling but the structured sniffing of a defined set of odors, twice daily, for a period of 4 months or longer. In this prospective study, we investigated whether the effect of OT might increase through the use of more odors and extension of the training period.This study shows OT results when performed with four or 12 odors for 36 weeks in patients with postinfectious olfactory dysfunction. A total of 85 subjects participated (mean age 45.6 ± 10.5 years, range 24-68 years). Three groups were formed: 1) In the modified olfactory training (MOT) group, patients used three sets of four different odors sequentially. 2) Participants in the classical odor training (COT) group used four odors. 3) Participants in the control group did not perform OT. All groups were matched for age and sex distribution of participants.Both participants in the COT and MOT groups reached better scores than controls in terms of odor discrimination and odor identification. Continuing OT with four different odors after the 12th and 24th weeks produced better results in terms of odor discrimination and odor identification scores as compared to using the same four odors throughout the entire study.This study confirmed the effectiveness of OT. Increasing the duration of OT and changing the odors enhances the success rate of this therapy.2b. Laryngoscope, 125:1763-1766, 2015.

As a graft material cartilage produces an excellent anatomical result with a low risk of re-perforation. However, there is a controversy among surgeons regarding its sound conduction properties, due to the thickness and stiffness of the cartilage. The aim of this study was to evaluate results of cartilage type I tympanoplasty and to compare anatomic and audiologic results in pediatric and adult patients. Patients with chronic otitis media who underwent cartilage type I tympanoplasty were evaluated retrospectively. Patient age, gender, pre and postoperative hearing levels, surgical technique and postoperative complications were recorded. Hearing outcomes of the patients were measured with tonal audiometry by comparing the pre and postoperative hearing threshold calculated at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Graft success rates and hearing outcomes of the pediatric and adult patients were compared. Of the 136 patients included in the study, 58 were male and 78 were female. The average age was 25.03. Forty-five patients were a parts per thousand currency sign16-year old and 91 patients were > 16-year old. Intact graft was determined in 41 of 45 pediatric patients and 85 of 91 adult patients at the last follow-up visit. The overall graft success rate was 92.6 %. The mean pre and postoperative pure-tone average was 34.8 +/- A 8.5 and 23.4 +/- A 9.1 dB in adult patients, and 30.6 +/- A 7.7 and 17.8 +/- A 7.8 dB in pediatric patients. Cartilage graft provides a quite satisfactory anatomical result and perfect stability. Hearing outcomes of cartilage tympanoplasty are also acceptable in both children and adult patients.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to measure the effect of the static reanimation operation administered to patients with facial paralysis on nasal function area by comparing patients' preoperative and postoperative subjective perception of the nasal airflow. MATERIALS AND METHOD We applied the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale to 13 patients who underwent static reanimation because of facial palsies, both preoperatively and postoperatively, and results were compared statistically. The changes in nasal base angulation were recorded and compared based on the photographs of patients taken before and after the surgery. RESULTS Following the static reanimation operation, 76% (10/13) of the patients reported a subjective improvement in the nasal airflow, whereas 24% (3/13) did not report any change. Mean preoperative and postoperative NOSE scale scores were 66.92 ± 9.90 and 36.15 ± 9.61, respectively. The change in mean NOSE scale score was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In the preoperative and postoperative comparison of the photographs taken from the front view of the patients, a decreased nasal base angulation compared with preoperative period was detected in 8 (61.6%) patients. CONCLUSIONS A statistically significant increase in subjective perception about nasal function was observed after the static facial reanimation; however, it is not certain whether this effect can be considered persistent. Long-term studies conducted on a larger patient population will provide beneficial results.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between nasal septal deviation and the middle turbinate hypertrophy using computed tomography. In this retrospective analysis, we examined 77 patients with nasal septal deviation. The mucosal and bone structures of the middle turbinate and the angle of the septum were measured using radiological analysis. Measurements of the middle turbinate on the convex side were compared to those on the concave side. Measurements of the bony and mucosal structure area of the middle turbinate were significantly greater than those on the concave side. The dimensions of medial mucosa thickness and bone thickness were not significantly different between the convex and concave sides. No significant correlation was found between the angle of deviation and other parameters. The present findings suggest that compensatory middle turbinate hypertrophy was caused both by conchal bone growth and mucosal hypertrophy in patients with nasal septal deviation.

Otoplasty, for prominent ear correction, is the most common aesthetic surgery procedure done in children. While the outcome often has a positive impact on the psychological state of the patient, the procedure itself does have associated complications that must be considered. Common complications include hematomas, infection, necrosis, outer ear canal stenosis, extrusion of sutures, insufficient correction, overcorrection, keloids, and hypertrophic scars. This is the first case report of facial nerve palsy as a complication following otoplasty. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Objective To evaluate long-term results of septal bone grafting and to show sustainable viability of bone grafts with objective parameters such as computed tomography. Methods Nasal septal bones were used as splinting grafts during septo/rhinoplasty operations in 27 patients (Male = 16; Female = 11) between 2009 and 2013. Of these, only the 21 patients who were monitored long-term and who had computed tomography (CT) records were included in this investigation. The average duration of monitoring for the patients reported here was 17 (12–37 months) months. Patients were excluded for the following reasons: pregnancy; morbid obesity; uncontrolled diabetes; long-term oral steroid or chemotherapeutic agent use; inflammatory, systemic or immunodeficiency disease or acute local infections at the operative site. Bone graft positions, lengths and respective resorption were evaluated and compared pre-postoperatively for each patient. Results Bone grafts retained 90% of their lengths in 14 of the 21 (66.6%) patients. In other cases, control computed sinus tomography showed four bone grafts at 80%, two grafts with 70%, and one graft retained 60% of the original lengths. None of the grafts showed resorption less than 50%. Conclusion Bone grafts are reliable grafts and can be used as an alternative to cartilage grafts.

GİRİŞ VE AMAÇ: Çalışmamızda kepçe kulak deformitesinin düzeltilmesi için uyguladığımız geleneksel yöntemler (G.Y.) ve perkütanöz sutur otoplasti yöntemini (P.S.O.Y.) operasyon süresi, etkinlik, rekürrens, komplikasyon oranı ve hasta memnuniyeti açısından karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Ocak 2010 - Nisan 2014 tarihleri arasında yaşları 5 ile 31 arasında değişen ve kepçe kulak deformitesine bağlı yakınlamalar ile polikliniğimize başvuran 74 hastada (37 bayan ve 37 erkek) toplam 145 kulak (71 bilateral ve 3 unilateral) aynı cerrah tarafından opere edildi. Hastalar uygulanan cerrahi tekniğe göre iki gruba ayrıldı. Geleneksel yöntem kullanılarak opere edilen 32 hasta birinci gruba (G.Y. grubu), perkütanöz sutur otoplasti yöntemi kullanılarak opere edilen 42 hasta ise ikinci gruba (P.S.O.Y. grubu) alındı. Aurikulosefalik mesafe 3 farklı noktadan preop ve postop 1.hafta 1. ay, 3. ay, 6. ay, 12. ayda ölçüldü. Hasta memnuniyeti vizuel analog skala (V.A.S.), Glaskow benefit inventory (G.B.İ.), Glaskow children benefit inventory (G.C.B.İ.), 5-likert type skale (L.T.S.) olmak üzere 4 farklı anket skalaları kullanılarak değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: İki grup arasında yaş ve cinsiyet bakımından istatistiksel olarak önemli fark bulunmadı. P.S.O.Y. ile opere edilen kulaklarda ortalama operasyon süresi, G.Y. ile opere edilen kulaklara göre istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede daha kısa bulundu (p