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PDF file - 469K, S1. Human epidermal keratinocytes fail to significantly express IL6 compared to HNSCC cells. S2. AHR ligands inhibit HN13 and HN2095 migration in agarose spot assay

This review provides an overview of the recent advances in heterogeneous catalysis using COFs, primarily from 2020 to 2023, covering the fundamentals, advantages, current challenges, and future perspectives.

Obesity is a significant public health concern, and finding safe and effective means for combating this condition is needed. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of supplementation of a blend of capsaicinoids on weight gain, fat mass, and blood chemistry in a high‐fat diet (HFD) model of obesity in mice and on adipocyte differentiation and gene expression in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. High‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice were treated with a proprietary capsaicinoid concentrate (Capsimax®; OmniActive Health Technologies Ltd., India) and compared to orlistat (ORL) and normal chow‐fed mice (NC). Mice fed a high‐fat diet showed significantly lower weight gain upon Capsimax® (CAP) administration than their HFD counterparts and similar to that observed with ORL animals. In addition, CAP decreased the high‐fat diet‐induced increases in adipose tissue and epididymal fat pad mass and hypertrophy after 52 days of treatment. Both the CAP and ORL groups had increased plasma concentrations of leptin. CAP extracts decreased triacylglycerol content in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and decreased markers of adipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR‐ɣ) and fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4). Expression of genes involved in lipogenesis such as stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) and fatty acid synthase (FSN) was decreased by CAP in a dose‐dependent manner. Thermogenic genes and markers of brown adipose tissue including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PR domain‐containing 16 (Prdm16) were induced by CAP in the preadipocyte cells. These in vivo and in vitro data support that this proprietary capsaicinoid concentrate reduces weight gain and adiposity at least in part through decreasing lipogenesis and increasing thermogenesis., The present study found that mice fed a high‐fat diet showed significantly lower weight gain upon CAP administration than their control counterparts. In addition, CAP decreased the high‐fat diet‐induced increases in fat mass and increased the circulating leptin levels. In support of these in vivo observations, CAP extracts decreased triacylglycerol content and affected gene expression consistent with increased thermogenesis and decreased lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes.

Early identification of behavioral risk markers for anxiety is essential to optimize long-term outcomes in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This study analyzed attentional avoidance and its relation to anxiety and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomatology during social and nonsocial fear conditions in toddlers with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Down syndrome (DS). Toddlers with FXS and DS exhibited increased nonsocial attentional avoidance relative to typically developing (TD) toddlers. Attentional avoidance was not related to anxiety symptom severity in any group; however, higher ASD symptom severity was related to more social attentional avoidance in the FXS and TD groups. Findings suggest that there may be different underlying mechanisms driving attentional avoidance across neurodevelopmental disorders.

A 67-year-old man presented to the vascular service with a Crawford extent I thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. He underwent open thoracoabdominal aortic replacement from just distal to the left subclavian artery to just proximal to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. His postoperative course was complicated by thoracic wall ischemia, resulting in a life-threatening defect of the chest wall that exposed lung parenchyma and the aortic graft. Successful microvascular soft tissue reconstruction was performed using an anterolateral thigh flap and arteriovenous loop. This is a case report of a large chest wall defect resulting from thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. This case highlights the feasibility of microvascular reconstruction techniques to repair even the largest defects. Keywords: Thoracoabdominal aneurysm, Thoracic wall reconstruction, Microsurgery

Background Social anxiety is highly prevalent in neurotypical children and children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). FXS is a genetic syndrome that is characterized by intellectual disability and an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder. If social anxiety is left untreated, negative outcomes are highly prevalent later in life. However, early detection of social anxiety is challenging as symptoms are often subtle or absent very early in life. Given the prevalence and impairment associated with childhood social anxiety, efforts have accelerated to identify risk markers of anxiety. A cluster of early features of anxiety have been identified including elevated behavioral inhibition, attentional biases, and physiological dysregulation that index early emerging markers of social anxiety. Infants with FXS provide a unique opportunity to study the earlier predictors of social anxiety. The current study utilized a multi-method approach to investigate early markers of social anxiety in 12-month-old infants with FXS. Method Participants included 32 infants with FXS and 41 low-risk controls, all approximately 12 months old. Parent-reported social behavioral inhibition was recorded from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ-R). Direct observations of behavioral inhibition and attention were measured during a stranger approach task with respiratory sinus arrhythmia collected simultaneously. Results Parent-reported social behavioral inhibition was not significantly different between groups. In contrast, direct observations suggested that infants with FXS displayed elevated behavioral inhibition, increased attention towards the stranger, and a blunted respiratory sinus arrhythmia response. Conclusions Findings suggest that infants with FXS show both behavioral and physiological markers of social anxiety at 12 months old using a biobehavioral approach with multiple sources of input. Results highlight the importance of a multi-method approach to understanding the complex early emergent characteristics of anxiety in infants with FXS.

Background The impact of comorbidity on the risk of revision in patients undergoing Total Knee arthroplasty (TKA) and Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is not currently well known. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of comorbidity on the risk of revision in TKA and THA. Methods Patients recorded in the Catalan Arthroplasty Register (RACat) between 01/01/2005 and 31/12/2016 undergoing TKA (n = 49,701) and THA (n = 17,923) caused by osteoarthritis were included. As main explanatory factors, comorbidity burden was assessed by the Elixhauser index, categorized, and specific comorbidities from the index were taken into account. Descriptive analyses for comorbidity burden and specific conditions were done. Additionally, incidence at 1 and 5 years’ follow-up was calculated, and adjusted Competing Risks models were fitted. Results A higher incidence of revision was observed when the number of comorbidities was high, both at 1 and 5 years for THA, but only at 1 year for TKA. Of the specific conditions, only obesity was related to the incidence of revision at 1 year in both joints, and at 5 years in TKA. The risk of revision was related to deficiency anemia and liver diseases in TKA, while in THA, it was related to peripheral vascular disorders, metastatic cancer and psychoses. Conclusions Different conditions, depending on the joint, might be related to higher revision rates. This information could be relevant for clinical decision-making, patient-specific information and improving the results of both TKA and THA.

The occurrence of induced earthquakes in crystalline rocks kilometres from deep wastewater injection wells poses questions about the influence nonconformity contacts have on the downward and lateral transmission of pore fluid pressure and poroelastic stresses. We hypothesize that structural and mineralogical heterogeneities at the sedimentary-crystalline rock nonconformity control the degree to which fluids, fluid pressure, and associated poroelastic stresses are transmitted over long distances across and along the nonconformity boundary. We examined the spatial distribution of physical and chemical heterogeneities in outcrops and whole-rock core samples of the great nonconformity in the midcontinent of the United States, capturing a range of tectonic settings and rock properties that we use to characterize the degree of historical fluid communication and the potential for future communication. We identify three end-member nonconformity types that represent a range of properties that will influence direct fluid pressure transmission and poroelastic responses far from the injection site. These nonconformity types vary depending on whether the contact is sharp and minimally altered, or if it is dominated by phyllosilicates or secondary non-phyllosilicate mineralization. We expect the rock properties associated with the presence or absence of secondary non-phyllosilicate mineralization and phyllosilicates to either allow or inhibit fractures to cross the nonconformity, thus impacting the permeability of the nonconformity zone. Our observations provide geologic constraints for modelling fluid migration and the associated pressure communication and poroelastic effects at large-scale disposal projects by providing relevant subsurface properties and much needed data regarding common alteration minerals that may interact readily with brines or reactive fluids.

The volume of total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasties (TKA) performed in a hospital per year could be an influential factor on the revision of these procedures. The aims of this study were: To obtain comparable cohorts in higher- and lower-volume hospitals, and to assess the association between the hospital volume and the incidence of revision. Data from patients undergoing THA and TKA caused by osteoarthritis and recorded in the Catalan Arthroplasty Register (RACat) between January 2005 and December 2016 were used. The main explanatory variable was hospital volume by year (higher/lower). The cut-off point was fixed, based on previous research, at 50 THA and 125 TKA procedures/year. To obtain comparable populations, a propensity-score matching method (1:1) was used. Patient characteristics prior to and after matching were compared. To assess differences by volume, subhazard ratios (SHRs) from competing risks models were obtained. After matching, 13,772 THA and 36,316 TKA patients remained in the study. Prior to matching, in both joints, significant differences in all confounders were observed between volume groups. After matching, none of them remained significant. Both in THA and TKA, a higher risk of revision in higher-volume hospitals was observed (THA SHR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.02&ndash, 1.53, and TKA SHR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.16&ndash, 1.44). Unlike other contexts, currently in Catalonia, higher-volume hospitals have a greater risk of revision than lower-volume hospitals. Further research could be valuable to define context-dependent measures to reduce the incidence of revision.

10584 Background: Tumor suppressing genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were discovered in 1990 and 1994, respectively, with mutations linked to hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndromes (HBOCs). The discovery of these mutations has led to screening of at-risk patient populations and their family members. Women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are generally recommended to have prophylactic bilateral mastectomies and oophorectomies to decrease their future risk of cancer. While the initial discovery mostly focused on cancers in women, research has shown that BRCA mutations increase the risk of other cancers such as prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer, that also affect men. Previous research suggests that men are three times less likely to receive genetic testing in cancer driven by a 10:1 disparity in HBOC genetic testing. This was thought to be due to the lack of information on the importance of HBOC testing along with social roles in health. We wanted to evaluate the magnitude of the potential gender gap in BRCA testing in men compared to women. Methods: This was an IRB-approved, single center retrospective study to evaluate the rate of referrals to genetics for BRCA testing. Eligible patients had a personal history of cancer meeting criteria for BRCA testing per NCCN recommendations. Chart review was performed for patients with ovarian cancer, female breast cancer 45 years and younger, female triple negative breast cancer 60 years and younger, metastatic prostate cancer, all male breast cancer that have made an office visit since 2017, and pancreatic cancer since 2019. Rates of referral for genetic testing was the primary outcome and the groups were compared via the Chi-Square test. Results: 1,320 patients were included in the study, of which 664 were men and 656 were women. 128/664 (19.3%) of men were referred to genetics for screening compared to 527/656 (80.3%) for women ( p

Background and Purpose: Peripheral nerve injuries can result from a multitude of causes including trauma, poor posture, and altered movement patterns. Adverse neural tension is a possible consequence to insult to the nervous system which can lead to dysfunction and fear avoidance behaviors. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the use of a multimodal approach in the physical therapy treatment of a patient who sustained an occupational upper extremity injury which resulted in adverse neural tissue tension of multiple peripheral nerves. Case Description: The patient was a 40- year-old female who sustained an injury to the second right metacarpophalangeal joint. Impairments included joint hypomobility, decreased muscle function, and movement system dysfunction. The patient was treated six times over a two-week period. Intervention: The physical therapy treatment administered to the patient included manual therapy, exercises focused on improving movement systems impairment, exercise focused on improving neural excursion, and patient education based on the biopsychosocial model. The treatments were focused on improving function of work-related activities to decrease disability to promote regular and full job duties. Outcomes: Outcome measures include the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire of Work and Physical Activity (FABQ-W and FABQ-PA, respectively), and the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH). After six visits there was an NPRS rating of 0/10 with rest and activity; the FABQ-W improved from 17/42 to 10/42; the FABQ-PA improved from 15/24 to 3/24; the QuickDASH improved from 22% symptom related disability to 9% and improved from 75% disability with work-related tasked to 0% disability. Discussion: Interventions of joints mobilization, neuromuscular reeducation using the movement systems approach, and concepts focused on the biopsychosocial approach were determined to be an integral combination in the patient’s successful return to full work-related duties.

BACKGROUND Kidney and liver transplant recipients must manage a complex care regimen after kidney transplant. Although the use of Web-based patient portals is known to improve patient-provider communication and health outcomes in chronic disease populations by helping patients manage posttransplant care, disparities in access to and use of portals have been reported. Little is known about portal usage and disparities among kidney and liver transplant recipients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine patient racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics associated with portal usage among kidney and liver transplant recipients. METHODS The study included all adult kidney and liver transplant recipients (n=710) at a large academic transplant center in the Southeastern United States between March 2014 and November 2016. Electronic medical record data were linked with Cerner portal usage data. Patient portal use was defined as any portal activity (vs no activity) recorded in the Cerner Web-based portal, including viewing of health records, lab results, medication lists, and the use of secure messaging. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to determine the patient demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics associated with portal usage, stratified by organ. RESULTS Among 710 transplant recipients (n=455 kidney, n=255 liver), 55.4% (252/455) of kidney recipients and 48.2% (123/255) of liver recipients used the patient portal. Black patients were less likely to use the portal versus white patients among both kidney (57% black vs 74% white) and liver (28% black vs 55% white) transplant recipients. In adjusted multivariable analyses, kidney transplant recipients were more likely to use the portal if they had higher education; among liver recipients, patients who were white versus black and had higher education were more likely to use the portal. CONCLUSIONS Despite studies showing that patient portals have the potential to benefit transplant recipients as a tool for health management, racial and socioeconomic disparities should be considered before widespread implementation. Transplant centers should include portal training and support to all patients to encourage use, given its potential to improve outcomes.

According to social cognitive theory, group cohesion and self-efficacy have been identified as important environmental and individual elements in students' physical activity. This study examined the correlations among group cohesion, exercise self-efficacy, perceived interest, and physical activity among 143 female college students ( M age = 21.2yr., SD = 4.2) enrolled in aerobics dance classes. Participants were recruited by researchers at the beginning of the semester. In the 6th wk., students completed a questionnaire measuring group cohesion construct. At the end of the 13th wk., a survey on self-efficacy, perceived interest, and physical activity measures was completed by the students. Multiple regression analyses indicated both exercise self-efficacy and task cohesion explained significant variance in students' physical activity; also, Individual Attraction to the Group-Task (ATG-T) accounted for 9.6% of the variance in exercise self-efficacy. The results suggest that enhancing group cohesiveness may promote competence beliefs, which could motivate students' participation in group activity programs.

The effectiveness and safety of shoulder arthroplasties in the general context of a Spanish patient population remains unclear. The aim of this study was to ascertain both the effectiveness and safety of primary shoulder arthroplasties and the prosthesis types used in Spain. A systematic review of all the available literature evaluating the effectiveness and safety of primary shoulder arthroplasties in Spain was performed. A narrative synthesis was performed, and evidence tables were created in four dimensions: study design, arthroplasty characteristics, safety, and effectiveness. Orthopaedic Data Evaluation Panel (ODEP) scores were used to evaluate prosthesis types. Twenty-one studies were selected that included a total of 1293 arthroplasties. The most common indication was fractures, while the prosthesis most frequently used was the Delta Xtend (ODEP 10A). The most common complication was scapular notching. Prosthesis revision rate was approximately 6% for follow-ups between 12 and 79 months. In addition, significant improvements were observed in the Constant–Murley test score after the intervention. Currently in Spain, shoulder arthroplasty can be considered a safe and effective procedure with functional recovery and pain reduction for eligible patients with humeral fracture, rotator cuff arthropathy, fracture sequelae and malunion of the proximal humerus, and degenerative disease. Future longitudinal research and population-based studies could serve to confirm these results and identify points of improvement.

IntroductionMonitoring the effectiveness of knee and hip arthroplasties could be useful at the clinical, economic, and patient levels. In Catalonia, there is currently no systematic monitoring of the different prostheses available. The aims of this study were to propose an approach for the systematic identification of knee and hip prostheses with the highest revision rates, and to identify those with the poorest outcomes.MethodsData recorded from January 2005 to December 2016 were considered from 53 out of the 61 public hospitals in Catalonia included in the Catalonian Arthroplasty Register (RACat). Specific prostheses were classified by joint, type, fixation, and, in total hip prostheses, the bearing surface. Prostheses with the worst outcomes were identified using a three-step approach, based on previous literature: (i) screening using Poisson models; (ii) comparison of prostheses using adjusted Cox models; and (iii) consensus-based review by a panel of orthopedic surgeons to detect possible sources of bias. After this process, selected prostheses were provisionally labeled as having the poorest outcomes. This process will be repeated periodically within the RACat to definitively classify the prostheses.ResultsAfter first two steps, ten knee prostheses and eight hip prostheses were identified. After the panel discussion (third step), one knee and one hip prosthesis were excluded from the final list. The knee prosthesis was excluded because it was a unicompartmental implant, while the hip prosthesis was excluded because it was a monoblock implant. Finally, nine knee prostheses and seven hip prostheses were provisionally identified as having the worst results relative to other available prostheses. These results await confirmation in subsequent analyses.ConclusionsThis study contributed to the current need to identify hip and knee prostheses whose outcomes might be worse than expected. This identification could have an impact at the patient, surgeon, industry, and stakeholder levels.

La mercantilización de los sistemas sanitarios públicos ha sido en las últimas décadas, un proceso creciente, con especial presencia en los sistemas sanitarios de cobertura universal y en países de renta alta como España. Hay sustanciales diferencias en los sistemas sanitarios de las diferentes comunidades autónomas del estado Español, entre las que Catalunya se caracteriza por tener un sistema sanitario mixto con complejas colaboraciones e interacciones entre los sectores sanitarios público y privado. Mediante un enfoque de revisión narrativa, este artículo aborda diversos aspectos del sistema sanitario catalán, caracterizando los procesos de privatización y mercantilización de la sanidad en Catalunya desde una perspectiva histórica, con especial atención a los cambios legislativos recientes y las medidas de austeridad. El artículo se aproxima, con respecto a la mercantilización, a los eventuales efectos de la misma y de las medidas de austeridad, en la salud de la población y en la estructura, la accesibilidad, la efectividad, la equidad y la calidad de los servicios sanitarios. Commodification of the public healthcare system has been a growing process in recent decades, especially in universal healthcare systems and in high-income countries like Spain. There are substantial differences in the healthcare systems of each autonomous region of Spain, among which Catalonia is characterized by having a mixed healthcare system with complex partnerships and interactions between the public and private healthcare sectors. Using a narrative review approach, this article addresses various aspects of the Catalan healthcare system, characterizing the privatization and commodification of health processes in Catalonia from a historical perspective with particular attention to recent legislative changes and austerity measures. The article approximates, the eventual effects that commodification and austerity measures will have on the health of the population and on the structure, accessibility, effectiveness, equity and quality of healthcare services.

Little research is available about youth with disabilities, who experience numerous inequalities in health outcomes compared with youth without disabilities. Youth with disabilities experience many environmental and attitudinal barriers in maintaining healthy lifestyles, which put them at risk for obesity. Strong evidence has suggested that obesity rates are higher among youth with disabilities than among their nondisabled peers. The purpose of this study was to implement and examine the benefits of a culturally tailored healthy lifestyles program for Latino youth with disabilities and their families. Several cultural adaptations were made to align with the target population’s cultural norms. Seventeen Latino families identified 67 behaviors they wanted to change or new habits they wanted to establish. The postassessment data showed that several family routines improved, and families reported engaging in many of the healthy habits they had identified for themselves. Implications of culturally appropriate and accessible programming are discussed.

We present fine mapping of a cis -acting nucleotide sequence found in the 5′ region of yellow fever virus genomic RNA that is required for RNA replication. There is evidence that this sequence interacts with a complementary sequence in the 3′ region of the genome to cyclize the RNA. Replicons were constructed that had various deletions in the 5′ region encoding the capsid protein and were tested for their ability to replicate. We found that a sequence of 18 nucleotides (residues 146 to 163 of the yellow fever virus genome, which encode amino acids 9 to 14 of the capsid protein) is essential for replication of the yellow fever virus replicon and that a slightly longer sequence of 21 nucleotides (residues 146 to 166, encoding amino acids 9 to 15) is required for full replication. This region is larger than the core sequence of 8 nucleotides conserved among all mosquito-borne flaviviruses and contains instead the entire sequence previously proposed to be involved in cyclization of yellow fever virus RNA.