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2. Review of technology-specific degradation in c-Si, CdTe, CIGS, dye sensitised, organic and perovskite solar cells in photovoltaic modules: Understanding how reliability improvements in mature technologies can enhance emerging technologies

Author

Kettle, Jeff, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, Ahmad, Shahzada, Fairbrother, Andrew, Irvine, Stuart, Jacobsson, Jesper, Kazim, Samrana, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Lamb, Dan, Lobato, Killian, Mousdis, Georgios, Oreski, Gernot, Reinders, Angele, Schmitz, Jurriaan, Yilmaz, Pelin, Theelen, Mirjam, Kettle, Jeff, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, Ahmad, Shahzada, Fairbrother, Andrew, Irvine, Stuart, Jacobsson, Jesper, Kazim, Samrana, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Lamb, Dan, Lobato, Killian, Mousdis, Georgios, Oreski, Gernot, Reinders, Angele, Schmitz, Jurriaan, Yilmaz, Pelin, and Theelen, Mirjam

Abstract

A comprehensive understanding of failure modes of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is key to extending their operational lifetime in the field. In this review, first, specific failure modes associated with mature PV technologies, such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe), are framed by sources of specific failure modes, their development from the early-developmental stages onwards and their impact upon long-term performance of PV modules. These failure modes are sorted by both PV technology and location of occurrence in PV modules, such as substrate, encapsulant, front and rear electrode, absorber and Interlayers. The second part of the review is focused on emerging PV technologies, such as perovskites solar cells, dye sensitised and organic PVs, where due to their low to medium technology readiness levels, specific long-term degradation mechanisms have not fully emerged and most mechanisms are only partially understood. However, an in-depth summary of the known stability challenges associated with each emerging PV technology is presented. Finally, in this paper, lessons learned from mature PV technologies are reviewed and considerations are given in to how these might be applied to the further development of emerging technologies. Namely, any emerging PV technology must eventually pass industry-standard qualification tests, while warranties for the life time of modern c-Si-based modules might be extended beyond the existing limit of 20 to 25 years.

Published
2022
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3. Review of technology specific degradation in crystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, dye sensitised, organic and perovskite solar cells in photovoltaic modules: Understanding how reliability improvements in mature technologies can enhance emerging technologies

Author

Kettle, Jeff, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, Ahmad, Shahzada, Fairbrother, Andrew, Irvine, Stuart, Jacobsson, Jesper, Kazim, Samrana, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Lamb, Dan, Lobato, Killian, Mousdis, G.E.O.R.G.I.O.S., Oreski, Gernot, Reinders, Angele, Schmitz, Jurriaan, Yilmaz, Pelin, Theelen, Mirjam, Kettle, Jeff, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, Ahmad, Shahzada, Fairbrother, Andrew, Irvine, Stuart, Jacobsson, Jesper, Kazim, Samrana, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Lamb, Dan, Lobato, Killian, Mousdis, G.E.O.R.G.I.O.S., Oreski, Gernot, Reinders, Angele, Schmitz, Jurriaan, Yilmaz, Pelin, and Theelen, Mirjam

Abstract

A comprehensive understanding of failure modes of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is key to extending their operational lifetime in the field. In this review, first, specific failure modes associated with mature PV technologies, such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe), are framed by sources of specific failure modes, their development from the early-developmental stages onwards and their impact upon long term performance of PV modules. These failure modes are sorted by both PV technology and location of occurrence in PV modules, such as substrate, encapsulant, front and rear electrode, absorber and interlayers. The second part of the review is focused on emerging PV technologies, such as perovskites solar cells, dye sensitised and organic PVs, where due to their low to medium technology readiness levels, specific long-term degradation mechanisms have not fully emerged, and most mechanisms are only partially understood. However, an in-depth summary of the known stability challenges associated with each emerging PV technology is presented. Finally, in this paper, lessons learned from mature PV technologies are reviewed, and considerations are given in to how these might be applied to the further development of emerging technologies. Namely, any emerging PV technology must eventually pass industry-standard qualification tests, while warranties for the lifetime of modern c-Si-based modules might be extended beyond the existing warranted life of 25 years.

Published
2022

5. Review of technology specific degradation in crystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, dye sensitised, organic and perovskite solar cells in photovoltaic modules: Understanding how reliability improvements in mature technologies can enhance emerging technologies

Author

Kettle, Jeff, primary, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, additional, Ahmad, Shahzada, additional, Fairbrother, Andrew, additional, Irvine, Stuart, additional, Jacobsson, Jesper J., additional, Kazim, Samrana, additional, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, additional, Lamb, Dan, additional, Lobato, Killian, additional, Mousdis, Georgios A., additional, Oreski, Gernot, additional, Reinders, Angele, additional, Schmitz, Jurriaan, additional, Yilmaz, Pelin, additional, and Theelen, Mirjam J., additional

Published
2022
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6. Multiscale in modelling and validation for solar photovoltaics

Author

Abu Hamed Tareq, Adamovic Nadja, Aeberhard Urs, Alonso-Alvarez Diego, Amin-Akhlaghi Zoe, Auf der Maur Matthias, Beattie Neil, Bednar Nikola, Berland Kristian, Birner Stefan, Califano Marco, Capan Ivana, Cerne Bostjan, Chilibon Irinela, Connolly James. P., Cortes Juan Frederic, Coutinho Jose, David Christin, Deppert Knut, Donchev Vesselin, Drev Marija, Ehlen Boukje, Ekins-Daukes Nicholas, Even Jacky, Fara Laurentiu, Fuertes Marron David, Gagliardi Alessio, Garrido Blas, Gianneta Violetta, Gomes Maria, Guillemoles Jean-Francois, Guina Mircea, Halme Janne, Hocevar Mateja, Jacak Lucjan, Jacak Witold, Jaksic Zoran, Joseph Lejo k., Kassavetis Spyridon, Kazukauskas Vaidotas, Kleider Jean-Paul, Kluczyk Katarzyna, Kopecek Radovan, Krasovec Ursa Opara, Lazzari Jean-Louis, Lifshitz Efrat, Loncaric Martin, Madsen Søren Peder, Vega Antonio Marti, Mencaraglia Denis, Messing Maria E., Armando Felipe Murphy, Nassiopoulou Androula G., Neijm Ahmed, Nemcsics Akos, Neto Victor, Pedesseau Laurent, Persson Clas, Petridis Konstantinos, Popescu Lacramioara, Pucker Georg, Radovanović Jelena, Rimada Julio C., Ristova Mimoza, Savic Ivana, Savin Hele, Sendova-Vassileva Marushka, Sengul Abdurrahman, Silva José, Steiner Ullrich, Storch Jan, Stratakis Emmanuel, Tao Shuxia, Tomanek Pavel, Tomić Stanko, Tukiainen Antti, Turan Rasit, Ulloa Jose Maria, Wang Shengda, Yuksel Fatma, Zadny Jaroslav, and Zarbakhsh Javad

Subjects
multi-scale modelling, solar cells, third generation photovoltaics, semiconductors, nano structures, device simulation, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830
Abstract

Photovoltaics is amongst the most important technologies for renewable energy sources, and plays a key role in the development of a society with a smaller environmental footprint. Key parameters for solar cells are their energy conversion efficiency, their operating lifetime, and the cost of the energy obtained from a photovoltaic system compared to other sources. The optimization of these aspects involves the exploitation of new materials and development of novel solar cell concepts and designs. Both theoretical modeling and characterization of such devices require a comprehensive view including all scales from the atomic to the macroscopic and industrial scale. The different length scales of the electronic and optical degrees of freedoms specifically lead to an intrinsic need for multiscale simulation, which is accentuated in many advanced photovoltaics concepts including nanostructured regions. Therefore, multiscale modeling has found particular interest in the photovoltaics community, as a tool to advance the field beyond its current limits. In this article, we review the field of multiscale techniques applied to photovoltaics, and we discuss opportunities and remaining challenges.

Published
2018
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10. Assessment of Patient Safety Culture Among Healthcare Professionals in Oman: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Author

Al-Zadjali, Zainab M., Awadh, Heba Ibrahim, Chan, Moon Fai, Al Sabei, Sulaiman Dawood, Al-Sariri, Qamra S., Aimaq, Ruhina, Gimono, Phiona, Al-Farsi, Yahya M., and Kazukauskas, Vaidotas

Abstract

Background:Patient safety (PS) is a worldwide concern affecting countries at all health system stages. Three million people die each year worldwide due to medical errors and unsafe care. Medical malpractice cases have increased in the Sultanate of Oman, although the reasons for this increase are poorly understood, and there are not many studies on PS. Aim:This study is aimed at assessing PS culture among healthcare professionals in Oman’s healthcare facilities. Methods:This cross‐sectional study used a national PS culture database maintained by the Directorate General of Quality Assurance at the Ministry of Health. The data was collected using a validated hospital survey on PS culture tool with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 in the English version which was distributed online to 1599 full‐time healthcare professionals in Oman; the response rate was 99%. A stratified random sampling technique was used. The study examined the relationship between items using t‐tests, chi‐squared tests, regression, and odds ratio. Results:Out of the 1599 healthcare professionals who participated in the study, 16 were excluded and only 1583 healthcare professionals were included; the majority 842 (53.2%) were working in nonprimary healthcare (non‐PHC). The global average proportion of reported adverse events’ positive response rates (PRRs) was significantly higher in the PHC group compared to the non‐PHC group (50.0% vs. 47.6%) (p< 0.04). Staffing (OR 1.55; 95% CI [1.24–1.93]), teamwork across units (OR 1.37; 95% CI [1.07–1.75]), and organizational learning (OR 1.26; 95% CI [1.02–1.57]) were significantly higher than other domains. The female group showed significantly higher PRR in “staffing” (OR 1.27; 95% CI [1.00–1.62]) (p< 0.05). Similarly, older age demonstrated higher PRR in “nonpunitive response to errors” (OR 1.28; 95% CI [1.05–1.57]) (p< 0.02), the nursing profession exhibited higher PRR in “communication openness” (OR 1.57; 95% CI [1.24–1.98]) (p< 0.001), and advanced work experience was significantly higher in “management support” (OR 1.30; 95% CI [1.07–1.60]) (p< 0.01). Conclusion:The study reports that primary healthcare professionals in Omani healthcare institutions have higher PRRs in critical PSC domains like teamwork, supervisor expectations, organizational learning, and staffing compared to non‐PHC professionals. They also scored highest in communication openness and management support. The study suggests interventions focusing on staffing adequacy, teamwork, and communication strategies can enhance PS culture among healthcare professionals.

Published
2025
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12. Stability of organic solar cells with PCDTBT donor polymer: An interlaboratory study - Erratum

Author

Ciammaruchi, Laura, Oliveira, Ricardo, Charas, Ana, Tulus, von Hauff, Elizabeth, Polino, Giuseppina, Brunetti, Francesca, Hansson, Rickard, Moons, Ellen, Krassas, Miron, Kakavelakis, George, Kymakis, Emmanuel, Sanchez, Jose G., Ferre-Borrull, Josep, Marsal, Lluis F., Zufle, Simon, Fluhr, Daniel, Roesch, Roland, Faber, Tobias, Schubert, Ulrich S., Hoppe, Harald, Bakker, Klaas, Veenstra, Sjoerd, Zanotti, Gloria, Katz, Eugene A., Apilo, Palvi, Romero, Beatriz, Tumay, Tulay Asli, Parlak, Elif, Stagno, Luciano Mule, Turkovic, Vida, Rubahn, Horst-Gunter, Madsen, Morten, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Tanenbaum, David M., Shanmugam, Santhosh, Galagan, Yulia, Ciammaruchi, Laura, Oliveira, Ricardo, Charas, Ana, Tulus, von Hauff, Elizabeth, Polino, Giuseppina, Brunetti, Francesca, Hansson, Rickard, Moons, Ellen, Krassas, Miron, Kakavelakis, George, Kymakis, Emmanuel, Sanchez, Jose G., Ferre-Borrull, Josep, Marsal, Lluis F., Zufle, Simon, Fluhr, Daniel, Roesch, Roland, Faber, Tobias, Schubert, Ulrich S., Hoppe, Harald, Bakker, Klaas, Veenstra, Sjoerd, Zanotti, Gloria, Katz, Eugene A., Apilo, Palvi, Romero, Beatriz, Tumay, Tulay Asli, Parlak, Elif, Stagno, Luciano Mule, Turkovic, Vida, Rubahn, Horst-Gunter, Madsen, Morten, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Tanenbaum, David M., Shanmugam, Santhosh, and Galagan, Yulia

Abstract

In Ciammaruchi et al.,1 the affiliation of Vida Turkovic, Horst-Gunter Rubahn, and Morten Madsen was erroneously changed during revision. The correct affiliation is as follows: Vida Turkovic, Horst-Gunter Rubahn, and Morten Madsen. SDU Nano SYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Sonderborg 6400, Denmark. The publisher regrets this error.

Published
2018
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13. Multiscale in modelling and validation for solar photovoltaics

Author

Abu Hamed, Tareq, Adamovic, Nadja, Aeberhard, Urs, Alonso Alvarez, Diego, Amin-Akhlaghi, Zoe, Maur, Matthias auf der, Beattie, Neil, Bednar, Nikola, Berland, Kristian, Birner, Stefan, Califano, Marco, Capan, Ivana, Cerne, Bostjan, Chilibon, Irinela, Connolly, James. P., Cortes Juan, Frederic, Coutinho, Jose, David, Christin, Deppert, Knut, Donchev, Vesselin, Drev, Marija, Ehlen, Boukje, Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas, Even, Jacky, Fara, Laurentiu, Fuertes Marrón, David, Gagliardi, Alessio, Garrido, Blas, Gianneta, Violetta, Gomes, María, Guillemoles, Jean François, Guina, Mircea, Halme, Janne, Hocevar, Mateja, Jacak, Lucjan, Jacak, Witold, Jaksic, Zoran, Joseph, Lejo K., Kassavetis, Spyridon, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Kleider, Jean Paul, Kluczyk, Katarzyna, Kopecek, Radovan, Krasovec, Ursa Opara, Lazzari, Jean-Louis, Lifshitz, Efrat, Loncaric, Martin, Madsen, Soren Peder, Martí Vega, Antonio, Mencaraglia, Denis, Messing, Maria E., Armando, Felipe Murphy, Nassiopoulou, Androula G., Neijm, Ahmed, Nemcsics, Akos, Neto, Victor, Pedesseau, Laurent, Persson, Clas, Petridis, Konstantinos, Popescu, Lacramioara, Pucker, Georg, Radovanovic, Jelena, Rimada, Julio C., Ristova, Mimoza, Savic, Ivana, Savin, Hele, Sendova-Vassileva, Marushka, Sengul, Abdurrahman, Silva, Jose, Steiner, Ullrich, Storch, Jan, Stratakis, Emmanuel, Tao, Shuxia, Tomanek, Pavel, Tomic, Stanko, Tukiainen, Antti, Turan, Rasit, Ulloa Herrero, Jose Maria, Wang, Shengda, Yuksel, Fatma, Zadny, Jaroslav, Zarbakhsh, Javad, Abu Hamed, Tareq, Adamovic, Nadja, Aeberhard, Urs, Alonso Alvarez, Diego, Amin-Akhlaghi, Zoe, Maur, Matthias auf der, Beattie, Neil, Bednar, Nikola, Berland, Kristian, Birner, Stefan, Califano, Marco, Capan, Ivana, Cerne, Bostjan, Chilibon, Irinela, Connolly, James. P., Cortes Juan, Frederic, Coutinho, Jose, David, Christin, Deppert, Knut, Donchev, Vesselin, Drev, Marija, Ehlen, Boukje, Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas, Even, Jacky, Fara, Laurentiu, Fuertes Marrón, David, Gagliardi, Alessio, Garrido, Blas, Gianneta, Violetta, Gomes, María, Guillemoles, Jean François, Guina, Mircea, Halme, Janne, Hocevar, Mateja, Jacak, Lucjan, Jacak, Witold, Jaksic, Zoran, Joseph, Lejo K., Kassavetis, Spyridon, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Kleider, Jean Paul, Kluczyk, Katarzyna, Kopecek, Radovan, Krasovec, Ursa Opara, Lazzari, Jean-Louis, Lifshitz, Efrat, Loncaric, Martin, Madsen, Soren Peder, Martí Vega, Antonio, Mencaraglia, Denis, Messing, Maria E., Armando, Felipe Murphy, Nassiopoulou, Androula G., Neijm, Ahmed, Nemcsics, Akos, Neto, Victor, Pedesseau, Laurent, Persson, Clas, Petridis, Konstantinos, Popescu, Lacramioara, Pucker, Georg, Radovanovic, Jelena, Rimada, Julio C., Ristova, Mimoza, Savic, Ivana, Savin, Hele, Sendova-Vassileva, Marushka, Sengul, Abdurrahman, Silva, Jose, Steiner, Ullrich, Storch, Jan, Stratakis, Emmanuel, Tao, Shuxia, Tomanek, Pavel, Tomic, Stanko, Tukiainen, Antti, Turan, Rasit, Ulloa Herrero, Jose Maria, Wang, Shengda, Yuksel, Fatma, Zadny, Jaroslav, and Zarbakhsh, Javad

Abstract

Photovoltaics is amongst the most important technologies for renewable energy sources, and plays a key role in the development of a society with a smaller environmental footprint. Key parameters for solar cells are their energy conversion efficiency, their operating lifetime, and the cost of the energy obtained from a photovoltaic system compared to other sources. The optimization of these aspects involves the exploitation of new materials and development of novel solar cell concepts and designs. Both theoreticalmodeling and characterization of such devices require a comprehensive view including all scales from the atomic to the macroscopic and industrial scale. The different length scales of the electronic and optical degrees of freedoms specifically lead to an intrinsic need for multiscale simulation, which is accentuated in many advanced photovoltaics concepts including nanostructured regions. Therefore, multiscale modeling has found particular interest in the photovoltaics community, as a tool to advance the field beyond its current limits. In this article, we review the field of multiscale techniques applied to photovoltaics, and we discuss opportunities and remaining challenges.

Published
2018

14. Long-term Relaxation of Photoconductivity in Cu1-xZnxInS2 solid solutions

Author

Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Novosad, Oleksiy, Vainorius, Neimantas, Bozhko, Volodymyr, Sakavicius, Andrius, Kozer, Vasyl, Janonis, Vytautas, and Bozhko, Neonila

Subjects
релаксація, фотопровідність, центри рекомбінації, solid solutions, relaxation, recombination centers, тверді розчини, photoconductivity
Abstract

На основі уявлень про рівні прилипання проаналізовано результати досліджень релаксації фотопро- відності твердих розчинів n-Cu1-xZnxInS2 в інтервалі температур 30–100 К. Показано, що в Cu1-xZnxInS2 має місце довготривала релаксація фотопровідності (101–103 с), яка контролюється s та r-центрами рекомбінації. Визначена глибина залягання рівнів прилипання становила ~0,1–0,2 еВ.; Photoconductivity kinetics in CuInS2–ZnIn2S4 solid solutions has been studied. An effect of long-term relaxation processes (~101–103 s) at T≈27–100 К was revealed. Data on photoconductivity relaxation are analyzed in terms of attachment levels. Here the nonequilibrium conductivity relaxation kinetic of CuInS2–ZnIn2S4 solid solution corresponds to the case of the exponential recombination. The main parameters characterizing the photoconductivity kinetic were determined. It is shown that as the temperature increases, the relaxation time of the slow component and fast component decreases. The contribution of the slow component also decreases whereas fast component increases. It is shown that relaxation of photoconductivity is controlled by multicenter recombination in which both «fast» and «slow» recombination centers participate.

Published
2013

15. RD50 Status Report 2008 - Radiation hard semiconductor devices for very high luminosity colliders

Author

Balbuena, Juan Pablo, Bassignana, Daniela, Campabadal, Francesca, Díez, Sergio, Fleta, Celeste, Lozano, Manuel, Pellegrini, Giulio, Rafí, Joan Marc, Ullán, Miguel, Creanza, Donato, De Palma, Mauro, Fedele, Francesca, Manna, Norman, Kierstead, Jim, Li, Zheng, Buda, Manuela, Lazanu, Sorina, Pintilie, Lucian, Pintilie, Ioana, Popa, Andreia-Ioana, Lazanu, Ionel, Collins, Paula, Fahrer, Manuel, Glaser, Maurice, Joram, Christian, Kaska, Katharina, La Rosa, Alessandro, Mekki, Julien, Moll, Michael, Pacifico, Nicola, Pernegger, Heinz, Goessling, Claus, Klingenberg, Reiner, Weber, Jens, Wunstorf, Renate, Roeder, Ralf, Stolze, Dieter, Uebersee, Hartmut, Cihangir, Selcuk, Kwan, Simon, Spiegel, Leonard, Tan, Ping, Bruzzi, Mara, Focardi, Ettore, Menichelli, David, Scaringella, Monica, Breindl, Michael, Eckert, Simon, Köhler, Michael, Kuehn, Susanne, Parzefall, Ulrich, Wiik, Liv, Bates, Richard, Blue, Andrew, Buttar, Craig, Doherty, Freddie, Eklund, Lars, Bates, Alison G, Haddad, Lina, Houston, Sarah, James, Grant, Mathieson, Keith, Melone, J, OShea, Val, Parkes, Chris, Pennicard, David, Buhmann, Peter, Eckstein, Doris, Fretwurst, Eckhart, Hönniger, Frank, Khomenkov, Vladimir, Klanner, Robert, Lindström, Gunnar, Pein, Uwe, Srivastava, Ajay, Härkönen, Jaakko, Lassila-Perini, Katri, Luukka, Panja, Mäenpää, Teppo, Tuominen, Eija, Tuovinen, Esa, Eremin, Vladimir, Ilyashenko, Igor, Ivanov, Alexandr, Kalinina, Evgenia, Lebedev, Alexander, Strokan, Nikita, Verbitskaya, Elena, Barcz, Adam, Brzozowski, Andrzej, Kaminski, Pawel, Kozlowski, Roman, Kozubal, Michal, Luczynski, Zygmunt, Pawlowski, Marius, Surma, Barbara, Zelazko, Jaroslaw, de Boer, Wim, Dierlamm, Alexander, Frey, Martin, Hartmann, Frank, Zhukov, Valery, Barabash, L, Dolgolenko, A, Groza, A, Karpenko, A, Khivrich, V, Lastovetsky, V, Litovchenko, P, Polivtsev, L, Campbell, Duncan, Chilingarov, Alexandre, Fox, Harald, Hughes, Gareth, Jones, Brian Keith, Sloan, Terence, Samadashvili, Nino, Tuuva, Tuure, Affolder, Anthony, Allport, Phillip, Bowcock, Themis, Casse, Gianluigi, Vossebeld, Joost, Cindro, Vladimir, Dolenc, Irena, Kramberger, Gregor, Mandic, Igor, Mikuž, Marko, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zontar, Dejan, Gil, Eduardo Cortina, Grégoire, Ghislain, Lemaitre, Vincent, Militaru, Otilia, Piotrzkowski, Krzysztof, Kazuchits, Nikolai, Makarenko, Leonid, Charron, Sébastien, Genest, Marie-Helene, Houdayer, Alain, Lebel, Celine, Leroy, Claude, Aleev, Andrey, Golubev, Alexander, Grigoriev, Eugene, Karpov, Aleksey, Martemianov, Alxander, Rogozhkin, Sergey, Zaluzhny, Alexandre, Andricek, Ladislav, Beimforde, Michael, Macchiolo, Anna, Moser, Hans-Günther, Nisius, Richard, Richter, Rainer, Gorelov, Igor, Hoeferkamp, Martin, Metcalfe, Jessica, Seidel, Sally, Toms, Konstantin, Hartjes, Fred, Koffeman, Els, van der Graaf, Harry, Visschers, Jan, Kuznetsov, Andrej, Sundnes Løvlie, Lars, Monakhov, Edouard, Svensson, Bengt G, Bisello, Dario, Candelori, Andrea, Litovchenko, Alexei, Pantano, Devis, Rando, Riccardo, Bilei, Gian Mario, Passeri, Daniele, Petasecca, Marco, Pignatel, Giorgio Umberto, Bernardini, Jacopo, Borrello, Laura, Dutta, Suchandra, Fiori, Francesco, Messineo, Alberto, Bohm, Jan, Mikestikova, Marcela, Popule, Jiri, Sicho, Petr, Tomasek, Michal, Vrba, Vaclav, Broz, Jan, Dolezal, Zdenek, Kodys, Peter, Tsvetkov, Alexej, Wilhelm, Ivan, Chren, Dominik, Horazdovsky, Tomas, Kohout, Zdenek, Pospisil, Stanislav, Solar, Michael, Sopko, Vít, Sopko, Bruno, Uher, Josef, Horisberger, Roland, Radicci, Valeria, Rohe, Tilman, Bolla, Gino, Bortoletto, Daniela, Giolo, Kim, Miyamoto, Jun, Rott, Carsten, Roy, Amitava, Shipsey, Ian, Son, SeungHee, Demina, Regina, Korjenevski, Sergey, Grillo, Alexander, Sadrozinski, Hartmut, Schumm, Bruce, Seiden, Abraham, Spence, Ned, Hansen, Thor-Erik, Artuso, Marina, Borgia, Alessandra, Lefeuvre, Gwenaelle, Guskov, J, Marunko, Sergey, Ruzin, Arie, Tylchin, Tamir, Boscardin, Maurizio, Dalla Betta, Gian - Franco, Gregori, Paolo, Piemonte, Claudio, Ronchin, Sabina, Zen, Mario, Zorzi, Nicola, Garcia, Carmen, Lacasta, Carlos, Marco, Ricardo, Marti i Garcia, Salvador, Minano, Mercedes, Soldevila-Serrano, Urmila, Gaubas, Eugenijus, Kadys, Arunas, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Sakalauskas, Stanislavas, Storasta, Jurgis, and Vidmantis Vaitkus, Juozas

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Abstract

The objective of the CERN RD50 Collaboration is the development of radiation hard semiconductor detectors for very high luminosity colliders, particularly to face the requirements of a possible upgrade scenario of the LHC.This document reports the status of research and main results obtained after the sixth year of activity of the collaboration.

Published
2010

22. RD50 status report 2006: Radiation hard semiconductor devices for very high luminosity colliders

Author

Balbuena, Pablo, Campabadal, Francesca, Diez, Sergio, Lozano, Manuel, Pellegrini, Giulio, Rafi, Joan Marc, Ullan, Miguel, Ambrico, Marianna, Creanza, Donato, Palma, Mauro, Ligonzo, Teresa, Manna, Norman, Radicci, Valeria, Schiavulli, Luigi, Kierstead, Jim, Li, Zheng, Cavallini, Anna, Buda, Manuela, Lazanu, Sorina, Pintilie, Lucian, Pintilie, Ioana, Popa, Andreia-Ioana, Lazanu, Ionel, Collins, Paula, Gill, Karl Aaron, Glaser, Maurice, Hoedlmoser, Herbert, Joram, Christian, Moll, Michael, Wright, Victoria, Gossling, Claus, Klingenberg, Reiner, Weber, Jens, Wunstorf, Renate, Roder, Ralf, Stolze, Dieter, Uebersee, Hartmut, Adey, James, Blumenau, A., Coutinho, J., Eberlein, T., Fall, C., Goss, J., Hourahine, B., Jones, Robert, Pinho, N., Coluccia, Rita, Kwan, Simon, Sellberg, Greg, Borchi, Emilio, Bruzzi, Mara, Focardi, Ettore, Lagomarsino, Stefano, Macchiolo, Anna, Menichelli, David, Miglio, Stefania, Scaringella, Monica, Sciortino, Silvio, Tosi, Carlo, Eckert, Simon, Ehrich, Thies, Kuehn, Susanne, Parzefall, Ulrich, Bates, Richard, Blue, Andrew, Bussey, Peter, Craig Buttar, Cunningham, William, Doherty, Freddie, Eklund, Lars, Fleta, Celeste, Bates, Alison G., Haddad, Lina, James, Grant, Mathieson, Keith, Melone, J., O Shea, Val, Parkes, Chris, Pennicard, David, Saavedra, Aldo, Buhmann, Peter, Contarato, Devis, Fretwurst, Eckhart, Honniger, Frank, Lindstrom, Gunnar, Pein, Uwe, Stahl, Jorg, Harkonen, Jaakko, Lassila-Perini, Katri, Luukka, Panja, Nysten, Jukka, Tuominen, Eija, Tuovinen, Esa, Eremin, Vladimir, Ilyashenko, Igor, Ivanov, Alexander, Kalinina, Evgenia, Lebedev, Alexander, Strokan, Nikita, Verbitskaya, Elena, Barcz, Adam, Brzozowski, Andrzej, Kaminski, Pawel, Kozlowski, Roman, Kozubal, Michal, Luczynski, Zygmunt, Nossarzewska-Orlowska, Elzbieta, Surma, Barbara, Zabierowski, Piotr, Boer, Wim, Furgeri, Alex, Hartmann, Frank, Zhukov, Valery, Barabash, L., Dolgolenko, A., Groza, A., Karpenko, A., Khivrich, V., Lastovetsky, V., Litovchenko, P., Polivtsev, L., Brodbeck, Timothy John, Campbell, Duncan, Chilingarov, Alexandre, Hughes, Gareth, Jones, Brian Keith, Sloan, Terence, Koski, Miia, Leinonen, Kari, Palviainen, Tanja, Tuuva, Tuure, Allport, Philip, Biagi, Stephen, Bowcock, Themis J. V., Casse, Gianluigi, Vossebeld, Joost, Cindro, Vladimir, Dolenc, Irena, Kramberger, Gregor, Mandic, Igor, Mikuz, Marko, Zavrtanik, Marko, Assouak, Samia, Forton, Eric, Gregoire, Ghislain, Lemaitre, Vincent, Militaru, Otilia, Piotrzkowski, Krzysztof, Rodeghiero, Pierre, Kazuchits, Nikolai, Makarenko, Leonid, Charron, Sebastien, Genest, Marie-Helene, Houdayer, Alain, Lebel, Celine, Leroy, Claude, Golovin, Victor, Grigoriev, Eugene, Karpov, Aleksey, Kazakov, Sergey, Martemianov, Alexander, Rogozhkin, Sergey, Zaluzhny, Alexandre, Andricek, Ladislav, Moser, Hans-Gunther, Richter, Rainer Helmut, Wei, Qingyu, Gorelov, Igor, Hoeferkamp, Martin, Metcalfe, Jessica, Seidel, Sally, Vataga, Elena, Hartjes, Fred, Koffeman, Els, Graaf, Harry, Visschers, Jan, Alfieri, Giovanni, Johansen, Klaus M. H., Kuznetsov, Andrej, Monakhov, Edouard, Svensson, Bengt G., Bisello, Dario, Candelori, Andrea, Khomenkov, Vladimir, Litovchenko, Alexei, Pantano, Devis, Rando, Riccardo, Bilei, Gian Mario, Passeri, Daniele, Petasecca, Marco, Pignatel, Giorgio Umberto, Borrello, Laura, Dutta, Suchandra, Messineo, Alberto, Segneri, Gabriele, Popule, Jiri, Sicho, Petr, Tomasek, Michal, Vrba, Vaclav, Broz, Jan, Dolezal, Zdenek, Kodys, Peter, Tsvetkov, Alexej, Wilhelm, Ivan, Chren, Dominik, Horazdovsky, Tomas, Kohout, Zdenek, Linhart, Vladimir, Pospisil, Stanislav, Solar, Michael, Sopko, Vit, Sopko, Bruno, Uher, Josef, Horisberger, Roland, Rohe, Tilman, Bolla, Gino, Bortoletto, Daniela, Giolo, Kim, Miyamoto, Jun, Rott, Carsten, Roy, Amitava, Shipsey, Ian, Son, Seunghee, Boisvert, Veronique, Demina, Regina, Korjenevski, Sergey, Tipton, Paul, Grillo, Alexander, Sadrozinski, Hartmut, Schumm, Bruce, Seiden, Abraham, Spencer, Ned, Dawson, Ian, Dervan, Paul, Hansen, Thor-Erik, Artuso, Marina, Guskov, J., Marunko, Sergey, Ruzin, Arie, Tylchin, Tamir, Fizzotti, Franco, Garino, Yiuri, Lo Giudice, Alessandro, Manfredotti, Claudio, Boscardin, Maurizio, Dalla Betta, Gian Franco, Gregori, Paolo, Piemonte, Claudio, Pozza, Alberto, Ronchin, Sabina, Zen, Mario, Zorzi, Nicola, Garcia, Carmen, Gonzalez-Sevilla, Sergio, Lacasta, Carlos, Marti I Garcia, Salvador, Minano, Mercedes, Gaubas, Eugenijus, Kadys, Arunas, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Sakalauskas, Stanislavas, Storasta, Jurgis, and Vaitkus, Juozas Vidmantis

23. Review of technology-specific degradation in c-Si, CdTe, CIGS, dye sensitised, organic and perovskite solar cells in photovoltaic modules: Understanding how reliability improvements in mature technologies can enhance emerging technologies

Author

Kettle, Jeff, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, Ahmad, Shahzada, Fairbrother, Andrew, Irvine, Stuart, Jacobsson, Jesper, Kazim, Samrana, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Lamb, Dan, Lobato, Killian, Mousdis, Georgios, Oreski, Gernot, Reinders, Angele, Schmitz, Jurriaan, Yilmaz, Pelin, and Theelen, Mirjam

Subjects
damp heat-stability, pv modules, reliability, solar photovoltaic modules, spiro-ometad, long-term stability, photovoltaics, stress, thermal-degradation, solar cells, ch3nh3pbi3 perovskite, halide perovskites, fault-detection, power degradation, wearout, snail trails, energy payback time, climate, degradation
Abstract

A comprehensive understanding of failure modes of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is key to extending their operational lifetime in the field. In this review, first, specific failure modes associated with mature PV technologies, such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe), are framed by sources of specific failure modes, their development from the early-developmental stages onwards and their impact upon long-term performance of PV modules. These failure modes are sorted by both PV technology and location of occurrence in PV modules, such as substrate, encapsulant, front and rear electrode, absorber and Interlayers. The second part of the review is focused on emerging PV technologies, such as perovskites solar cells, dye sensitised and organic PVs, where due to their low to medium technology readiness levels, specific long-term degradation mechanisms have not fully emerged and most mechanisms are only partially understood. However, an in-depth summary of the known stability challenges associated with each emerging PV technology is presented. Finally, in this paper, lessons learned from mature PV technologies are reviewed and considerations are given in to how these might be applied to the further development of emerging technologies. Namely, any emerging PV technology must eventually pass industry-standard qualification tests, while warranties for the life time of modern c-Si-based modules might be extended beyond the existing limit of 20 to 25 years.

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