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To investigate the real-world dose of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of non-infectious uveitis (NIU) in Japan.A retrospective, observational study.Patients newly registered at the Japan Medical Data Center health insurance claims database with a diagnosis of NIU who received systemic corticosteroids were identified, and their systemic corticosteroid dose (prednisolone equivalent) was assessed over 12 months of treatment (data extraction period: January 2008 to May 2017).The mean cumulative systemic corticosteroid dose in 12 months in 1641 new patients with NIU who received systemic corticosteroids was 593.7 mg. The mean systemic corticosteroid dose was highest at month 1 (10.7, 218.1, 16.7, and 23.0 mg/day in Behçet's disease [BD]-associated NIU [n = 19], Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada [VKH] disease-associated NIU [n = 49], sarcoidosis-associated NIU [n = 27], and "undifferentiated NIU" [NIU without specific primary disease information, n = 1545], respectively) and decreased over time. Systemic corticosteroids were prescribed at month 12 to 68.4%, 22.4%, 44.4%, and 5.6% of patients with BD-associated NIU, VKH disease-associated NIU, sarcoidosis-associated NIU, and undifferentiated NIU, respectively (mean dose, 6.0-14.3 mg/day). Multivariate regression analysis identified female sex, middle age (30 to 40 years), VKH disease, and immunosuppressive agent use as background factors associated with higher systemic corticosteroid dose.The systemic corticosteroid dose was highest at month 1 and decreased over time in all disease categories. This database research revealed that some patients with NIU continued being prescribed systemic corticosteroids for at least 1 year.

To estimate the nationwide, longitudinal prevalence and incidence rates and assess treatment patterns of non-infectious uveitis (NIU) in Japan. A retrospective study. Health insurance claims’ data of patients with NIU were extracted from the Japan Medical Data Center (JMDC) database and analyzed descriptively (data extraction period, January 2011 to May 2017). Behcet’s disease (BD), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, and sarcoidosis were selected as the primary diseases of NIU. From 2011 to 2016, the mean and median age of patients increased. Most (> 90%) patients were categorized as “undifferentiated NIU” (NIU without specific primary disease information after excluding BD-, VKH disease-, and sarcoidosis-associated NIU). Over 60% of patients with NIU were treated at non-hospital clinics, while the rest were treated at university, public, or other hospitals. The estimated prevalence rate of NIU was 386.5 per 100,000 persons (95% confidence interval [CI], 374.5–398.6) in 2011 and 439.3 per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 432.3–446.3) in 2016; the estimated incidence rate was 189.7 per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 181.2–198.5) in 2012 and 207.8 per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 202.2–213.5) in 2016. Most patients’ prescribed uveitis drugs were ophthalmic drops over the first 6 months after patient presentation and entry into the JMDC database, followed by systemic corticosteroids. The estimated prevalence of NIU in Japan in recent years was approximately 400 with incidence of 200 per 100,000 persons.

Background/Aims: The safety and effectiveness of adalimumab was demonstrated in a phase 3 trial in Japanese patients with intestinal Behcet’s disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in Japa nese patients with intestinal Behcet’s disease. Methods: This prospective, all-case, post-marketing study was conducted at 254 centers in Japanese patients with intestinal Behcet’s disease receiving adalimumab. The primary endpoint was incidence of adverse drug reactions. Effectiveness endpoints included global improvement rating and change in C-reactive protein levels. Results: Of the 473 registered patients, 462 and 383 included in the safety and effectiveness populations were administered adalimumab for a mean of 515.3 and 579.5 days, respectively. Overall, 395 patients (85.5%) received adalimumab at the recom mended dose. Adverse drug reactions and serious adverse drug reactions were reported in 120 (25.97%) and 51 (11.04%) pa tients, respectively. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was significantly higher in patients with comorbidities (P

Non-infectious uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease or sarcoidosis is commonly treated with systemic corticosteroids (SCS). We assessed the use of SCS for non-infectious uveitis relapses in Japanese clinical practice.Multicenter, retrospective chart review (UMIN Clinical Trial Registry; UMIN000032390).One hundred fifty-seven patients (15- ≤ 75 years; 103 VKH disease, 54 sarcoidosis) given SCS to treat a relapse of non-infectious intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis accompanying VKH disease or sarcoidosis were studied (August 2011-December 2018). SCS dose and duration, concomitant medications, subsequent relapses, and steroid-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were analyzed for 12 months after target relapse treatment. Relationships between background factors and total SCS dose were analyzed (logistic regression).Mean (± SD) total SCS dose over 12 months after target relapse treatment was 3874 ± 2775 mg, and was higher in patients with immunosuppressants than in those without (4575 mg vs 3496 mg). Immunosuppressant use was the only factor significantly associated with higher total SCS dose (p = 0.0196). Mean duration of SCS treatment for relapse was 318.7 ± 89.3 days. Only 29.3% of patients were steroid-free after 12 months; the percentage was higher in patients without immunosuppressants (36.3% vs 16.4%). Subsequent relapse was experienced by 39.5% of patients, and 13.4% had a steroid-related ADR (mostly glaucoma or diabetes).In Japanese clinical practice, many patients with recurrent uveitis accompanying VKH disease or sarcoidosis received SCS for relapse for ≥ 300 days, suggesting that reducing corticosteroids is challenging in patients with difficulty suppressing inflammation.

Objectives: This real-world study assessed the effectiveness and safety outcomes of initiating adalimumab and methotrexate (≥12 mg/week) with adjustable dosing in Japanese patients with early rheum...

Objectives: To investigate the long-term effectiveness, safety, and methotrexate (MTX) dose-tapering patterns in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving adalimumab plus high-dose MTX.Meth...

The purpose of this paper was to define the late postoperative pulmonary circulation and cardiac and liver functions after a modified Fontan operation by radionuclide studies. Eleven patients (5 with single ventricle and 6 with double outlet right ventricle) underwent a modified Fontan operation using a RA-PA anastomosis. These 11 patients ranging in age from 7 to 42 years (mean 17±10 years) were examined at 4.7–12.1 years (mean 8.6±2.4 years) postoperatively and compared with studies in 10 normal adults. Pulmonary circulation, cardiac function and liver excreting function were determined by intravenous administration of Tc-MAA, Tc-PYP, and Tc-PMT, respectively. No extrapulmonary radioactivity was detected by Tc-MAA lung perfusion in patients. Although the cardiac diastolic function of the patients remained normal, the systolic functions (EF=46.4±7.8%, 1/3EF=11.2±4.4%, PER=1.93±0.54/sec) of the patients were significantly decreased compared with those of normal controls (EF=54.7±4.7%, 1/3EF=21.7±2.1%, PER=2.91±0.4/sec), respectively. The mean level of MTT of the patients (9.4±2.7 minutes) was also significantly prolonged compared with that of normal controls (6.1±4.4 minutes). Some of these deteriorated parameters clearly related to higher age at operation and length of intervals since operation. These data suggest that the earlier surgical intervention by the Fontan operation is desired for the complex congenital cardiac anomalies.

The sanitization potency of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on pure cultures of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) was evaluated. The potency was compared with that of strong acidic electrolyzed water (StAEW) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. SAEW (ca. pH 5.8 and 21 mg/l available chlorine concentration; ACC) resulted into >5 log 10 CFU/ml reduction of E. coli and S. aureus after 90 s of exposure. The relative bacterial reduction potency at each exposure time was in the order StAEW > NaOCl > SAEW and increased with exposure time, with relative effect being 90 s > 60 s > 30 s. The results indicate that SAEW with low ACC and near neutral pH can potentially sanitize E. coli and S. aureus within a short period of exposure presenting a potential replacement to NaOCl solution commonly used in the food industry.

This paper discusses the mechanism to realize the possibility of both walking and running by a single robot, made by a combined mechanism of linkages and actuators. This linkage mechanism has actuators below the number of joints; therefore, it enables to reduce the weight of the robot. This study aims at realizing the four-legged locomotion by controlling the phase to manipulate the legs made by linkage mechanism. First, this paper shows the designing of leg mechanism with effective linkage systems. Additionally, the kinematics simulator is developed and the performance of the prototype is tested. As a result, the effectiveness of these linkage systems has been confirmed, though some issues were found.

Tamoxifen therapy may result in a variety of endometrial proliferative lesions, including adenofibroma and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). This report describes the MR findings of adenofibroma and ESS associated with tamoxifen therapy. When MRI demonstrates a uterine mass appearing as a heterogeneous mass in the endometrium or myometrium, adenofibroma and ECC must be considered as rare, but possible, diagnoses.

The objective of this study was to determine the dielectric properties of soy sauce, in the 0.3–3 GHz frequency range at temperatures from 5 to 70 °C. The dielectric properties of soy sauce were analyzed theoretically with the Cole–Cole relation and including the effect of ionic conductivity. The important parameters such as relaxation wavelength, static component of the dielectric constant and ionic conductivity, were determined and tabulated for various conditions. The average standard errors for dielectric constant and loss factor were 1.61 and 5.62, respectively. Dielectric loss factor was related empirically to frequency with the average standard error of 1.17. Penetration depth was estimated under various conditions and it ranged from 0.12 to 0.85 cm. The dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency, concentration and temperature for soy sauce. The loss factor decreased with increasing frequency because of decreasing the effect of ionic conductivity.

Presently, the diagnosis of virus infections is based mainly on serological assays. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been increasingly used for the diagnosis of such viral infections, the risk of transfusion-transmitted blood-borne viruses remains. Furthermore, PCR and ELISA are expensive and time-consuming, and sometimes cause falsepositive or false-negative results. Therefore, a rapid, accurate and cost-effective diagnostic procedure is needed. We subjected plasma from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), as well as plasma from uninfected individuals as a control to near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which may provide a rapid diagnostic method for HIV-1 infection without using any reagent. NIR spectra in the 600-1,000 nm region for plasma from pre-serologically HIV-1-infected individuals and healthy donors were subjected to partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis and leave-out cross-validation to develop a multivariate model to estimate the concentration of HIV-1. Simultaneously, the same plasma samples were examined for HIV-1 p24 by ELISA. The results obtained by the NIR spectroscopy model for HIV-1 yielded a good correlation with those obtained by the reference method (HIV-1 p24 ELISA). These results suggest that NIR spectroscopy using plasma could provide a rapid, accurate, cost-effective tool for large-scale diagnosis of HIV-1 infection.

Soft X-ray images were recorded using a super metal image intensifier camera to detect foreign materials in foods, and were analyzed by a computer with an image processor. The basic characteristics of the soft X-ray image were determined using a vinyl chloride and acrylic plate. Steel screws, aluminum rivets, staples, aluminum foil, glass and plastic fragments in a loaf of bread and a hamburger steak were identified, as well as a grasshopper under cabbage leaves. In the original soft X-ray image, it was possible to detect metallic and non-metallic foreign materials more than 1mm in size except for plastic fragments. However, as the original images of the bread and hamburger steak were not clear, it was not easy to detect such foreign materials visually. The unsharped masking treatment of a soft X-ray image was used to detect foreign materials in foods, and various image treatments were applied to detect the grasshopper under the cabbage leaves. The method is believed to be widely applicable for identifying the various kinds of foreign materials and foods.

A continuous soft X-ray system with a semi-conductor detector was used to detect foreign materials in food samples. Basic properties of transmitted and reflected soft X-ray for some metallic and non-metallic materials were measured using the Si-PIN sensor equipped with a multi-channel analyzer. Soft X-ray spectra in photon energy were obtained for copper, galvanized iron, acrylic, vinyl chloride and glass of different thickness as foreign materials in foods. This detecting system was capable of analyzing intensities of transmitted and reflected X-rays at each energy level in the broadband. The reflected soft X-ray spectra were found to have characteristic spectrum curves for each sample. In order to detect acrylic, vinyl chloride and glass in a hamburger patty, the reflected soft X-ray spectra were analyzed and this technique was found to have the potential for more sensitive detection of foreign materials. The detecting system using properties of transmitted and reflected X-rays at each energy level is considered to be valid for non-metallic foreign materials.

The chlorine loss of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water was examined during storage under different light, agitation, and packaging conditions. The chlorine loss of pH-adjusted EO water was also examined. Under open conditions, the chlorine loss through evaporation followed first-order kinetics. The rate of chlorine loss was increased about 5-fold with agitation, but it was not significantly affected by diffused light. Under closed conditions, the chlorine loss did not follow first-order kinetics, because the primary mechanism of chlorine loss may be self-decomposition of chlorine species rather than chlorine evaporation. The effect of diffused light was more significant compared to agitation after two months of storage under closed conditions. The chlorine loss of EO water and commercial chlorinated water decreased dramatically with the increase of pH from the acidic (pH 2.5) to the alkaline (pH 9.0) region.

食品のマイクロ波加熱過程における殺菌・抑菌効果を動的に予測するためのソフトウェアを開発した.本ソフトは3次元熱移動と菌体の滅菌速度式を基礎としている.基礎方程式を数値解析法により解き,鶏胸肉のマイクロ波加熱過程におけるSalmonella sp.およびListeria innocuaの生存曲線を動的に予測した.ソフトウェアのプログラム開発はVisual Basic言語(Microsoft Co.)により行い,直方体の大きさ・加熱条件に関する情報を入力することで殺菌完了時間,冷点温度を計算して,これらの結果を表示する仕組みとなっている.本研究は,コンピュータ計算による食品の熱殺菌評価を行う上での指針となるものであり,食品のマイクロ波加熱殺菌装置設計支援ツール開発の一助となる成果である.

PURPOSE: To compare magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the detection of mucin-producing pancreatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed MRCP and ERCP images obtained in 28 patients with mucin-producing pancreatic tumors. Detectability of the pancreatic duct and its branches, intraductal cystic lesions, and intracystic nodules or septa was assessed. RESULTS: MRCP depicted cystic dilated ductal branches significantly better than did ERCP (P < .001). The difference in the number of nodules or septa detected with MRCP compared with ERCP was not significant. MRCP, however, simultaneously showed not only the main pancreatic duct but also the cystic lesions; this was not always possible with ERCP. CONCLUSION: MRCP appears to be more effective and less invasive than ERCP to evaluate changes in the size and extent of tumors and to determine if new lesions appear, as well as to follow up mucin-producing panc...

Most laryngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas account for < 1% of cancers of the larynx. Among them, mucoepidermoid carcinoma is extremely rare and there is little agreement about the treatment of this carcinoma. We encountered one patient with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bilateral vocal cords (T1bN0M0, Stage 1). For this, most investigators recommended a surgical procedure. However, because of his old age, the early stage and low grade of histopathology, we treated this patient with radiotherapy alone, delivered by accelerated hyperfractionation, which is a more effective strategy for treating radioresistant tumors than conventional irradiation. Following radiotherapy, the tumor disappeared and the patient has been alive and well for more than six years. An old patient with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx was successfully treated with radiotherapy alone.

Background: To correlate the imaging and pathological features and to discuss therapeutic modalities and the prognosis of malignant lymphoma originating in the parotid gland, which is relatively rare. Methods: The subjects were five patients with malignant lymphoma originating in the parotid gland. Three andtwopatients were stage I andstage II, respectively. CTexamination wasapplied to all, whereas onlyonecase was examined by MRI. All weretreated with radiotherapy following surgery or chemotherapy. Three patients underwent combination chemotherapy, such as with MACOP-P or VEPA, following surgery. Results: Although malignant lymphoma originating intheparotid gland is histologically described as low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, twoandoneofthecases were classified as intermediate andhigh grade inthe present series, respectively. These three exhibited a tendency for infiltration intothe adjacent tissue andtumorinhomogeneity intheimaging findings, suggesting a correlation with histologically intermediate or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It was successfully controlled by radiotherapy, with dosages ranging from 40 to 44 Gy. Thepatients werefollowed for 2-8 years. Norelapse wasfound in the three patients with stage I. However, bothstage II patients hadrelapses andwere subjected to additional radiotherapy combined withchemotherapy. Since then, no tumor relapse has been noted at eitherthis or othersites. Conclusions: Malignant lymphoma including intermediate or highgrade originating intheparotid gland indicated satisfactory prognosis following radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

This report clarifies the prognostic factors for survival in localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the head and neck and defines optimal regimens for this disease. One hundred-seven untreated patients with Stage I or II NHL of the head and neck were treated with involved field radiation therapy for orbital, nasal, or paranasal lymphoma and extended field radiation for Waldeyer's ring or neck lymphoma. Radiation doses were 39-48 Gy. In the latter half of the study, adjuvant chemotherapy was administered. Of 107 patients, 95 achieved complete response (CR). Of the 12 patients that did not achieve CR, 9 had nasal T-cell lymphoma (NTL) of the lethal midline granuloma type (LMG-NTL). Only one patient who obtained CR relapsed in a previously irradiated area. Age, sex, stage, bulky mass, number of involved sites, LMG-NTL, histologic subtypes, radiation dose, and adriamycin dose were analyzed for prognostic significance for disease-specific survival in NHL by multivariate analysis. LMG-NTL was the most significant prognostic factor (P0.001). Patients with higher age also experienced a higher relative risk than patients ofor =60 years of age (P = 0.0063). Dose of adriamycin reached the borderline significance (P = 0.0600). Radiotherapy is excellent for obtaining local control of head and neck NHL. Randomized trials are required to determine the appropriate radiation field and dose in patients previously treated with chemotherapy. LMG-NTL and age were the significant prognostic factors for disease-specific survival.

The male pelvic organs and the rhabdosphincter were visualized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in five young male volunteers (mean age, 25.6 years). The prostate was crescent-shaped in three subjects and doughnut-shaped in two subjects. The external urethral sphincter (EUS) was located anterior to and lateral to the urethra but was rare on the rectal side. The membranous urethral length measured 28-35 mm (average, 31.0 mm). The pubourethral portion of the levator ani embraced the urinary bladder, the prostate, and the membranous urethra, and the most distal portion of the levator was thickened. During anal contraction, the EUS became thinner on both coronal and sagittal images and the levator was approximated closer to the urethra. Consequently, the prostate and the bladder base were elevated and the membranous urethra was elongated by 0-12mm (average, 5.6 mm). On sagittal images, the prostate, the membranous urethra, and the rectum were pulled closer to the pubic bone by anal contraction and the retropubic area became narrower. This study clearly demonstrated that MRI was useful in examining the anatomical configuration of the male pelvic floor and its dynamic movement during anal contraction.

透過X線画像と画像処理を組み合わせることによって,飲料容器内に混入する異物検出の可能性について検討し,以下の知見を得た.(1) 肉厚で吸収性の高いガラス製のビンであっても軟X線領域のX線はある程度透過し,画像処理のために必要な輝度差をあらわすことができた.(2) 透過X線原画像中の容器と異物との輝度差を利用して閾値処理するだけでは異物の検出はできなかったが,円筒状の容器であれば1次微分フィルタによって画像を処理して輝度差の強調を行うことで閾値処理による検出が可能であった.(3) 容器が円筒状である場合に異物が付着する位置によって検出困難となる計測上の問題点があったが,容器を回転させながら計測すれば解決可能であった.

イチゴ果実の通風冷却試験を行い,果実内部の経時的・空間的温度変化を有限要素法により解析するとともに,冷風の速度(空塔速度)と有効熱伝達係数との関係について調べ,次の知見を得た.(1) 有限要素法により解析した,冷却時の果実内部の経時的・空間的温度変化は果実の中心および果実表皮部の温度変化の実測値とよく一致し,同解析方法が妥当であることが明らかになった.(2) 有限要素法により決定した有効熱伝達係数は,空塔速度の関数となり,その関係は次式で示される.h=-3.97v2+55.3v+50.0ここで,hは有効熱伝達係数(kJ/m2・h・K)およびvは空塔速度(m/s)である.

Chemical contamination in river, ground water and sea was investigated from 1988 to 1992. Water and sediment samples collected in Tokyo area were analyzed by GC/MS, GC and HPLC. Over 40 chemicals were detected in water and/or sediment. Several distribution patterns of chemicals were observed in water and sediment media. In ground water, high levels of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected. Water and sediment samples from industrial area contained higher concentrations of chemicals than those from urban area. Pesticides and combustion products were observed in wide area. Contamination levels of each chemical in water and sediment samples indicated to be dependent on the physico-chemical property as well as the emission amount.

Artificial arm is one of the most important robotic applications for persons who lost their original arm by accident or disease, but it is difficult to realize the real motion of human by the conventional artificial arm. This paper describes new anthropomorphic hand that consists of the operation unit and holding part and achieves the flexible motion by the passive warped fingertip. The operation unit is made by the index finger, middle finger and thumb, and each finger contains three degrees of freedom. In this paper, the prototype of robot hand was tested its motion, and confirmed some tool manipulation.

One hundred thirty previously untreated patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue received interstitial radiotherapy with curative intent using cesium needles. Ninety-nine patients were treated with interstitial radiotherapy alone and 31 patients received interstitial radiotherapy combined with external beam irradiation. The recurrence-free rates in the primary lesions were 94.4% (17/18) in T1, 91.2% (52/57) in T2, and 70.9% (22/31) in T3 lesions. The local recurrence-free rates with single-plane and two-plane implantation were good: 89.7% (70/78) and 85.7% (12/14), respectively. The rate of 64.2% (9/14) for volume implantation was significantly poorer (p0.05). It is evident that tumor volume is an important factor in the control of cancer following interstitial therapy. The overall incidence of ulceration of the tongue and mandibular complication was 20% (26/130) and 13% (17/130), respectively. Using both interstitial and external radiotherapy, the incidence was 22.5%, compared with 10.1% using interstitial radiotherapy alone. The mandibular complication incidence of 8.9% with single-plane implants was much lower than 20.8% for two-plane and 23.5% for volume implants. Interstitial radiotherapy is most suitable in T1 and T2 cases in which single-plane implantation is possible; for these patients interstitial radiotherapy, which has the advantage of preserving the structure and function of the tongue, should continue to be used in the future in spite of the progress in reconstructive surgery.

In the current study, the effectiveness of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on an in vitro inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella spp. was evaluated and compared with other sanitizers. SAEW (pH 5.6, 23mg/l available chlorine concentration; ACC; and 940mV oxidation reduction potential; ORP) was generated by electrolysis of dilute solution of HCl (2%) in a chamber of a non-membrane electrolytic cell. One milliliter of bacteria suspension (ca. 10-11 log(10)CFU/ml) was mixed with 9ml of SAEW, strong acidic electrolyzed water (StAEW; ca. 50mg/l ACC), sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl; ca.120mg/l ACC) and distilled water (DW) as control and treated for 60s. SAEW effectively reduced the population of E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella spp. by 5.1, 4.8, and 5.2 log(10)CFU/ml. Although, ACC of SAEW was more than 5 times lower than that of NaOCl solution, they showed no significant bactericidal difference (p0.05). However, the bactericidal effect of StAEW was significantly higher (p0.05) than SAEW and NaOCl solution in all cases. When tested with each individual test solution, E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella spp. reductions were not significantly different (p0.05). These findings indicate that SAEW with low available chlorine concentration can equally inactivate E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella spp. as NaOCl solution and therefore SAEW shows a high potential of application in agriculture and food industry as an environmentally friendly disinfection agent.

Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) of the uterus, a rare manifestation of malignant lymphoma, was diagnosed in a 71-year-old woman, who had fever, edema, and genital bleeding. Only 4 cases of uterine IVL have been reported in detail in the literature in English, to the author’s knowledge. The patient was treated with total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, accompanied by subsequent chemotherapy in combination with rituximab. Preoperative endometrial cytology and biopsy showed atypical lymphocytes intermingled with nonneoplastic epithelial cells. Intravascular proliferation of atypical lymphocytes was detected by histological examination of the resected materials, in which almost the entire uterine structure, including a large endometrial polyp, ovaries, and uterine tubes were involved. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for CD20 and CD79a and negative for CD5 and CD10. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus was negative. IVL generally has a poor prognosis. However, in the present case, the patient has been disease free for at least 51 months, and a favorable outcome can be expected.