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Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck malignancy. The oncometabolites have been studied in OSCC, but the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming remains unclear. To identify the potential metabolic markers to distinguish malignant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue from adjacent healthy tissue and study the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming in OSCC. We compared the metabolites between cancerous and paracancerous tissues of OSCC patients by 1HNMR analysis. We established OSCC derived cell lines and analyzed their difference of RNA expression by RNA sequencing. We investigated the metabolism of γ-aminobutyrate in OSCC derived cells by real time PCR and western blotting. Our data revealed that much more γ-aminobutyrate was produced in cancerous tissues of OSCC patients. The investigation based on OSCC derived cells showed that the increase of γ-aminobutyrate was promoted by the synthesis of glutamate beyond the mitochondria. In OSCC cancerous tissue derived cells, the glutamate was catalyzed to glutamine by glutamine synthetase (GLUL), and then the generated glutamine was metabolized to glutamate by glutaminase (GLS). Finally, the glutamate produced by glutamate-glutamine-glutamate cycle was converted to γ-aminobutyrate by glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2). Our study is not only benefit for understanding the pathological mechanisms of OSCC, but also has application prospects for the diagnosis of OSCC.

Constructing single atom catalysts with fine-tuned coordination environments can be a promising strategy to achieve satisfactory catalytic performance. Herein, via a simple calcination temperature-control strategy, CeO2 supported Pt single atom catalysts with precisely controlled coordination environments are successfully fabricated. The joint experimental and theoretical analysis reveals that the Pt single atoms on Pt1/CeO2 prepared at 550 °C (Pt/CeO2-550) are mainly located at the edge sites of CeO2 with a Pt-O coordination number of ca. 5, while those prepared at 800 °C (Pt/CeO2-800) are predominantly located at distorted Ce substitution sites on CeO2 terrace with a Pt-O coordination number of ca. 4. Pt/CeO2-550 and Pt/CeO2-800 with different Pt1-CeO2 coordination environments exhibit a reversal of activity trend in CO oxidation and NH3 oxidation due to their different privileges in reactants activation and H2O desorption, suggesting that the catalytic performance of Pt single atom catalysts in different target reactions can be maximized by optimizing their local coordination structures.

Based on the 60 mm artillery grenade, a slow-release structure was designed to reduce the severity of ammunitions response to accidental thermal stimulation and improve the thermal stability of ammunitions. The slow-release structure was made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and connected the fuse and the projectile body through internal and external threads. To study the safety of the slow-release structure under artillery launching overload, mechanical analysis of the slow-release structure was simulated via finite element analysis (FEA). The impacts of various factors (e.g., fuse mass, number of threads, and nominal diameter of internal threads of the slow-release structure) on the connection strength of the slow-release structure were studied. A strength-prediction model based on the fuse mass and internal thread parameters was established by fitting the maximum effective stress of the slow-release structure. This led to good prediction results. In conclusion, this study provides references and theoretical support for the design of thermal protection structures insensitive to ammunition.

Objective: To solve the subjectivity and instability of the traditional Baijiu picking method " liquor-receiving according to liquor hop", and the problem that the existing machine vision hops classification method is difficult to meet the real-time classification. Methods: The lightweight YOLOv5 takes YOLOv5s as the initial model, uses the K-mean clustering anchor box to replace the default anchor box to improve the model detection accuracy and stability, uses the shufflenetv2 network to replace the YOLOv5s backbone network for feature extraction, so as to achieve the purpose of lightweight model, and adds the CBAM attention mechanism to make the model pay more attention to the characteristics of hops. Results: Compared with the initial YOLOv5s model, the memory occupied by the lightweight YOLOv5 model is reduced by 92.5%, the parameters are reduced by 93.7%, the calculation is reduced by 63.4%, the detection accuracy is improved by 2.8%, and the FPS is up to 526. Conclusion: The lightweight YOLOv5 reduces the requirements for hardware configuration and can well realize the real-time detection and classification of hops.

Purpose – This research studies the behavior choice of key actors in the construction supply chain and constructs a model which includes the benefit function of the government, contractors and owners, aiming at improving the coverage of green buildings. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, tripartite dynamic game is studied and simulated based on duplicate dynamic equation. The tripartite game under government intervention is rarely considered, and government punishment measures are seldom introduced into the research. Findings – According to the simulation results, the practical insights in line with the development of green supply chain are put forward. Rewards and punishments affect the development of the supply chain. New technologies and new materials accelerate the development of green supply chain and then improve the coverage of green buildings. Research limitations/implications – This paper constructs a dynamic model based on complete information rationality, which is difficult to realize in practice, for information is incomplete and human rationality is limited. Originality/value – In fact, the government has not issued a punishment document to introduce a new variable adjustment model.

CeO2-supported Pt single atoms with different coordination environments exhibit distinct behaviors in reactant adsorption/activation and product desorption, thus showing different catalytic performance for various catalytic oxidation reactions.

Abstract Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. M2 macrophage polarization can reduce inflammation and repair tissue injury during AR development. Studies have substantiated the involvement of miRNAs in AR pathogenesis. Herein, the molecular mechanism of miR‐214‐3p in AR development was explored. To mimic the AR environment, ovalbumin (OVA) was used to treat macrophages. MiR‐214‐3p and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) expression in nasal mucus tissues and macrophages was assessed by RT‐qPCR. The M2 phenotypic signature of CD206 in macrophages was assessed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of GSK3B and M2 macrophage markers (ARG‐1 and IL‐10) was evaluated by western blotting. The correlation between miR‐214‐3p and GSK3B was validated by a luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR‐214‐3p was overexpressed in macrophages and nasal mucus tissues from AR patients. MiR‐214‐3p facilitated M2 polarization of macrophages upon OVA stimulation. Mechanistically, miR‐214‐3p targeted the GSK3B 3′ untranslated region in macrophages. In addition, GSK3B was downregulated in macrophages and nasal mucus tissues from AR patients. In rescue assays, GSK3B downregulation reversed the inhibitory effects of miR‐214‐3p silencing on M2 polarization of macrophages treated with OVA. Overall, miR‐214‐3p facilitates M2 macrophage polarization by targeting GSK3B.

BackgroundThe high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) score is an important component of the severity and prognosis score of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (SPSP). However, the HRCT score in SPSP only considers the extent of opacity, which is insufficient.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated HRCT scores for 231 patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP) from three centers of the China Alliance for Rare Diseases. The SPSPII was created based on the overall density and extent, incorporating the SPSP. The severity of APAP patients was assessed using disease severity scores (DSS), SPSP, and SPSPII to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the different assessment methods. We then prospectively applied the SPSPII to patients before treatment, and the curative effect was assessed after 3 months.ResultsThe HRCT overall density and extent scores in our retrospective analysis were higher than the extent scores in all patients and every original extent score severity group, as well as higher related to arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) than extent scores. The mild patients accounted for 61.9% based on DSS 1–2, 20.3% based on SPSP 1–3, and 20.8% based on SPSPII 1–3. Based on SPSP or SPSPII, the number of severe patients deteriorating was higher in the mild and moderate groups. When applied prospectively, arterial PaO2 differed between any two SPSPII severity groups. The alveolar-arterial gradient in PaO2 (P[A-a]O2), % predicted carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung (DLCO), and HRCT score were higher in the severe group than in the mild and moderate groups. After diagnosis, mild patients received symptomatic treatment, moderate patients received pure whole lung lavage (WLL) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) therapy, and severe patients received WLL and GM-CSF therapy. Importantly, the SPSPII in mild and severe groups were lower than baseline after 3 months.ConclusionThe HRCT density and extent scores of patients with APAP were better than the extent score. The SPSPII score system based on smoking status, symptoms, PaO2, predicted DLCO, and overall HRCT score was better than DSS and SPSP for assessing the severity and efficacy and predicting the prognosis.Trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov, identifier: NCT04516577.