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Apostasia fujianica Y.Li & S.Lan, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) (Dz×ffi±) Type:— CHINA. Fujian (Dz×): Zhangzhou (dzffl), Zhaoan (DZae), Wushan Scenic Spot, deep soils on the slope of evergreen broadleaved forests, elev. 752 m, 117°10′43″ E, 23°51′48″ N, 2021.6.20, Ma 2021 (holotype: FAFU!). This new species is similar to A. shenzhenica but can be distinguished by its narrowly ovate leaves, 1.5–2.0 × 1.0– 1.5 cm with a 0.8–1.0 mm long apicule. The inflorescences are 0.8–1.7 cm long with 8–11 flowers. The flowers are not fully open, cleistogamous and have similar sepals and petals, each with a 0.2 mm long apicule. The inner margins of two anthers are connivent to form a Solanum -like anther arrangement with one stigma and cavity and cylindrical fruits. Terrestrial herbs, 3–5 cm tall. Rhizomes bearing many rootlets, tubers scattered along the roots, 3-4 mm in diameter, globular. Stems erect, lignified, not branched, 2-3 mm in diameter, multinodal, with a cylindrical sheath 8–10 mm long, the upper part of the sheath with 3–8 leaves. Leaves ovate, 1.5–2.0 × 1.0– 1.5 cm, apex acute, the base contracted into a 6–8 mm long stalk, stalk base dilated and clasping the stem. Panicle arising from stem apex, arching, 0.8–1.7 cm long, 8–11-flowered; bracts ovate, 2–3 mm long; pedicel and ovary 0.8–1.2 cm long; flowers green-yellow, not fully opening, cleistogamous, 0.4–0.6 cm in diameter; sepals 3, similar to each other, narrowly oblong, 5.0–6.0 × 1.5–2.0 mm, central portion with a keeled protrusion that elongates into a 0.2 mm apicule; petals 3, similar to the sepals; basal part of stamen 3 fused with style to a form a cylindrical column, 2.0– 2.5 mm long; a subquadrate nectary, 0.8× 0.8 mm, the upper portion of column slightly longitudinally sulcate; fertile stamens 2, each with a 0.8 mm free filament; anthers narrowly-elliptic, 3.0–4.0 × 1.5–1.8 mm, the two apices equal, clasping the style and staminode below, each bilocular with powdery pollen; staminode opposite dorsal sepal, fused with and shorter than the style, apex fully separated from upper part of style; style 1.8–2.2 mm long, shorter than anthers, stigma 1, with a cavity. Berry-like fruits are long, cylindrical, green, 0.9–1.0 cm long and 1.8–2.2 mm in diameter. Distribution and habitat:— Terrestrial in loose, rocky soil in broad-leaved forest at an elevation of approximately 600–800 m in Fujian Province, China. Phenology:— Flowering June–July, fruiting June–February. Conservation status:— Only one population has been located, consisting of no more than 50 individuals. This site is not in a protected area, and using the IUCN (2012) guidelines, A. fujianica should be considered critically endangered. Etymology:— Referring to the province where this new species was found., Published as part of Li, Yuanyuan, Ma, Liang, Liu, Ding-Kun, Zhao, Xue-Wei, Zhang, Diyang, Ke, Shijie, Chen, Gui-Zhen, Zheng, Qinyao, Liu, Zhong-Jian & Lan, Siren, 2023, Apostasia fujianica (Apostasioideae, Orchidaceae), a new Chinese species: evidence from morphological, genome size and molecular analyses, pp. 277-284 in Phytotaxa 583 (3) on pages 281-283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.583.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7621490, {"references":["IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 3.1, second edition. Gland and Cambridge, 30 pp."]}

A new orchid species, Cymbidium purpureisepalum, from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular analyses. Detailed comparison of the newly discovered orchid with other members of Cymbidium indicated the new orchid is distinct from all other recognised species in Cymbidium. Molecular analyses based on nuclear (nrITS) and plastid DNA (matK) sequence data also support the status of C. purpureisepalum as a new species, which is sister to C. tortisepalum and C. serratum.

Cymbidium × shangrilaense S.Ke, Q.H.Zhang & S.R.Lan, hybr. nat. nov (AEffifflȗż) (Figs 3, 4) Type:— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Shangrila City (AEffifflȗḿ), elevation 2000 m, growing on the tree. 10 November 2021, Ke F001 (holotype: FAFU). Cymbidium × shangrilaense is a natural hybrid of C. tracyanum and C. gaoligongense, which is similar to the former in floral morphology, but its epidermis has no red-brown spots and stripes, and the column and lip midlobe morphology are different; it is similar to latter in colour but differs in its floral veins and lip morphology. Epiphytic herbs with ellipsoid-ovoid pseudobulbs, 5.0-11.0 × 2.0-5.0 cm, mostly enclosed in leaf bases. Leaves 5-8, lorate, 56.0-73.0 × 1.4-1.8 cm, articulate 6.0-11.0 cm from base, apex acute. Inflorescence with six flowers arising from axil of leaves, suberect, 36.0-47.0 cm long, with four sheaths. Floral bracts triangular, 4.0-5.0 mm long. Flowers fragrant, 7.0-10.0 cm in diameter; pedicel and ovary 5.5-6.3 cm. Flowers pale yellow, tinged with purplish; sepals and petals with purple-red venation abaxially; lip yellow with pale purple dashes, lamellae deep yellow; column pale purple. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, 6.6-7.4 × 1.6-1.9 cm, apex acute; lateral sepals elliptic, slightly oblique, 5.3-5.8 × 1.0- 1.8 cm. Petals falcate, 6.3-6.7 × 0.8-1.3 cm, apex acute. Lip ovate-elliptic in outline, 3.8-5.2 × 1.5-2.0 cm, base fused to basal margins of column for 5.1-6.1 mm, trilobed; lateral lobes erect, with white hairs on veins; disc with long ciliate, with two lamellae and a row of long hairs between them from base extend to base of midlobe; midlobe elliptic, recurved, sparsely ciliate and with three rows of hairs 2.0-3.0 mm long extending from the base to the apex. Column arcuate, 3.3-4.1 cm long, winged; pollinia 2, ovate, 2.0-3.0 mm. Etymology:— Named for Shangrila City, Yunnan Province. Phenology:— Flowering October to December. Distribution:— Thus far, found only in Shangrila City. Habitat:— Growing epiphytically. Parents:— Cymbidium × shangrilaense is considered to be a natural hybrid between C. tracyanum and C. gaoligongense., Published as part of Ke, Shijie, Zhu, Meng-Jia, Zhao, Xuewei, Liu, Ding-Kun, Li, Yuanyuan, Huang, Jie, Zhang, Qing-Hai, Liu, Zhong-Jian & Lan, Siren, 2022, Cymbidium × shangrilaense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new natural hybrid from China: evidence from morphology and molecular analyses, pp. 183-190 in Phytotaxa 561 (2) on pages 187-188, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7059509