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Yiyi Chen,1,2 Fei Wang,1,2 Lingna Xu,1,2 Qinbing Ke,3 Shujuan Ji,4 Jie Mao,5 Xiya Jia,1,2 Chuanxi Lai,1,2 Sheng Dai1,2 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China; 2Provincial Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Infection, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Sheng Dai, Email daimd@zju.edu.cnAbstract: Herein, we described a case of small bowel Crohn’s disease with recurrent, unexplained fevers, pain in the right lower back, hip, and groin area over 20 months. The patient did not present any gastrointestinal symptoms and colonoscopy showed no abnormalities. Imaging revealed a liver abscess and multiple lesions with pneumatosis in the muscles of the right lower back region. Initially, disseminated infection was suspected and the antibiotics was administered without success. Subsequently, Magnetic resonance (MR) enterography suggested the possibility of a small bowel fistula which was confirmed during exploratory laparotomy. Inflammation was prominent in a 27-cm segment starting from 30-cm proximal to the ileocecal junction. The segment was resected and pathological examination confirmed Crohn’s disease. Postoperatively, mesalazine was administered, but showed limited efficacy. After modifying the treatment plan to infliximab and azathioprine, the patient was symptom-free and no obvious inflammation was found in the colonoscopy reexamination.Keywords: small bowel Crohn’s disease, extraintestinal manifestations, inflammatory bowel disease, liver abscesses

Qiao Ke,1,2,&ast; Zhiting Guo,3,&ast; Jian He,1,&ast; Zisen Lai,1 Fuli Xin,1,2 Yongyi Zeng,1 Lei Wang,4 Jingfeng Liu1,2 1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lei Wang, Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 360000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 133 2825 2899, Fax +86 791 8612 0120, Email wangleiy001@126.com Jingfeng Liu, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 139 0502 9580, Fax +86 591 8370 2529, Email drjingfeng@126.comPurpose: The influence of resection margin (RM) width on the prognosis of solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following anatomical resection (AR) has yet to be determined. Therefore, we conducted a real-world study to identify the optimal RM width and assess its impact on the outcomes of solitary HCC patients undergoing AR.Methods: The data pertaining to patients diagnosed with solitary HCC who underwent AR between December 2012 and December 2015 were retrospectively collected. The optimal cutoff value for the width of the RM was determined using X-tile software. The Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to compare the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between the narrow and wide RM groups. Additionally, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to minimize potential bias in the data.Results: Of the 1033 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 293 (28.4%) were categorized into the narrow RM group (≤ 4 mm) and 740 (71.6%) into the wide RM group (> 4mm). Before and after PSM, there were no significant differences in OS and DFS between the two groups (before PSM: OS, HR=0.78, P=0.071; DFS, HR=0.95, P=0.620; after PSM: OS, HR=0.77, P=0.150; DFS, HR=0.90, P=0.470). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that RM width was not an independent risk factor for DFS and OS both before and after PSM (all P> 0.05). However, subgroup analyses revealed that patients with ALBI grade 1, absence of cirrhosis, and AJCC stage II significantly benefited from wide RM in OS (all P< 0.05). Similarly, patients without HBV infection and absence of cirrhosis also exhibited significant benefits from wide RM in DFS (both P< 0.05).Conclusion: In patients with solitary HCC undergoing AR, the width of the RM does not appear to have a significant impact on their prognosis. However, in certain selected patients, a wider RM may confer benefits.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, anatomical resection, resection margin, prognosis

Jianguo Wang,1,* Jianyong Zhuo,2,* Yaoye Tao,2 Shengjun Xu,2 Zun Chen,2 Fan Yang,2 Qinghong Ke,2,3 Haiyang Xie,2,3 Shusen Zheng,2– 4 Hangxiang Wang,2,3 Xiao Xu1 1Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People’s Republic of China; 2NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiao XuDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-571-87236567Email zjxu@zju.edu.cnBackground: There is currently no effective treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and chemotherapy has little effect on long-term survival of HCC patients, largely due to the cancer stem cell (CSC) chemoresistance of HCC.Methods: We constructed a small-molecule nanometer-sized prodrug (nanoprodrug) loaded with salinomycin (SAL) for the treatment of HCC. SAL was encapsulated by the prodrug LA-SN38 (linoleic acid modified 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin) to construct a self-assembled nanoprodrug further PEGylated with DSPE-PEG2000. We characterized this codelivered nanoprodrug and its antitumor activity both in vitro in human HCC cell lines and in vivo in mice.Results: Delivery of the SAL- and LA-SN38-based nanoprodrugs effectively promoted apoptosis of HCC cells, exerted inhibition of HCC tumor-sphere formation as well as HCC cell motility and invasion, and reduced the proportion of CD133+ HCC-CSC cells. In nude mice, the nanoprodrug suppressed growth of tumor xenografts derived from human cell lines and patient.Conclusion: Our results show that SAL-based nanoprodrugs are a promising platform for treating patients with HCC and a novel strategy for combination therapy of cancers.Keywords: small-molecule prodrugs, salinomycin, self-assemble, cancer stem cells, hepatocellular carcinoma

Lei Wang,1,* Qiao Ke,2,* Kongying Lin,2,* Jingbo Chen,3 Ren Wang,4 Chunhong Xiao,5 Xiaolong Liu,6 Jingfeng Liu2,6 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oncology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pediatric Surgery, Huai’an Women and Children’s Hospital, Huaian, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of General Surgery, 900th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 6The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jingfeng Liu Tel +86 139 0502 9580Fax +86 591 8370 2529Email drjingfeng@126.comBackground: Prophylactic transarterial chemoembolization (p-TACE) is strongly recommended for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with microvascular invasion (MVI), but the potential beneficiaries remain controversial.Methods: Data of HCC patients with MVI who underwent R0 resection between December 2013 and December 2015 were identified through the primary liver cancer big data. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients who received p-TACE or not using Kaplan–Meier survival curves before and after propensity scoring match (PSM).Results: A total of 695 patients were eligible for this study, including 199 patients (28.6%) receiving p-TACE and 496 patients (71.4%) receiving resection alone. In the crude cohort, median DFS and OS were longer in the p-TACE group than those in the non-TACE group without significant differences (25.0 months vs 24.2 months, P=0.100; 48.0 months vs 46.5 months, P=0.150; respectively), but significant differences were observed both in DFS and OS (both P< 0.05) after 1:1 PSM. p-TACE was identified as one of the independent risk factors of both DFS and OS using multivariate analysis in the matched cohort (HR=0.69, 95% CI=0.54– 0.88; HR=0.66, 95% CI=0.50– 0.88; respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that p-TACE could beneficiate patients if they were male, aged ≥ 50 years old, had HBV infection, preoperative AFP level ≥ 400 ng/mL, Child-Pugh grading A, no transfusion, single tumor, tumor diameter ≥ 5cm, Edmondson–Steiner grading I/II, capsule, or BCLC stage A, CNLC stage Ib, AJCC stage II both in DFS and OS (all P< 0.05).Conclusion: With the current data, we concluded that not all HCC patients with MVI would be benefited from p-TACE, and p-TACE could benefit patients with “middle risk” according to the current staging systems.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, microvascular invasion, R0 resection, transarterial chemoembolization

Wenqi Diao,1,* Ning Shen,1,* Yipeng Du,1,* John R Erb-Downward,2 Xiaoyan Sun,1 Chenxia Guo,1 Qian Ke,1 Gary B Huffnagle,2,3 Margaret R Gyetko,2 Bei He1 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; 2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: The role of airway microbiota in COPD is highly debated. Symptomology assessment is vital for the management of clinically stable COPD patients; however, the link between symp­toms and the airway microbiome is currently unknown. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship among stable COPD patients. Patients and methods: We conducted pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA using induced sputum samples in a Han Chinese cohort that included 40 clinically stable COPD patients and 19 healthy controls. Results: Alterations in community composition and core bacte­rial taxa (Neisseria subflava, etc.) were observed in patients with severe symptoms compared with controls. The co-occurrence network indicated that the key microbiota enriched in COPD patients showed higher expression in patients with severe symptoms. The association pattern of symptoms with the sputum microbiome was obviously different from that of lung function in COPD patients. Conclusion: These findings broaden our insights into the relationship between the sputum microbiota and the symptom severity in COPD patients, emphasizing the role of symptoms in the airway microbiome, independent of lung function. Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, symptom, sputum, microbiome

Abstract Human papillomaviruses, particularly high-risk human papillomaviruses, have been universally considered to be associated with the oncogenesis and progression of various cancers. The genome of human papillomaviruses is circular, double-stranded DNA that encodes early and late proteins. Each of the proteins is of crucial significance in infecting the epithelium of host cells persistently and supporting viral genome integrating into host cells. Notably, E6 and E7 proteins, classified as oncoproteins, trigger the incidence of cancers by fostering cell proliferation, hindering apoptosis, evading immune surveillance, promoting cell invasion, and disrupting the balance of cellular metabolism. Therefore, targeting human papillomaviruses and decoding molecular mechanisms by which human papillomaviruses drive carcinogenesis are of great necessity to better treat human papillomaviruses-related cancers. Human papillomaviruses have been applied clinically to different facets of human papillomavirus-related cancers, including prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Several types of prophylactic vaccines have been publicly utilized worldwide and have greatly decreased the occurrence of human papillomavirus-related cancers, which have benefited numerous people. Although various therapeutic vaccines have been developed and tested clinically, none of them have been officially approved to date. Enhancing the efficacy of vaccines and searching for innovative technologies targeting human papillomaviruses remain critical challenges that warrant continuous research and attention in the future.

Abstract Background Data based clinical decision support system is a boon for health care monitoring. Smart healthcare monitoring systems play a vital role in the early diagnosis and detection of the physical and mental health of patients. The smart clinical IoT (C-IoT) systems are data-driven and provide efficient support for this purpose. Purpose There is a need to have a secure, accurate, and efficient HCM system that is capable of processing large amounts of patient data for timely diagnosis and detection of various health complications. Traditional ways of migration are imprecise, less secure, and do not cover all angles necessary in the contemporary healthcare environment. Because of this, the conceptual IoT-based secure health monitoring system employs machine learning algorithms for enhanced accuracy. Method This study presents the conjugate applications of machine learning algorithms with the cloud-based C-IoT model systems. This model is a lightweight encryption block model that maintains provisional security for health and clinical data. It assists in patient’s health issues which are diagnosed with the existing database of the history of that patient and proper measures are taken with proper diagnosis and using this prediction model. The health status is diagnosed from the pre-historical database of the patient’s database. Results This cloud-based smart C-IoT system shows the results approximately with 91% accuracy while using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms. This smart C-IoT-based health issue diagnostic model is one step ahead toward the modernization of society 5.0. Future prospects The proposed IoT-based secure health monitoring system expands the surgeries of health care by achieving a high diagnostic accuracy of 91% employing ANN algorithms, the excellence of which is founded on data intensity with prior patient data, and the data security by lightweight encryption algorithms. Aligned with Society 5.0, it brings new, friendly, and efficient features to healthcare that replace many existing methods with better ones in terms of precision, security, and coverage.

Abstract The burgeoning interest in two-dimensional semiconductors stems from their potential as ultrathin platforms for next-generation transistors. Nonetheless, there persist formidable challenges in fully obtaining high-performance complementary logic components and the underlying mechanisms for the polarity modulation of transistors are not yet fully understood. Here, we exploit both ferroelectric domain-based nonvolatile modulation of Fermi level in transitional metal dichalcogenides (MoS2) and quantum tunneling through nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Our prototype devices, termed as vertical tunneling ferroelectric field-effect transistor, utilizes a Van der Waals MoS2/h-BN/metal tunnel junction as the channel. The Fermi level of MoS2 is bipolarly tuned by ferroelectric domains and sensitively detected by the direct quantum tunneling strength across the junction, demonstrating an impressive electroresistance ratio of up to 109 in the vertical tunneling ferroelectric field-effect transistor. It consumes only 0.16 fJ of energy to open a ratio window exceeding 104. This work not only validates the effectiveness of tailored tunnel barriers in manipulating electronic flow but also highlights a new avenue for the design flexibility and functional versatility of advanced ferroelectric memory technology.

Abstract Historic gardens contain a greater number and variety of ancient trees, which are older, have unique forms, and larger volumes. These trees hold significant value in both natural ecosystems and cultural heritage. However, current research on the carbon sequestration value of ancient and non-ancient trees in historical gardens is relatively lacking. Based on the unique morphology and carbon storage estimation needs of ancient trees in historic gardens, this paper proposes a morphology-based point cloud single-tree segmentation method. This method can precisely extract the morphological structures of various tree species and accurately estimate their carbon storage. From the perspective of carbon sequestration, it evaluates the correlation between the structural characteristics and carbon storage of trees in historic gardens, as well as the potential changes in their carbon storage capacity.Using the Jing Yi Park’s Jian Xin Pavilions in Fragrant Hills Park as a case study, this method was applied to extract structural indicators of 116 ancient and non-ancient trees. The total carbon storage was found to be 19,171.13 kg, with an average carbon storage of 165.27 kg per tree. Among these, ancient trees accounted for 13,178.32 kg, or 68.74% of the total carbon storage. The study revealed that the correlation between tree age and carbon storage varied by species, and there were significant positive correlations between carbon storage and tree height, DBH, and canopy volume. Notably, there was a significant linear growth trend between DBH, canopy volume, and carbon storage. By 2030, the total carbon storage is projected to increase to 21,924.96 kg, with an annual average increase of 393.40 kg, representing a growth rate of 14.4%.The results indicate that studying the correlation between structural characteristics and carbon storage of aged trees in historical gardens can shed light on the important role of trees in sustainable carbon sequestration. The precise extraction of tree information through 3D digital technology and the prediction of carbon storage potential not only offer new perspectives for the conservation of cultural heritage in historical gardens, urban microclimate planning and design, and spatial management of carbon sinks and emissions but also have significant value for promoting the scientific management and protection of urban green spaces.

Abstract Introduction Ciprofol is a novel propofol analogue with a characteristic of hemodynamic stability. At present, there is a lack of research comparing the hemodynamic stability of ciprofol and propofol during painless colonoscopy. In this study, we aim to test the hypothesis that ciprofol is superior to propofol in terms of hemodynamic stability for sedation anesthesia in patients undergoing colonoscopy. Methods A total of 222 patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in group P (n = 112) and group C (n = 110) received propofol and ciprofol sedation, respectively. Noninvasive blood pressure were monitored starting from induction (T 0) to the end of the procedure, at 2-min intervals (T 1 to T 10). Heart rate variability (HRV), pain injection, Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (MOAA/S) score, body movement, doses of norepinephrine, modified Aldrete score, drug-related adverse reactions, and patient satisfaction and endoscopist satisfaction were recorded. Results In group C, fewer patients experienced a decrease in blood pressure with a higher HRV after induction sedation, the incidence of pain injection was reduced, the amount of norepinephrine dose was decreased, patient satisfaction was increased compared with group P (all P

Abstract Background Glioma is the most common brain tumor. IDH mutations occur frequently in glioma, indicating a more favorable prognosis. We aimed to explore energy metabolism-related genes in glioma to promote the research and treatment. Methods Datasets were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. Candidate genes were screened by differential gene expression analysis, then functional enrichment analysis was conducted on the candidate genes. PPI was also carried out to help determine the target gene. GSEA and DO analysis were conducted in the different expression level groups of the target gene. Survival analysis and immune cell infiltrating analysis were performed as well. Results We screened 34 candidate genes and selected GLUD1 as the target gene. All candidate genes were significantly enriched in 10 KEGG pathways and 330 GO terms. GLUD1 expression was higher in IDH-mutant samples than IDH-wildtype samples, and higher in normal samples than tumor samples. Low GLUD1 expression was related to poor prognosis according to survival analysis. Most types of immune cells were negatively related to GLUD1 expression, but monocytes and activated mast cells exhibited significantly positive correlation with GLUD1 expression. GLUD1 expression was significantly related to 119 drugs and 6 immune checkpoint genes. GLUD1 was able to serve as an independent prognostic indicator of IDH-mutant glioma. Conclusion In this study, we identified an energy metabolism-related gene GLUD1 potentially contributing to favorable clinical outcomes of IDH-mutant glioma. In glioma, GLUD1 related clinical outcomes and immune landscape were clearer, and more valuable information was provided for immunotherapy.

BackgroundPsychiatric illness is thought to be a brain somatic crosstalk disorder. However, the existing phenomenology-based Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic framework overlooks various dimensions other than symptoms. In this study, we investigated the associations between peripheral blood test indexes with various symptom levels of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) to explore the availability of peripheral blood test indexes.MethodsWe extracted cases diagnosed with MDD, BD, and SCZ at West China Hospital from 2009 to 2021, translated their main complaints into Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) symptom severity scores using nature language processing (NLP), and collected their detailed psychiatric symptoms and peripheral blood test results. Then, generalized linear models were performed between seven types of peripheral blood test values with their transformed RDoC scores and detailed symptom information adjusted for age, gender, smoking, and alcohol history.ResultsSeveral inflammatory-related indexes were strongly associated with the negative valence system (NVS) domain (basophil percentage adjusted β = 0.275, lymphocyte percentage adjusted β = 0.271, monocyte percentage adjusted β = 0.223, neutrophil percentage adjusted β = −0.310, neutrophil count adjusted β = −0.301, glucose adjusted β = −0.287, leukocyte count adjusted β = −0.244, NLR adjusted β = −0.229, and total protein adjusted β = −0.170), the positive valence system (PVS) domain (monocyte percentage adjusted β = 0.228, basophil count adjusted β = 0.176, and glutamyl transpeptidase adjusted β = 0.171), and a wide range of mood, reward, and psychomotor symptoms. In addition, glucose, urea, urate, cystatin C, and albumin showed considerable associations with multiple symptoms. In addition, based on the direction of associations and the similarity of symptoms in terms of RDoC thinking, it is suggested that “positive” mood symptoms like mania and irritability and “negative” mood symptoms like depression and anxiety might be on a continuum considering their opposite relationships with similar blood indexes.LimitationsThe cross-sectional design, limited symptoms record, and high proportion of missing values in some other peripheral blood indexes limited our findings.ConclusionThe proportion of high inflammatory indexes in SCZ was relatively high, but in terms of mean values, SCZ, BD, and MDD did not differ significantly. Inflammatory response showed a strong correlation with NVS, PVS, and a range of psychiatric symptoms especially mood symptoms, psychomotor symptoms, and cognitive abilities.

IntroductionSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease discovered in China in 2009. SFTS monitoring has been carried out since 2010 in mainland China. In recent years, human infection with SFTS virus (SFTSV) has frequently been detected in Jiujiang of Jiangxi Province, Central China.MethodsSera of SFTS surveillance cases and samples collected from humans, animals and ticks surrounding the cases were used to detect SFTSV RNA by real-time RT-PCR. SFTSV-positive samples were further subjected to sequencing and analysis of the S, M, and L segments of SFTSV.ResultsFour patients were positive for SFTSV infection. However, the subjects like humans, animals and ticks around the cases were all detected as negative for the virus infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial segments revealed that SFTSVs in three patients from Jiujiang were clustered with genotype C4 and C5 on the L and M segment-established phylogenetic tree; however, phylogenetic analysis of the S segment showed that the strains were grouped into genotype J1. These results suggested that the S, M, and L segments of these strains underwent segmental reassortment, which was later supported by recombination signal detection. The reassortment event was detected by at least four methods with a significance level of p value

Abstract The nanoscale fibrillar morphology, featuring long-range structural order, provides abundant interfaces for efficient exciton dissociation and high-quality pathways for effective charge transport, is a promising morphology for high performance organic solar cells. Here, we synthesize a thiophene terminated non-fullerene acceptor, L8-ThCl, to induce the fibrillization of both polymer donor and host acceptor, that surpasses the 20% efficiency milestone of organic solar cells. After adding L8-ThCl, the original weak and less continuous nanofibrils of polymer donors, i.e. PM6 or D18, are well enlarged and refined, whilst the host acceptor L8-BO also assembles into nanofibrils with enhanced structural order. By adapting the layer-by-layer deposition method, the enhanced structural order can be retained to significantly boost the power conversion efficiency, with specific values of 19.4% and 20.1% for the PM6:L8-ThCl/L8-BO:L8-ThCl and D18:L8-ThCl/L8-BO:L8-ThCl devices, with the latter being certified 20.0%, which is the highest certified efficiency reported so far for single-junction organic solar cells.

Abstract Background Walnut anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides seriously endangers the yield and quality of walnut, and has now become a catastrophic disease in the walnut industry. Therefore, understanding both pathogen invasion mechanisms and host response processes is crucial to defense against C. gloeosporioides infection. Results Here, we investigated the mechanisms of interaction between walnut fruits (anthracnose-resistant F26 fruit bracts and anthracnose-susceptible F423 fruit bracts) and C. gloeosporioides at three infection time points (24hpi, 48hpi, and 72hpi) using a high-resolution time series dual transcriptomic analysis, characterizing the arms race between walnut and C. gloeosporioides. A total of 20,780 and 6670 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in walnut and C. gloeosporioides against 24hpi, respectively. Generous DEGs in walnut exhibited opposite expression patterns between F26 and F423, which indicated that different resistant materials exhibited different transcriptional responses to C. gloeosporioides during the infection process. KEGG functional enrichment analysis indicated that F26 displayed a broader response to C. gloeosporioides than F423. Meanwhile, the functional analysis of the C. gloeosporioides transcriptome was conducted and found that PHI, SignalP, CAZy, TCDB genes, the Fungal Zn (2)-Cys (6) binuclear cluster domain (PF00172.19) and the Cytochrome P450 (PF00067.23) were largely prominent in F26 fruit. These results suggested that C. gloeosporioides secreted some type of effector proteins in walnut fruit and appeared a different behavior based on the developmental stage of the walnut. Conclusions Our present results shed light on the arms race process by which C. gloeosporioides attacked host and walnut against pathogen infection, laying the foundation for the green prevention of walnut anthracnose.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and genetic characteristics of patients with late-onset Pompe disease(LOPD).MethodsA total of 13 patients diagnosed with LOPD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from September 2020 to December 2023 were selected, and all patients were subjected to clinical investigation, GAA activity detection and GAA gene testing.ResultsAmong the 13 patients, 7 were males and 6 were females; 5 were family patients and 8 were sporadic patients; and the median age of onset was 17 years(8-52 years), the median age of presentation was 24 years(10-52 years), and the median age of diagnosis was 31 years(14-58 years). In terms of the first symptoms, 10 patients presented with limb weakness and 3 patients presented with dyspnea. The average serum creatine kinase level was 552 U/L(55-1084 U/L), and the serum creatine kinase level was normal in one patient. All patients had scoliosis and different degrees of restrictive ventilatory dysfunction. Neuroelectrophysiological examinations of 9 patients showed myogenic damage, and 8 of them had muscle tonic discharge. The mean value of GAA activity was 0.3 μmol/(L·h)[0.17-0.5 μmol/(L·h)]. A total of 13 mutations were detected in GAA gene, and the most common mutation was c.2238G > C(p.W746C).There were five new variant sites: c.543del(p.F181Lfs*40), c.839_840insCC(p.R281Pfs*34), c.1800_1823del(p.S601_ R608del), c.2296T > C(p.Y766H) and c.995C > A(p.S332*).ConclusionsLOPD is a rare disease that tends to delay diagnosis. Proximal limb weakness, decreased respiratory function, mild-to-moderate elevation of creatine kinase, scoliosis, and clinical inferior tonic discharge on electromyography are high-risk images of LOPD. c.2238G > C(p.W746C)is a hotspot mutation, and the discovery of five new mutations enriches the GAA gene mutations lineage.

Abstract Background Left atrial appendage aneurysm is a rare cardiac mass, with only a few cases reported. There are usually no specific symptoms, and a few patients visit the doctor with symptoms. Case presentation A 20-year-old male presented to our hospital with a “pericardial cyst found by medical evaluation in another hospital for 2 years.” Cardiac ultrasound performed at clinics of our hospital suggested a cystic dark area in the left ventricular lateral wall and the anterior lateral wall, consistent with a pericardial cyst and mild mitral regurgitation. After further relevant examinations and ruling out contraindications, an excision of the left atrial appendage aneurysm was performed under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass with beating—heart. The postoperative pathological results identified that: (left atrial appendage) fibrocystic wall-like tissue with a focal lining of the flat epithelium, consistent with a benign cyst. Conclusion Left atrial appendage aneurysms are rare and insidious. They are usually found by chance during medical evaluations. If the location is not good or the volume is too large, then compression symptoms or arrhythmia, thrombosis and other concomitant symptoms will occur. Surgical resection is presently the only effective radical cure for a left atrial appendage aneurysm.

The new energy system is a component and a key carrier for achieving the goal of “carbon peak/carbon neutrality”. Carbon emission flow tracking helps to clarify the carbon emission responsibility and provides important data support and decision-making basis for realizing the dual-carbon target. In view of this, a novel model is proposed to analyze the carbon emissions of units and loads within the power system. Firstly, the parameters at each node and branch are calculated using the Newton-Raphson method based on the nodal load data, generator power output, and so on. Secondly, the real-time carbon emission intensity model between different units is established considering the unit characteristics and fuel attributes. Then the power flow distribution matrix as well as the unit carbon emission injection intensity matrix are constructed, which are used to allocate the generator power to each node load, branch power and network loss, so as to obtain the corresponding power components. On this basis, the actual carbon consumption of the unit as well as the load in the corresponding period is calculated. The approach above makes it possible to characterize the distribution of carbon emission contributions within the system. By tracking power flow, an accurate quantification of the carbon emissions caused by network losses is achieved, which in turn provide an immediate allocation result for the system’s carbon emissions. Finally, the validity, accuracy and generalizability are verified in IEEE 5-bus and IEEE 39-bus standard systems. In addition, the application of the power flow tracking green certification model for green power traceability is prospected.

Abstract Liquid foams with tunable and photoresponsive stabilities and mechanical properties are highly desired in many domains, including the chemical and environmental protection industries. Here, we constructed photoresponsive liquid foams by structuring the interfacial adsorption layers and nanoparticle‐embedded Plateau borders of the foam with biodegradable components. These foams exhibited ultrahigh foam stability but were easily destroyed by light, leading to a clean recovery of the liquid phase. In the absence of light, the hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) coils in the foam formed mechanically strong liquid films or “cohesive states.” Under irradiation, the ultrathin black phosphorus nanosheets induced changes in the packing parameters of the HPC assemblies within the Plateau borders and led to coil‐to‐globule transitions of the HPC and formed unstable liquid films with a “mobile state.” The two interfacial states were reversibly and repeatedly switched by turning the light on and off, which caused rapid bubble coalescence and foam collapse, and we also proved that this destabilizing mechanism was inhibited by cellulose nanocrystals. This work provides an environmentally friendly approach to controlling foam stability, and the proposed strategy can be expanded to the production of multiresponsive fully liquid objects in theory.

IntroductionIn recent years, coxsackievirus (CV) A10 has been associated with increasing sporadic hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases and outbreaks globally. In addition to mild symptoms such as pharyngitis and herpangina, CVA10-related complications or even fatality can occur. Currently, systematic phylogenetic studies of CVA10 are limited.MethodsIn this study, we first explored the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of CVA10 in Nanchang, an inland southeastern city of China, based on the HFMD surveillance network from 2015-2023.ResultsAmong 3429 enterovirus-positive cases, 110 (3.04%) were associated with CVA10, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.62. The median age of the CVA10 patients was 2.3 years (interquartile range, IQR 1.0-4.0), with 94.55% (104/110) of the patients aged less than 5 years. Phylogenetic analyses using the full-length VP1, 5’UTR, P1, P2, P3 sequences and near full-length genomes indicated that CVA10 strains (n = 57) isolated in Nanchang belonged to genogroup C; two strains identified in 2017 belonged to C1 subtypes clustered with strains from Vietnam, Madagascar, France and Spain; and the others belonged to C2 subtypes interdigitating with CVA10 isolates from mainland China, the United States and Australia. Through extensive analysis, we identified a rare F168Y mutation in epitope 4 of VP1 in a Madagascar strain of genogroup F and a Chinese strain of genogroup C. Based on Bayesian evolutionary analyses, the average nucleotide substitution rate for the VP1 gene of CV10 strains was 3.07×10–3 substitutions/site/year. The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of genogroup C was dated 1990.84, and the tMRCA of CVA10 strains from Nanchang was dated approximately 2003.16, similar to strains circulating in other regions of China, suggesting that the viruses were likely introduced and cryptically circulated in China before the establishment of the HFMD surveillance network. Recombination analysis indicated intertypic recombination of the Nanchang strain with the genogroup G strain in the 3D region.DiscussionGiven the shifting dominance of viral genotypes and frequent recombination events, the existing surveillance system needs to be regulated to enhance genomic surveillance efforts on a more diverse spectrum of genotypes in the future.

The cross-regional transfer of food safety risks has become more prominent, bringing new challenges to the food ecosystem and food safety regulation. This study develops an evaluation index system of food safety risks based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework. The food safety risk indices of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 are calculated by determining the index weights using the real-coded accelerated genetic algorithm–projection pursuit model (RAGA-PP). Furthermore, this study elaborates the spatiotemporal differences and correlations of provincial food safety risks, characterizes the spatial aggregation and spatiotemporal changes of risks, and investigates driving factors affecting the spatiotemporal evolution of risks. The following findings are established. First, the overall risk value of food safety in China in 2020 decreased by approximately 5% compared with year 2010. In 2020, the national food safety environment was relatively favorable and tended toward stability. The overall trend of food safety risks in China is decreasing, although socioeconomic development has increased the risks, and the corresponding social management measures have also reduced the risks. Second, food safety risks were unevenly distributed among provinces, showing significant regional differences. Specifically, generally higher risks were observed in eastern provinces versus other regions and in coastal provinces versus inland provinces. Concentrated and superimposed risks were observed in the Yangtze River Delta, a large urban agglomeration centered on Shanghai. Lastly, population density and urbanization level were the main drivers of the evolution of regional food safety risks; whereas policy instruments used by the government to manage risks played a limited role. The results show that establishing a cross-regional collaborative governance mechanism to manage food safety risks should constitute an important component of the regional integration strategy of China.

A large-scale fine-grained Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy plate with high strength and ductility was successfully prepared by multi-pass friction stir processing (MFSP) technology in this work. The structure of grains and long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase were characterized, and the mechanical properties uniformity was investigated. Moreover, a quantitative relationship between the microstructure and tensile yield strength was established. The results showed that the grains in the processed zone (PZ) and interfacial zone (IZ) were refined from 50 µm to 3 µm and 4 µm, respectively, and numerous original LPSO phases were broken. In IZ, some block-shaped 18R LPSO phases were transformed into needle-like 14H LPSO phases due to stacking faults and the short-range diffusion of solute atoms. The severe shear deformation in the form of kinetic energy caused profuse stacking fault to be generated and move rapidly, greatly increasing the transformation rate of LPSO phase. After MFSP, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to failure of the large-scale plate were 367 MPa, 305 MPa and 18.0% respectively. Grain refinement and LPSO phase strengthening were the major strengthening mechanisms for the MFSP sample. In particularly, the strength of IZ was comparable to that of PZ because the strength contribution of the 14H LPSO phase offsets the lack of grain refinement strengthening in IZ. This result opposes the widely accepted notion that IZ is a weak region in MFSP-prepared large-scale fine-grained plate.

[Objective] To evaluate the contribution of freeze-thaw cycle (FTCs) to gully erosion by measuring the collapse volume of gully wall collapse during FTCs. [Methods] From 2016 to 2018, a total of 463 collapse points in 36 gullies were selected for field investigation. Based on the investigation results, there were two types of wall collapse: massive collapse and loose accumulation. The morphology parameters of two kinds of accumulations were measured at each collapse point, including the volume of the collapsed soil, the width and depth of the gull coross-section, and the shear force and hardness of soil of the corresponding gully wall soil. [Results] (1) The average collapse strength of gully wall collapse caused by FTCs during the three-year study period is 16.12 m3/(km·a). The two types of collapse occurred randomly within the gully, and the single point freeze-thaw collapse mainly concentrated in 0~3 m3, but the amount of soil caused by massive collapse was larger. (2) The transverse width and depth of the gully were the main factors affecting the collapse of the gully wall, and the collapse amount increased with the increase of the width-depth ratio. When the width-depth ratio>2.71, the collapse amount increased rapidly. (3) The amount of gully collapse was closely related to the shear force and hardness of the soil on the gully wall. [Conclusion] The freeze-thaw collapse of the gully wall was closely related to the width and depth of the gully cross-section, the freeze-thaw collapse accounted for 3.28% to 23.68% of the sediment yield of the gully erosion, and its influence was equivalent to that of the headward erosion of gully head. The research results provide data support for quantitatively evaluating the contribution of FTCs to gully erosion.

Abstract Currently, the use of digital technology for the protection and research of cultural heritage has become a trend in this field. Rockeries in Chinese classical gardens have become an important cultural heritage type because of their unique shape, ingenious skills and rich connotations. Based on relevant historical information and 3D digital technology, this paper puts forward a multi-level quantitative analysis method on the scale, shape and quantity of rockeries in Chinese classical gardens, aiming at exploring the objective description and quantitative analysis path of rockeries at different levels. This method develops four levels: overall, regional, hierarchical, and individual and their corresponding quantitative contents, which in turn enable data extraction and analysis of the rockery through the different levels. The proposed method was applied to seven different Chinese classical garden rockeries, and taking Wanfang Anhe Rockery in the Old Summer Palace as an example for objective and comprehensive quantitative analysis and verification. The results show that this method is feasible and effective for quantitative analysis of the scale, shape and quantity of rockeries, which can help understand the basic background of stone rockeries and enhance a refined understanding of stone rockery construction, thereby providing data for preventive protection and informatization management of stone rockeries. The 3D rockery model database based on the overall, regional, hierarchical and individual quantitative analysis and numbering method brings a good application prospect for preventive protection and informatization management of the rockery.

BackgroundThe mental health status of prison officers is crucial to the efficiency, security, and stability of a prison, and it is essential to pay attention to the factors that influence their mental health. ObjectiveTo understand the mental health status of prison officers, and analyze how nature exposure affects their mental health problems and a potential mediating role of mental fatigue. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out from May to June 2022 among 1392 prison officers from eight prisons in a province, and a total of 1284 valid questionnaires were recovered. The Nature Exposure Scale, Mental Fatigue Scale, and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale were used to assess nature exposure, mental fatigue, and mental health indicators among prison officers, and to explore the effect of nature exposure on mental health problems and a potential mediating role of mental fatigue. ResultsThe recruited prison officers showed high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 59.11% (759/1284), 60.67% (779/1284),and 43.93% (564/1284), respectively. The results of correlation analysis revealed that nature exposure was negatively related with mental fatigue and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress) (rs=−0.242, −0.308, −0.235, −0.254, P

Aluminum nitride (AlN)-based ferroelectric films offer significant advantages, including compatibility with CMOS back-end processes, potential for sustainable miniaturization, and intrinsic stability in the ferroelectric phase. As promising emerging materials, they have attracted considerable attention for their broad application potential in nonvolatile ferroelectric memories. However, several key scientific and technological challenges remain, including the preparation of single-crystal materials, epitaxial growth, and doping, which hinder their progress in critical ferroelectric devices. To accelerate their development, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms, such as growth dynamics and ferroelectric properties. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the preparation methods of AlN-based ferroelectric films, covering AlN, Al1−xScxN, Al1−xBxN, YxAl1−xN, and ScxAlyGa1−x−yN. We systematically analyze the similarities, differences, advantages, and limitations of various growth techniques. Furthermore, the ferroelectric properties of AlN and its doped variants are summarized and compared. Strategies for enhancing the ferroelectric performance of AlN-based films are discussed, with a focus on coercive field regulation under stress, suppression of leakage current, fatigue mechanism, and long-term stability. Then, a brief overview of the wide range of applications of AlN-based thin films in electronic and photonic devices is presented. Finally, the challenges associated with the commercialization of AlN-based ferroelectrics are presented, and critical issues for future research are outlined. By synthesizing insights on growth methods, ferroelectric properties, enhancement strategies, and applications, this review aims to facilitate the advancement and practical application of AlN-based ferroelectric materials and devices.

The remote sensing-based inversion of sound speed profile (SSP) enables the acquisition of high-spatial-resolution SSP without in situ measurements. The spatial division of the inversion grid is crucial for the accuracy of results, determining both the number of samples and the consistency of inversion relationships. The result of our research is the introduction of a physics-inspired self-organizing map (PISOM) that facilitates SSP inversion by clustering samples according to the physical perturbation law. The linear physical relationship between sea surface parameters and the SSP drives dimensionality reduction for the SOM, resulting in the clustering of samples exhibiting similar disturbance laws. Subsequently, samples within each cluster are generalized to construct the topology of the solution space for SSP reconstruction. The PISOM method significantly improves accuracy compared with the SOM method without clustering. The PISOM has an SSP reconstruction error of less than 2 m/s in 25% of cases, while the SOM method has none. The transmission loss calculation also shows promising results, with an error of only 0.5 dB at 30 km, 5.5 dB smaller than that of the SOM method. A physical interpretation of the neural network processing confirms that physics-inspired clustering can bring better precision gains than the previous spatial grid.

The emergence and development of food fraud are closely related to a country's economic system and social development. It has distinct characteristics in different historical stages, and an inherent historical logic links different historical stages. Following the thread of “what”, “why”, and “what to do”, this study uses a broad perspective and comparative historical approach to examine the evolution of the basic characteristics, underlying causes, and management tools of food fraud in China at different historical stages over 70 years from 1949 to 2022. This study argues that the historical evolution of food fraud in China has characteristics unique to China as well as features similar to those in other countries. It provides a window for academics to understand the historical evolution of food fraud in China. It also provides valuable insights for other countries, especially developing countries, for objectively understanding the evolution of food fraud during their economic development process, and how to address it.

Excessive buildup of highly reactive molecules can occur due to the generation and dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their associated signaling pathways. ROS have a dual function in cancer development, either leading to DNA mutations that promote the growth and dissemination of cancer cells, or triggering the death of cancer cells. Cancer cells strategically balance their fate by modulating ROS levels, activating pro-cancer signaling pathways, and suppressing antioxidant defenses. Consequently, targeting ROS has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Shikonin and its derivatives, along with related drug carriers, can impact several signaling pathways by targeting components involved with oxidative stress to induce processes such as apoptosis, necroptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, as well as modulation of ferroptosis. Moreover, they can increase the responsiveness of drug-resistant cells to chemotherapy drugs, based on the specific characteristics of ROS, as well as the kind and stage of cancer. This research explores the pro-cancer and anti-cancer impacts of ROS, summarize the mechanisms and research achievements of shikonin-targeted ROS in anti-cancer effects and provide suggestions for designing further anti-tumor experiments and undertaking further experimental and practical research.