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Objective: Osteoclast (OC) over-activation is an important cause of bone loss that is strongly correlated with inflammation. Although the CD163/TWEAK/Fn14 axis has been implicated in several inflammatory pathologies, its contributions to inflammatory bone loss remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of the CD163/TWEAK/Fn14 axis with OC in inflammatory bone loss. Methods: To assess the role of CD163 in bone homeostasis, we characterized the bone phenotypes of CD163-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates. CD163 and TWEAK levels were evaluated in the bone marrow of mice with LPS-induced bone loss and individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Bone mass changes were assessed using uCT and histology following supplementation with recombinant mouse CD163 protein (rCD163) or blockade of TWEAK/Fn14 signaling in CD163-deficient mice and mice with LPS-induced bone loss. The impact of CD163/TWEAK on OC differentiation and bone resorption capacity was analyzed in vitro. Results: CD163 deficiency caused decreased bone mass and increased OC abundance. Lower CD163 expression and higher TWEAK expression were observed in the bone marrow of mice with LPS-induced bone loss and individuals with RA. TWEAK, mainly derived from CD68+ macrophages, was responsible for bone loss, and supplementing rCD163 or blocking TWEAK/Fn14 signaling contributed to rescue bone loss. TWEAK/Fn14 synergistically promoted RANKL-dependent OC differentiation and bone resorption capability through downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling, while the pro-osteoclastic effect of TWEAK was suppressed by CD163. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the CD163/TWEAK/Fn14 axis is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bone loss by regulating osteoclastogenesis.

The composition of the gut microbiome differs from that of healthy individuals and is closely linked to the progression and development of breast cancer. Recent studies have increasingly examined the relationship between microbial communities and breast cancer. This study analyzed the research landscape of microbiome and breast cancer, focusing on 736 qualified publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Publications in this field are on the rise, with the United States leading in contributions, followed by China and Italy. Despite this strong output, the centrality value of China in this field is comparatively low at ninth, highlighting a gap between the quantity of research and its global impact. This pattern is repetitively observed in institutional contributions, with a predominance of Western institutes among the top contributors, underscoring a potential research quality gap in China. Keyword analysis reveals that research hotspots are focused on the effect of microbiome on breast cancer pathogenesis and tumor metabolism, with risk factors and metabolic pathways being the most interesting areas. Publications point to a shift toward anti-tumor therapies and personalized medicine, with clusters such as “anti-tumor” and “potential regulatory agent” gaining prominence. Additionally, intratumor bacteria studies have emerged as a new area of significant interest, reflecting a new direction in research. The University of Helsinki and Adlercreutz H are influential institutions and researchers in this field. Current trends in microbiome and breast cancer research indicate a significant shift toward therapeutic applications and personalized medicine. Strengthening international collaborations and focusing on research quality is crucial for advancing microbiome and breast cancer research.

Commonsense reasoning has emerged as a challenging problem in Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, one area of commonsense reasoning that has not received nearly as much attention in the AI research community is plausibility assessment, which focuses on determining the likelihood of commonsense statements. Human-annotated benchmarks are essential for advancing research in this nascent area, as they enable researchers to develop and evaluate AI models effectively. Because plausibility is a subjective concept, it is important to obtain nuanced annotations, rather than a binary label of ‘plausible’ or ‘implausible’. Furthermore, it is also important to obtain multiple human annotations for a given statement, to ensure validity of the labels.In this data article, we describe the process of re-annotating an existing commonsense plausibility dataset (SemEval-2020 Task 4) using large-scale crowdsourcing on the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. We obtain 10,000 unique annotations on a corpus of 2000 sentences (five independent annotations per sentence). Based on these labels, each was labelled as plausible, implausible, or ambiguous. Next, we prompted the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models developed by OpenAI. Sentences from the human-annotated files were fed into the models using custom prompt templates, and the models’ generated labels were used to determine if they were aligned with those output by humans.The PMC-Dataset is meant to serve as a rich resource for analysing and comparing human and machine commonsense reasoning capabilities, specifically on plausibility. Researchers can utilise this dataset to train, fine-tune, and evaluate AI models on plausibility. Applications include: determining the likelihood of everyday events, assessing the realism of hypothetical scenarios, and distinguishing between plausible and implausible statements in commonsense text. Ultimately, we intend for the dataset to support ongoing AI research by offering a robust foundation for developing models that are better aligned with human commonsense reasoning.

Abstract With the advent of large language models, evaluating and benchmarking these systems on important AI problems has taken on newfound importance. Such benchmarking typically involves comparing the predictions of a system against human labels (or a single ‘ground-truth’). However, much recent work in psychology has suggested that most tasks involving significant human judgment can have non-trivial degrees of noise. In his book, Kahneman suggests that noise may be a much more significant component of inaccuracy compared to bias, which has been studied more extensively in the AI community. This article proposes a detailed noise audit of human-labeled benchmarks in machine commonsense reasoning, an important current area of AI research. We conduct noise audits under two important experimental conditions: one in a smaller-scale but higher-quality labeling setting, and another in a larger-scale, more realistic online crowdsourced setting. Using Kahneman’s framework of noise, our results consistently show non-trivial amounts of level, pattern, and system noise, even in the higher-quality setting, with comparable results in the crowdsourced setting. We find that noise can significantly influence the performance estimates that we obtain of commonsense reasoning systems, even if the ‘system’ is a human; in some cases, by almost 10 percent. Labeling noise also affects performance estimates of systems like ChatGPT by more than 4 percent. Our results suggest that the default practice in the AI community of assuming and using a ‘single’ ground-truth, even on problems requiring seemingly straightforward human judgment, may warrant empirical and methodological re-visiting.

To address the insufficient consideration of public satisfaction's impact on the assessment of the implementation effectiveness of differentiated toll collection on expressways, a study was conducted using a satisfaction survey questionnaire from differentiated toll road sections in Yunnan Province in 2022. A random forest model (RF) was constructed under a two-category experiment to analyze the factors influencing satisfaction with expressway-differentiated toll policies. Multiple models underwent five-classification and two-classification experiments using the same training and test datasets. Results revealed that the RF model in the binary classification experiment exhibited a good fit. Notably, the satisfaction level with timely and accurate preferential policies emerged as the most critical factor, contributing 20.35% to the overall satisfaction with expressway differentiated toll policies. Independent effect analysis highlighted that the overall satisfaction with the differentiated charging method for empty trucks ranked highest, while satisfaction with the differentiated charging method for road sections was the lowest.

Abstract Endometrial cancer, one of the common gynecological malignancies, is affected by several influencing factors. This study established a unique patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model for the study of influencing factors in ER positive endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a high-fat diet can affect the growth of ER positive endometrial cancer PDOX model tumors. The tumor tissues were expanded by subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice, and then the subcutaneous tumor tissues were orthotopically implanted into the nude mouse uterus to establish the PDOX model. After modeling, they were divided into high-fat diet group and normal diet group for 8 weeks of feeding, which showed that high-fat diet significantly promoted tumor growth (P

Abstract The rapidly evolving landscape of biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) necessitates an integrative, updated repository. In response, we constructed the Colorectal Cancer Biomarker Database (CBD), which collected and displayed the curated biomedicine information for 870 CRC biomarkers in the previous study. Building on CBD, we have now developed CBD2, which includes information on 1569 newly reported biomarkers derived from different biological sources (DNA, RNA, protein, and others) and clinical applications (diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis). CBD2 also incorporates information on nonbiomarkers that have been identified as unsuitable for use as biomarkers in CRC. A key new feature of CBD2 is its network analysis function, by which users can investigate the visible and topological network between biomarkers and identify their relevant pathways. CBD2 also allows users to query a series of chemicals, drug combinations, or multiple targets, to enable multidrug, multitarget, multipathway analyses, toward facilitating the design of polypharmacological treatments for CRC. CBD2 is freely available at http://www.eyeseeworld.com/cbd.

Machine Common Sense Reasoning is the subfield of Artificial Intelligence that aims to enable machines to behave or make decisions similarly to humans in everyday and ordinary situations. To measure progress, benchmarks in the form of question-answering datasets have been developed and published in the community to evaluate machine commonsense models, including large language models. We describe the individual label data produced by six human annotators originally used in computing ground truth for the Theoretically-Grounded Commonsense Reasoning (TG-CSR) benchmark's composing datasets. According to a set of instructions, annotators were provided with spreadsheets containing the original TG-CSR prompts and asked to insert labels in specific spreadsheet cells during annotation sessions. TG-CSR data is organized in JSON files, individual raw label data in a spreadsheet file, and individual normalized label data in JSONL files. The release of individual labels can enable the analysis of the labeling process itself, including studies of noise and consistency across annotators.

ObjectiveOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder. Clinical severity is heterogeneous. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic characteristics of a fetus with OI by whole exome sequencing (WES) and identify the cause of the disease.MethodsIn this study, a fetus with osteogenic dysplasia was referred to our hospital. DNA was extracted from the aborted fetal tissue and peripheral blood of the parents. To identify the pathogenic genes, we conducted the trio-WES using DNA. A de novo variant in the COL1A1 gene is suspected to be the cause of the OI phenotype. We used Sanger sequencing for validation and various bioinformatics methods (such as SIFT, PolyPhen2, Mutation Taster, conservative analysis, SWISS Model, glycosylation site prediction, and I-Mutant 2.0) for analysis.ResultsBoth WES and Sanger sequencing identified a novel de novo variant of COL1A1 (c. 1309G>A, p. Gly437Ser) in a fetus with OI. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the affected residue, p. Gly437, was highly conserved in multiple species and predicted that the variant was deleterious and may have an impact on protein function. This variant is present in highly conserved glycine residues of Gly-X-Y sequence repeats of the triple helical region of the collagen type I α chain, which may be the cause of OI.ConclusionThis study revealed that the c.1309G>A (p. Gly437Ser) variant in the COL1A1 gene may be the genetic cause of fetal OI in this case. The discovery of this variant enriched the variation spectrum of OI. WES improves the accurate diagnosis of fetal OI, and doctors can provide patients with appropriate genetic counseling.

Abstract Besides chiral edge states, the hallmark of quantum Hall insulators, antichiral edge states can exhibit unidirectional transport behavior but in topological semimetals. Although such edge states provide more flexibility for molding the flow of light, their realization usually suffers from time-reversal breaking. In this study, we propose the realization of antichiral surface states in a time-reversal-invariant manner and demonstrate our idea with a three-dimensional (3D) photonic metacrystal. Our system is a photonic semimetal possessing two asymmetrically dispersed Dirac nodal lines. Via dimension reduction, the nodal lines are rendered a pair of offset Dirac points. By introducing synthetic gauge flux, each two-dimensional (2D) subsystem with nonzero k z is analogous to a modified Haldane model, yielding a k z -dependent antichiral surface transport. Through microwave experiments, the bulk dispersion with asymmetric nodal lines and associated twisted ribbon surface states are demonstrated in our 3D time-reversal-invariant system. Although our idea is demonstrated in a photonic system, we propose a general approach to realize antichiral edge states in time-reversal-invariant systems. This approach can be easily extended to systems beyond photonics and may pave the way for further applications of antichiral transport.

Objectives The transtibial pull‐out repair (TP) is a relatively new method for treating meniscal root tear; however, the clinical evaluation of its healing effect remains controversial. Due to ethical constraints and limitations of imaging techniques in humans, here we dynamically observe the healing effects of TP and TP with platelet‐rich plasma gel (PRG) at the histological level using an animal model. Methods Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and PRG of rabbits were prepared. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) levels in PRP and PRG were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A rabbit model of anterior horn tear of the medial meniscus and TP surgery were created. PRG was injected between the anterior horn of the medial meniscus and the tibial tunnel. Rabbits were divided into three groups: the anterior horn tear group (Tear group), the anterior horn tear + TP group (TP group), and the anterior horn tear + TP + PRG group (TP + PRG group). The healing effect was observed dynamically using histopathological studies and biomechanical experiments. Results The platelet content in PRP significantly increased to approximately 4.57 times that of whole blood. PDGF and TGF‐β1 concentrations in PRG increased to 2.46 and 4.15 times those in PRP, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining showed that the number of inflammatory cells in healing tissue decreased and the collagen fibers significantly increased in TP and TP + PRG groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively compared to those in Tear group. Neatly arranged, interlaced, and dense collagen fibers were found between the anterior horn and bone at 12 weeks. H&E and toluidine blue staining showed that the injury to the femoral condyle cartilage was alleviated. The healing performance in TP + PRG group was better and faster than that in TP group. The maximum tensile fracture strength of the meniscus progressively increased at 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions Anterior horn injury of the medial meniscus in rabbits can be repaired using the TP technique, and the addition of autologous PRG to the bone tunnel promotes early healing of the meniscus and bone postoperatively. Meanwhile, both treatments can reduce the secondary damage to the cartilage due to osteoarthritis.

Electrical impedance tomography is an emerging technique for brain disease detection. Generally, it requires that electrodes should be equidistantly placed around the detected region. However, this may be not possible for some patients who are undergoing post-surgical monitoring. Aiming at this problem, four kinds of non-uniform electrode arrangements are developed. To accurately detect the location of intracranial hemorrhage, a novel classification method based on a priori information of electrode arrangement is also proposed in this paper. According to the electrode arrangement information, the weight which corresponds to different kinds of electrode arrangement is separately determined during the training process. The proposed method is quantitatively evaluated with basic test dataset, test datasets under noise interruption, test datasets in the case of large contact impedance, test datasets with conductivity variation in different layers, and test datasets when considering modeling error and double inclusions. Comparisons with general classification methods are also conducted. The results show that the proposed method with residual network incorporated outperforms the classification methods of fully connected neural network and residual network. For all the test datasets, the results show that the accuracy is higher than 0.9 and the specificity reaches as high as 1 when the proposed method incorporating residual network is used.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of blended learning in clinical medicine teaching in China using Meta-analysis, so as to provide a reference for cultivating clinical medical talents and improving the quality of medical education.Methods PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Data, and SinoMed databases were searched for studies investigating blended learning in clinical medicine teaching. Literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment were independently conducted by two researchers. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata12.0 software. Heterogeneity was evaluated by subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analysis was performed to detect the influence of any single study on the overall prevalence estimates.Results A total of 66 studies were included with significant between-study heterogeneity. The results of a Meta-analysis based on a random-effects model showed that blended learning had a significantly better positive effect size on theoretical knowledge [SMD=1.73, 95%CI(1.32, 2.15), P

Background and aimsSurgical site infection is a common complication after surgery. Periprocedural antibiotics are necessary to prescribe for preventing or treating infections. The present study aimed to explore the effect of intravenous antibiotics on gut microbiota and menaquinone biosynthesis in patients, especially in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsA total of 388 fecal samples were collected from 154 cardiac surgery patients. The V3–V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced on a MiSeq PE300. The gut microbiota diversity of samples was analyzed in terms of α- and β-diversity at the OTU level. The different groups were classified according to antibiotics in combinations and single antibiotics. PICRUSt2 was used for preliminary prediction of the gut microbiota function for menaquinone biosynthesis.ResultsThe intravenously administered antibiotics which are excreted via bile represents the main antibiotics that could disturb the gut microbiota’s composition in cardiac surgery patients, especially for elderly patients. The effect of antibiotics on gut microbiota is produced after antibiotics treatments over one week. The recovery of gut microbiota to the state of pre-antibiotics may require over two weeks of antibiotics withdrawal. Sex factor doesn’t represent as an influencer in gut microbiota composition. Long-term use of cefoperazone-sulbactam may affect coagulation function.ConclusionsThe composition of the gut microbiota had a significant change post-intravenous antibiotics treatment in cardiac surgery patients. The richness and diversity of gut microbiota are increased in elderly patients.

Background: Caring for grandchildren has been a normative, pragmatic and prevalent practice in China, while its association with the well-being of grandparents remains inconclusive. This study aims to illustrate whether and how the provision of grandchild care is related to grandparents’ life satisfaction, and how the relationship is contingent on the features of grandparents. Methods: Using data from the 2018 wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we apply ordered logistic model to examine the link between caregiving intensity and life satisfaction. Results: Provision of moderate grandchild care is associated with better life satisfaction, as caregiving grandparents participate in social activities more actively and feel more confident in the future. The association between intensive child care and life satisfaction remains insignificant, as its detrimental effect might wipe out the benefits. The positive association between moderate caregiving and life satisfaction is more pronounced among male, younger, rural grandparents and grandparents not co-residing with their children. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that caring for grandchildren is not necessarily beneficial for grandparents. Attenuating the load of child care as well as enhancing social and economic support to caregivers would help them better reap the benefits of grandchild care.

Breast cancer and gynecological tumors seriously endanger women’s physical and mental health, fertility, and quality of life. Due to standardized surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the prognosis and overall survival of cancer patients have improved compared to earlier, but the management of advanced disease still faces great challenges. Recently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have been clinically approved for breast and gynecological cancer patients, significantly improving their quality of life, especially of patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. However, drug resistance faced by PARPi therapy has hindered its clinical promotion. Therefore, developing new drug strategies to resensitize cancers affecting women to PARPi therapy is the direction of our future research. Currently, the effects of PARPi in combination with other drugs to overcome drug resistance are being studied. In this article, we review the mechanisms of PARPi resistance and summarize the current combination of clinical trials that can improve its resistance, with a view to identify the best clinical treatment to save the lives of patients.

BackgroundPost-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric diseases in patients with stroke, and it can increase the disability rate, mortality, and recurrence rate of stroke. Currently, many clinical studies have indicated that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as acupuncture and herbs, Western medicine, rehabilitation, repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation, and other treatment methods, are effective in treating PSD. However, no study has formulated a comprehensive treatment plan that integrates TCM, Western medicine, and rehabilitation for PSD. Thus, this trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of integrative medicine for treating PSD.MethodsThis multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled study aims to form a set of effective clinical treatment schemes that integrate TCM, Western medicine, and rehabilitation for PSD. A total of 202 participants recruited from four centers will be randomized into either the integrative medicine or standard care group. Standard care—basic treatment, general nursing care, and exercise therapy—will be provided to all participants. The integrative medicine group will also receive acupuncture, Chinese herbs, and repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Participants will receive acupuncture and rTMS treatments five times per week for 4 weeks and will be administered Chinese herbs, basic treatment, general nursing care, and exercise therapy for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes include the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL). And the secondary outcomes include the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). All outcome measures will be evaluated at baseline, week 4 (the end of the treatment courses), and week 8 (the end of follow-up). Safety assessments will be performed throughout the study.DiscussionThis study is expected to verify the efficacy and safety of integrative medicine for treating PSD, providing an evidence-based clinical reference for the future development of a standardized scheme.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05187975

Objective To describe a surgical technique using suture tape for reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). This technique restores the stability of the reconstructed ligament and has excellent postoperative outcomes. Method This is a retrospective analysis. From January 2016 to June 2018, 17 patients underwent MPFL reconstruction using high‐strength suture (FiberTape; Arthrex) augmentation, with at least 12 months of follow up. There were 11 female and 6 male patients. The mean age at the time of MPFL reconstruction was 22.1 years (range 13–34 years). Clinical outcomes included pain level, knee range of motion, passive patellar hypermobility, and maltracking at follow‐up. The lateral patellofemoral angles, congruence angles, and patellar tilt angles were measured in a skyline view by CT at 30° of knee flexion at 12 months. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Lysholm knee scoring scale, the SF‐12 score, the Tegner score, and the Crosby and Insall grading system at yearly follow‐up. Result No patients were lost at the last follow up. One patient had recurrence of patellar dislocation and none of the others had serious complications. The success rate of MPFL repair for preventing recurrent dislocations was 94.1% (16 of 17 knees). Fifteen knees had full range of motion of more than 130°. At follow‐up, 2 knees were judged to have mild hypermobility and none had severe hypermobility or maltracking. Using the Crosby and Insall grading system, 12 knees (70.6%) were graded as excellent, 4 knees (23.5%) as good, 1 knee (5.9%) as fair to poor, and none as worse at the last follow‐up assessment. In all patients, the Lysholm knee score (55.12 ± 13.52 vs 79.88 ± 7.50, P

Endophytic microbes are a ubiquitous group of plant-associated communities that colonize the intercellular or intracellular host tissues while providing numerous beneficial effects to the plants. All the plant species are thought to be associated with endophytes, majorly constituted with bacteria and fungi. During the last two decades, there has been a considerable movement toward the study of endophytes associated with coffee plants. In this review, the main consideration is given to address the coffee-associated endophytic bacteria and fungi, particularly their action on plant growth promotion and the biocontrol of pests. In addition, we sought to identify and analyze the gaps in the available research. Additionally, the potential of endophytes to improve the quality of coffee seeds is briefly discussed. Even though there are limited studies on the subject, the potentiality of coffee endophytes in plant growth promotion through enhancing nitrogen fixation, availability of minerals, nutrient absorption, secretion of phytohormones, and other bioactive metabolites has been well recognized. Further, the antagonistic effect against various coffee pathogenic bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and also insect pests leads to the protection of the crop. Furthermore, it is recognized that endophytes enhance the sensory characteristics of coffee as a new field of study.

Background Common peroneal nerve palsy (CPNP) is a rare but serious complication following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The common peroneal nerve is one of the main molecules of the sciatic nerve. CPNP is a series of symptoms caused by common peroneal nerve injury due to paralysis and atrophy of the fibula and tibia muscles. The main clinical symptoms are: ankle joint unable to extend back, toe unable to extend back, foot droop, walking in a steppage gait, and foot dorsal skin sensation having decreased or disappeared. If treatment is not timely, severe cases may result in atrophy of the anterior tibia and lateral calf muscles. The risk factors for CPNP include mechanical stretching of the nerve, disruption of the blood supply to the nerve, and compression of the nerve. The CPNP should be treated in a timely manner and according to the cause. Its function should be restored as soon as possible to avoid serious adverse consequences. It has negative effects on patients’ life and physical and mental health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe CPNP due to a giant fabella after TKA. Case presentation The present study reported on a 70‐year‐old female patient. The patient underwent a primary TKA of the right knee for osteoarthritis. Relevant examinations were conducted and the operation went smoothly. Three hours postoperation, a right partial CPNP was observed, with progressive aggravation over time. On palpation, there was a 2 × 2‐cm fixed hard mass in the posterolateral aspect of the right knee, with mild tenderness to deep palpation. Radiographs demonstrated that a giant fabella was located at the posterolateral condyle of the right femur. Fabellectomy and neurolysis of the common peroneal nerve were performed. The peroneal nerve palsy resolved gradually after the operation. At 8‐month follow up after fabellectomy and neurolysis, the function of the common peroneal nerve had fully recovered. Conclusions The presence of giant feballa pressing on the common peroneal nerve should be considered when common peroneal nerve palsy occurs after TKA. Surgical exploration and release compression should be performed in a timely manner.

Myocardial infarction knowledge base (MIKB; http://www.sysbio.org.cn/mikb/; latest update: December 31, 2020) is an open-access and manually curated database dedicated to integrating knowledge about MI to improve the efficiency of translational MI research. MIKB is an updated and expanded version of our previous MI Risk Knowledge Base (MIRKB), which integrated MI-related risk factors and risk models for providing help in risk assessment or diagnostic prediction of MI. The updated MIRKB includes 9701 records with 2054 single factors, 209 combined factors, 243 risk models, 37 MI subtypes and 3406 interactions between single factors and MIs collected from 4817 research articles. The expanded functional module, i.e. MIGD, is a database including not only MI associated genetic variants, but also the other multi-omics factors and the annotations for their functional alterations. The goal of MIGD is to provide a multi-omics level understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of MI. MIGD includes 1782 omics factors, 28 MI subtypes and 2347 omics factor-MI interactions as well as 1253 genes and 6 chromosomal alterations collected from 2647 research articles. The functions of MI associated genes and their interaction with drugs were analyzed. MIKB will be continuously updated and optimized to provide precision and comprehensive knowledge for the study of heterogeneous and personalized MI.

Objective To explore the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese medical students in mainland China during 2007 to 2020, so as to provide evidence for the prevention of suicide in medical students and the development of their psychological health education.Methods PubMed, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang, and China Biology Medicine databases were searched for studies investigating the incidence of suicidal ideation among Chinese medical students in mainland China, between January 1, 2007 to October 31, 2020. After study screening and selection, data extraction and methodological quality assessment according to preset inclusion and exclusion criterion, meta-analysis was conducted using Stata12.0 software.Results A total of 39 studies involving 92,363 participants were included. During 2007 to 2020, the prevalence of suicidal ideation of medical students ranged from 0.84% to 41.35%. The results of meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 11.73% (95%CI = 7.69%-16.48%). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression showed the result was stably. No significant publication bias was found.Conclusions The prevalence of suicidal ideation among medical students in mainland China is relatively high in recent years. We suggest that psychological health education of medical students should be paid more attention at the school level, and the communication between counselors and tutors and students should be normalized.

Abstract Background This study investigated the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) in the tissues of rat models of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its correlation with PCOS. Methods Six-weeks-old female specific pathogen-free rats (n = 60) were divided into blank control, PCOS model, and metformin groups (n = 20/group). After 21 days of metformin intervention, the serum sex hormones, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance (IR) of rats in each group were measured. The mRNA levels of ANGPTL2, Foxol, and Akt in the ovarian tissues were monitored by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of serum sex hormones, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and IR in the model group showed significant increases, and the levels of ANGPTL2, Foxol, and Akt in the ovarian tissue also showed significant increases. Compared with the PCOS group, the serum sex hormones, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and IR of rats in the metformin group were significantly decreased, and the levels of ANGPTL2, Foxol, and Akt in ovarian tissues also showed significant decreases. Conclusions These findings suggest that ANGPTL2 might participate in the development of PCOS through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Metformin improves IR by reducing the expression of ANGPTL2, thus improving the endocrine environment of PCOS and might change the disease outcome.

Although sufficient attention has been paid to residents' attitudes to tourism in previous studies, few studies have used residents' attitudes to tourists and tourism simultaneously to explain their support for tourism. This study fills this gap by examining the effect of place image and host–tourist interactions on residents' attitudes to tourists and tourism, respectively, and their consequent reactions by considering the moderating effect of Chinese traditionality. The proposed model is tested using data from 357 residents living in Huangshan, a fifth-tier city in China. Results demonstrate that attitudes to tourism and host-tourists interaction positively affect their pro-tourism behaviours. Moreover, attitudes to tourism mediate place the image's, host–tourists interaction's and attitudes to tourists' respective relationships with pro-tourism behaviours. Furthermore, the higher the Chinese traditionality of residents, the stronger the influence of their attitudes to tourism on pro-tourism behaviours. However, the relationship of place image and attitudes of residents towards tourists with pro-tourism behaviours are not supported. Findings offer critical implications for planners, practitioners and interested researchers.

Kinesin family member 2C (KIF2C) is known as an oncogenic gene to regulate tumor progression and metastasis. However, its pan-cancer analysis has not been reported. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of KIF2C in various cancers. We found that KIF2C was highly expressed and corresponded to a poor prognosis in various cancers. We also found a significant correlation between KIF2C and clinicopathological characteristics, particularly in cervical cancer, which is the most common gynecological malignancy and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. KIF2C mutation is strongly associated with the survival rate of cervical cancer, and KIF2C expression was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cervical cancer cells. Moreover, KIF2C promoted cervical cancer cells proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and as well increased tumor growth in vivo. KIF2C knockdown promotes the activation of the p53 signaling pathway by regulating the expression of related proteins. The rescue assay with KIF2C and p53 double knockdown partially reversed the inhibitory influence of KIF2C silencing on cervical cancer processes. In summary, our study provided a relatively comprehensive description of KIF2C as an oncogenic gene and suggested KIF2C as a therapeutic target for cervical cancer.

Although it is widely acknowledged that older adults who have gone through negative life events are more likely to develop depression, there is limited evidence on whether and which type of social ties moderate this perceived relationship. Based on 2016 and 2018 waves of Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (4,466 individuals, 8,932 observations), we apply linear fixed effects models and confirm that negative life events are associated with depressive symptoms for older adults (Coef. = 0.35; 95% CIs 0.11–0.61), and social ties are negatively associated with depression (Coef. = −0.08; 95% CIs −0.10 to −0.07). Our study further suggests that the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms is significantly moderated by friendship ties (Coef. = −0.18, 95% CIs −0.30 to −0.07), rather than family ties (Coef. = −0.03, 95% CIs −0.09 to 0.15). Moreover, the buffering effects of friendship ties are more prominent for the less resilient and less privileged groups, namely male, rural, and less educated older adults. Our findings point to the importance of expanding and strengthening social networks for Chinese older adults in promoting their psychological health.

Abstract Background Despite accumulating evidence on the protective effect of tea consumption against depression, studies specifically focusing on the elderly population are yet limited. This paper examined the association between the frequency and duration of tea drinking and depressive symptoms of older adults by gender and age groups, based on a nationally representative sample in China. Method The study employed the panel data from 2005, 2008/2009, 2011/2012 and 2014 waves of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We used the frequency and consistency of tea drinking behaviors to identify four types of tea consumption amongst Chinese seniors. Depressive symptoms were assessed by a five-item scale. Linear mixed effects models were applied. Results We found that consistent and frequent tea-drinking was associated with significantly less depressive symptoms, and such impact was partially mediated by socioeconomic status, health behavior, physical health, cognitive function, and social engagement. However, the association was only significant for males and the oldest-old, rather than females and younger elders. Conclusions Consistent and frequent tea-drinking may effectively reduce the risk of depressive symptoms for the Chinese elderly. The promotion of the traditional lifestyle of tea drinking could be a cost-effective way towards healthy aging for China.

Fermented minor grain (MG) foods often have unique nutritional value and functional characteristics, which are important for developing dietary culture worldwide. As a kind of special raw material in fermented food, minor grains have special functional components, such as trace elements, dietary fiber, and polyphenols. Fermented MG foods have excellent nutrients, phytochemicals, and bioactive compounds and are consumed as a rich source of probiotic microbes. Thus, the purpose of this review is to introduce the latest progress in research related to the fermentation products of MGs. Specific discussion is focused on the classification of fermented MG foods and their nutritional and health implications, including studies of microbial diversity, functional components, and probiotic potential. Furthermore, this review discusses how mixed fermentation of grain mixtures is a better method for developing new functional foods to increase the nutritional value of meals based on cereals and legumes in terms of dietary protein and micronutrients.

In this paper, a third harmonic injection sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (THISPWM) method based on alternating carrier polarity (ACP) is proposed for three-phase PWM inverter. Compared with the space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM), the THISPWM has the advantage of lower low-frequency common mode voltage (CMV). However, the phase of the third harmonic injected must be strictly synchronous with the phase of the reference voltage. The synchronization will cause the difficulty of the injected third harmonic generation. First, the relationship between the injected third harmonic and the reference voltage of the PWM inverter output is analyzed to obtain a real-time conversion method, thereby solving the synchronization problem. Then, a modulation method based on ACP is proposed to eliminate zero switch states of the PWM inverter. The middle amplitude-modulated voltage is used to select the negative polarity carrier. In addition, the low-frequency and high-frequency CMV, which are separately defined according to the modulated fundamental voltage frequency and the carrier frequency, are taken into account. Therefore, the analysis results manifest that the proposed method could suppress both the low-frequency and high-frequency CMVs and has the same voltage utilization as the SVPWM. Finally, a three-phase PWM inverter circuit based on an FPGA was built, and the experimental results verified the proposed method.

The arm inductors of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) system are the necessity for the operation of the system, and the two kinds of arm inductors exist: separated inductor and coupled inductor (CI). The impact of series connection CIs on the MMC has not been fully explored. This paper provides an accurate estimation of the circulating currents of the CIs based MMC with a variety of two-stage configurations by using the combinations of positive- and negative-coupled inductors. In addition to this, a decoupling equivalent method is developed and equivalent circuits of each CI configuration are proposed. The influences of two-stage CIs on the harmonic components in circulating currents are discussed with emphasis on the even-order harmonic through the proposed estimation methodology. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed estimation as well as decoupling equivalent method. Finally, the correctness of theoretical analysis is validated with experiments.

There has been increased usage of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in the medium-voltage traction drives for increased efficiency and reduced switching losses. One of the disadvantages of utilizing the conventional nearest level modulation (NLM) scheme is the poor performance of output voltage distortion and dynamic response. The control design of low-frequency ratio for the MMC system with a small number of power modules should, therefore, be considered due to the industrial operation requirements. This paper focuses on the voltage state switching mechanism of a discrete-time low-frequency-ratio NLM strategy. A five-segment voltage state allocation guideline based on voltage state smooth transition is analyzed in the discrete-time domain. The proposed strategy features a linearly synthesized output voltage by means of simple arithmetic calculations to determine the switching sequences and the duration times. The overall strategy benefits from reduced dv/dt in the rising/falling edges of the output voltage and the unnecessary switching actions are highly constrained. The simulation analysis and the experimental results validate the proposed modulation strategy and establish its effectiveness.

For brushless dc motor operating at ideal commutation point, the angle of the phase current vector will lag behind that of the back electromotive force (EMF) vector due to the motor phase inductance. The lag angle increases the root-mean-square (rms) value of phase current under a certain average torque output, which results in more heat and less efficiency, especially at high rotational velocity. The principle that the angle of ideal current vector is equal to that of the back EMF vector at the center of a conduction sector is analyzed. A novel advance compensation method for commutation point is proposed based on the principle. The advance angle is calculated in real time according to the phase current, the inductance, and the flux linkage established by the magnet of the motor. By conducting the voltage vector of voltage source inverter before the ideal commutation point in advance, the lag of the phase current would be eliminated. Thereby, the rms value of the phase current is reduced. Finally, both simulation and experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The ultrasonic energy field was applied during the twin-roll casting of 8011 aluminium alloy. The effects of ultrasonic vibration treatment on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the 8011 strips were investigated by means of metallographic microscope observation, scanning electron microscope observation, electron backscattered diffraction and mechanical properties test. The average grain size of the strips decreased from ∼90 μm to ∼70 μm and the maximum density of texture decreased from 19.4 to 15. The content of Fe and Si in the precipitated phases decreased from 12.1% to 6.79%–6.4% and 1.78%, and the segregation phenomenon was restrained effectively. What's more, the mechanical properties of the strips were enhanced: the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation increased by 5.83%, 13.04% and 4.2%, respectively. Keywords: 8011 aluminium alloy, Ultrasonic twin-roll casting, Microstructure, Precipitated phases, Mechanical properties, Texture

Electric bikes play an important role in the urban transportation system in China. Yellow-light running behavior of riders is one of the most critical factors for e-bike riders involved in traffic crashes at intersection. The main purpose of this study is to explore how a variety of factors affect e-bike riders’ yellow-light running behaviors at intersection by a field observation conducted in Xi’an, China. Based on 396 e-bike riders who faced yellow-light samples, two analytical methods, the principle component analysis logistics model and a base logistics model, were employed to evaluate the impacts of contributing factors on e-bike riders’ yellow-light running behavior. The modeling results showed that seven variables significantly affect the e-bike riders’ yellow-light running behavior, which were the approaching speed of e-bike, the distance to stop line, riders’ age and gender attributes, type of e-bike, and the characteristics of intersection including the width of intersection and the existence of physical barriers. This study can provide valuable insights into understanding e-bike riders’ yellow-light running behavior and may also help decision makers propose countermeasures to reduce e-bike rider-related crashes at intersection.

Few prior studies have investigated place image from the residents’ perspective, how this and residents’ place attachment influence attitude to tourism, and consequent reactions. Accordingly, this study aims to develop a model for local residents’ pro-tourism behavioral intention and to discover the relationships between constructs. Analysis was based on a sample of 370 residents in Huangshan City, China. Results indicate that residents’ attitude to tourism positively affects their pro-tourism behavioral intention. Residents’ place image is found to positively relate to place attachment and attitude to tourism, while place attachment is also related to attitude and pro-tourism behavioral intention. In addition, attitude to tourism mediates place image’s and place attachment’s respective relationships with pro-tourism behavioral intention. Lastly, place image indirectly impacts residents’ attitude to tourism and pro-tourism behavioral intention through place attachment. However, the positive relationship between place image and pro-tourism behavioral intention is not supported. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Background: Geographic proximity between parents and children is increasingly recognized as an alternative measure to coresidence as a gauge for intergenerational support in China. The quality of intergenerational relationships is another important dimension of intergenerational ties that is often underexplored. Objective: We examine the association between parent-child proximity and life satisfaction of older adults and how it interacts with the quality of intergenerational relationships, particularly for vulnerable subpopulations. Methods: We use data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS 2014). We use ordered logit models to predict life satisfaction scores (ranged 1 to 4). Results: Our analyses show that parent-child relationship quality is strongly associated with life satisfaction, regardless of living proximity, in our full sample analysis. For those who have a lower-quality relationship with their children, coresidence or close-distance living does not enhance life satisfaction and they indeed have lower life satisfaction than those parents who have all children living farther away but maintain a high-quality relationship with them. At the same time, for those who have a high-quality relationship with their children, we find that close proximity provides added benefits for the subpopulations who are socioeconomically or physically disadvantaged, that is, female, urban, unmarried, and disabled (in terms of being capable of activities of daily living, or ADL) older adults. Conclusions: We recognize the interdependence of the quality of the intergenerational ties and parent-child proximity in promoting life satisfaction, particularly for subpopulations who are in stronger need of support from adult children. Contribution: Our study clearly points to the importance of extending the research on intergenerational relationship beyond the boundary of the household and of paying close attention to the affective dimension of intergenerational ties.

This study investigated the effect of water stress, simulated by the polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) method, on nitrogen (N) metabolism in leaves and roots of hydroponically grown sweet potato seedlings, Xushu 32 (X32) and Ningzishu 1 (N1). The concentrations of PEG-6000 treatments were 0%, 5% and 10% (m/v). The results showed that the drought-treated plants showed a decline leaf relative water content, and revealed severe growth inhibition, compared with the 0% treatment. Under drought stress, the decline in biomass of the leaf and stem was more noticeable than in root biomass for X32, leading to a higher root to shoot ratio. Drought stress increased the nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) and protein in leaves, but reduced all the activities of N-metabolism enzymes and the transcriptional levels of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT); in roots, NO3−-N and NR had opposite trends. The leaf ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), GS and amino acid had different trends between X32 and N1 under drought stress. Furthermore, the transcriptional level of nitrate transporter genes NRT1.1 in leaves and roots were upregulated under drought stress, except in N1 roots. In conclusion, NR determined the different response to drought in leaves for X32 and N1, and GS and GOGAT determined the response to drought in roots, respectively.

Energy and failure are separately managed in scheduling problems despite the commonalities between these optimization problems. In this paper, an energy- and failure-aware continuous production scheduling problem (EFACPS) at the unit process level is investigated, starting from the construction of a centralized combinatorial optimization model combining energy saving and failure reduction. Traditional deterministic scheduling methods are difficult to rapidly acquire an optimal or near-optimal schedule in the face of frequent machine failures. An improved genetic algorithm (IGA) using a customized microbial genetic evolution strategy is proposed to solve the EFACPS problem. The IGA is integrated with three features: Memory search, problem-based randomization, and result evaluation. Based on real production cases from Soubry N.V., a large pasta manufacturer in Belgium, Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) are carried out to compare the performance of IGA with a conventional genetic algorithm (CGA) and a baseline random choice algorithm (RCA). Simulation results demonstrate a good performance of IGA and the feasibility to apply it to EFACPS problems. Large-scale experiments are further conducted to validate the effectiveness of IGA.

Background: The female labor force participation rate in China has experienced a significant decline over the past two decades. Existing studies attribute this decline to the retreat of government protection of female employment and growing gender discrimination in the labor market, while overlooking other factors such as changing living arrangements. Objective: This paper aims to explore the causal effect of coresidence or nearby residence with parents on female labor supply in China. Methods: Based on a paired sample of middle-aged married women and their elderly parents, we apply the instrumental variable approach to correct for the endogeneity of living arrangement. Results: We show that women coresiding with their parents are 27.9 percentage points more likely to work than those living apart, and women living with their parents in the same neighborhood are 34.9 percentage points more likely to work than those living in a different neighborhood. Also, on average, coresidence or nearby residence with parents significantly increases women's work time by 20-26 hours per week. The positive impacts of this living arrangement are more prominent in urban areas than in rural areas. We also show that intergenerational coresidence allows women to share the burden of housework with their parents, thus leading to increased labor supply. Conclusions: Our study offers a fresh explanation for the drop in female labor force participation in China since 1990. Policies directed towards encouraging intergenerational coresidence would be effective in improving female labor supply. Contribution: This paper brings new evidence on the causal relationship between living arrangement and female labor supply in China.

Based on the unique longitudinal data of the elderly aged 65+ with a sufficiently large sub-sample of the oldest-old aged 85+ from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, we construct a resilience scale with 7 indicators for the Chinese elderly, based on the framework of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Cox proportional hazards regression model estimates show that, after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and initial health status, the total resilience score and most factors of the resilience scale are significantly associated with reduced mortality risk among the young-old and oldest-old. Although the causal mechanisms remain to be investigated, effective measures to promote resilience are likely to have a positive effect on longevity of the elderly in China.