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Abstract BRCC3 isopeptidase complex (BRISC) is a JAMM subfamily deubiquitinase that has been revealed to be required for optional activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. BRISC plays an important role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure, while its functional contribution to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is still unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of BRISC components was increased in liver tissues of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) animal models and patients with AH. Mice lacking either the scaffold subunit ABRO1 or the catalytic subunit BRCC3 showed attenuated liver steatosis, inflammation, and liver injury compared to control mice after chronic plus binge ethanol feeding. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of BRISC activity by a BRISC inhibitor thiolutin potently protected mice from ALD development. Preliminary mechanistical studies showed that BRISC deficiency did not directly affect alcohol-induced hepatocyte injury or the translocation of LPS through the damaged gut mucosa after ethanol feeding, but prevented alcohol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in liver. Collectively, our work revealed a previously unknown role of BRISC in ALD and suggested that BRISC may serve as a promising therapeutic target for ALD treatment.

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects, is beneficial for various cardiac disorders. However, FGF21’s role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. Here, we show that elevated circulating FGF21 levels are negatively associated with cardiac diastolic function in patients with HFpEF. Global or adipose FGF21 deficiency exacerbates cardiac diastolic dysfunction and damage in high-fat diet (HFD) plus N[w]-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced HFpEF mice, whereas these effects are notably reversed by FGF21 replenishment. Mechanistically, FGF21 enhances the production of adiponectin (APN), which in turn indirectly acts on cardiomyocytes, or FGF21 directly targets cardiomyocytes, to negatively regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) production by activating PI3K/AKT signals, then promoting mitochondrial bioenergetics. Additionally, APN deletion strikingly abrogates FGF21’s protective effects against HFpEF, while genetic PDK4 inactivation markedly mitigates HFpEF in mice. Thus, FGF21 protects against HFpEF via fine-tuning the multiorgan crosstalk among the adipose, liver, and heart.

Abstract Ferroptosis plays a critical role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), posing a significant clinical challenge. Nanoenzymes like cerium oxide (CeO2) hold promise for mitigating oxidative damage and inhibiting ferroptosis, but their delivery efficiency and biological activity require optimization. This study aims to develop a targeted nanozyme delivery system for MIRI treatment by integrating CeO2 with mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) and dexrazoxane (DXZ) to achieve synergistic therapeutic effects. A biomineralization technique was used to synthesize CeO2 nanoparticles (2–3 nm) within mPDA, forming ~ 130 nm composite nanoparticles (Ce@mPDA). Surface modifications with cardiac homing peptide (CHP) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) enabled hierarchical targeting to injured myocardium and mitochondria. DXZ-loaded Ce@mPDA-C/P nanoparticles (D/Ce@mPDA-C/P) were evaluated in vitro and in a MIRI mouse model for their effects on oxidative stress, ferroptosis, apoptosis, inflammation, and cardiac function. D/Ce@mPDA-C/P nanoparticles exhibited robust ROS scavenging, sustained DXZ release, and efficient myocardial and mitochondrial targeting. The D/Ce@mPDA-C/P system significantly reduced oxidative stress, upregulated GPX4 expression, inhibited ferroptosis, and modulated the inflammatory microenvironment. Long-term studies in a MIRI mouse model demonstrated reductions in myocardial fibrosis and improvements in cardiac function, including enhanced fractional shortening and ejection fraction. This hierarchical targeting delivery system effectively combines the antioxidant properties of CeO2 with the iron-chelating effects of DXZ, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for MIRI. This approach may expand the clinical use of DXZ and advance nanomedicine-based interventions for myocardial repair. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Mutation in genes involved in DNA replication continuously disrupt DNA replication and give rise to genomic instability, a critical driver of oncogenesis. To prevent leukemia, immature T lymphocytes with genomic instability often undergo rapid cell death during development. However, the mechanism by which immature T lymphocytes undergo rapid cell death upon genomic instability has been enigmatic. Here we show that zebrafish mcm5 mutation leads to DNA damage in immature T lymphocytes and the immature T cells sensitively undergo rapid cell death. Detailed analyses demonstrated that the immature T lymphocytes undergo rapid apoptosis via upregulation of tp53 and downregulation of bcl2 transcription in mcm5 mutants. Mechanistically, Mcm5 directly binds to Stat1a and facilitates its phosphorylation to enhance bcl2a expression under the conditions of DNA replication stress. However, in mcm5 mutants, the absence of the Mcm5-Stat1 complex decreases Stat1 phosphorylation and subsequent bcl2a transcription, accelerating apoptosis of immature T lymphocytes with genomic instability. Furthermore, our study shows that the role of Mcm5 in T-cell development is conserved in mice. In conclusion, our work identifies a role of Mcm5 in regulating T cell development via Stat1-Bcl2 cascade besides its role in DNA replication, providing a kind of mechanism by which immature T cells with gene mutation-induced DNA damage are rapidly cleared during T lymphocyte development.

Low-frequency Ultra-WideBand (UWB) radar offers significant advantages in the field of human activity recognition owing to its excellent penetration and resolution. To address the issues of high computational complexity and extensive network parameters in existing action recognition algorithms, this study proposes an efficient and lightweight human activity recognition method using UWB radar based on spatiotemporal point clouds. First, four-dimensional motion data of the human body are collected using UWB radar. A discrete sampling method is then employed to convert the radar images into point cloud representations. Because human activity recognition is a classification problem on time series, this paper combines the PointNet++ network with the Transformer network to propose a lightweight spatiotemporal network. By extracting and analyzing the spatiotemporal features of four-dimensional point clouds, end-to-end human activity recognition is achieved. During the model training process, a multithreshold fusion method is proposed for point cloud data to further enhance the model’s generalization and recognition capabilities. The proposed method is then validated using a public four-dimensional radar imaging dataset and compared with existing methods. The results show that the proposed method achieves a human activity recognition rate of 96.75% while consuming fewer parameters and computational resources, thereby verifying its effectiveness.

Introduction: Advanced maternal age is associated with reduced implantation and pregnancy rates, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and research models are limited. Objectives: Here, we aim to elucidate the impacts of senescence on implantation ability by employing blastoids to construct a novel research model. Methods: We used a novel three-dimensional system with totipotent blastomere-like cells (TBLCs) to construct TBL-blastoids and established senescence-related embryo models derived from oxidative stress-induced TBLCs. Results: Morphological and transcriptomic analyses revealed that TBL-blastoids exhibited characteristic blastocyst morphology, cell lineages, and a higher consistency in developmental rate. TBL-blastoids demonstrated the ability to develop into postimplantation structures in vitro and successfully implanted into mouse uteri, inducing decidualization and forming embryonic tissues. Importantly, senescence impaired the implantation potential of TBL-blastoids, effectively mimicking the impaired implantation ability and reduced pregnancy rates associated with advanced age. Furthermore, analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human homologous deciduae revealed enrichment in multiple fertility-related diseases and other complications of pregnancy. The genes implicated in these diseases and the common DEGs identified in the lineage-like cells of the two types of TBL-blastoids and deciduae may represent potential targets for addressing impaired implantation potential. Conclusion: These results unveiled that TBL blastoids are an improved model for investigating implantation and early postimplantation, offering valuable insights into pregnancy-related disorders in women with advanced age and potential targets for therapeutic interventions.

To prolong the shelf life of fresh beef, we designed and evaluated a preservative (PAW-ε-PLH-nisin) by dissolving ε-polylysine hydrochloride (ε-PLH), nisin, and sodium hexametaphosphate as a water-retaining agent in plasma-activated water (PAW). The effect of the preservative on the quality changes of beef during cold storage was investigated. The results demonstrated that after storage under vacuum at 4 ℃ for 28 days, the total bacterial count of beef treated with the preservative was 5.1 (lg(CFU/g)), within the acceptable limit. The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content was 18.3 mg/100 g after 21 days of storage, meeting the criteria for the second freshness grade. The PAW-ε-PLH-nisin treatment notably improved the redness of beef, kept beef texture and sensory characteristics stable during storage, delayed lipid and protein oxidation in beef, and maintained fatty acid stability. These results suggest that PAW-ε-PLH-nisin has significant application potential and high development value in fresh beef preservation.

Fixed-section detection methods, with radar and video as representatives, frequently encounter incomplete detection data at controlled intersections because of high construction costs and insufficient maintenance. This results in ineffective signal control strategies. On the other hand, mobile detection methods, represented by floating cars, can perceive both macro and micro spatial-temporal characteristics of traffic flow. However, their current low penetration rate limits their ability to provide sufficient data support for signal control at intersections.To address this issue, this paper proposes an innovative method to obtain more accurate flow rates for each phase at an intersection through simulation approximation of calibrated parameters. This method utilizes the Webster delay theory to quantitatively describe the relationship between phase flow and vehicle delay, allowing for the inverse estimation of flow rates. These estimated flow rates are then refined using the proposed Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network approximation method to achieve higher accuracy. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively improves the accuracy of inverse flow data estimation. This enables the effective utilization of low-penetration-rate floating car data (FCD) in signal control at urban intersections. By leveraging this innovative approach, signal control systems can make more informed decisions, leading to smoother traffic flow and improved traffic management in urban areas.

Abstract With the rapid development of new energy industry, the demand for lithium resources continues to rise. The salinity-gradient solar pond (SGSP) technology is used to extract the lithium carbonate from Zabuye salt lake brine in the Tibet Plateau of China. Years of production practice proved that due to the unsatisfactory quality and insufficient amount of lithium-rich brine used to make the SGSP, the yield and grade of lithium concentrate in the solar pond has been seriously affected. In this paper, it has been investigated that the change rule of brine composition with different brine mixing ratios through the same/cross-year brine mixing laboratory experiments and the cross-year brine mixing production test. The optimal brine mixing ratio of winter concentrated brine and summer brine, the relevant operation parameters and the yield increase effect of lithium concentrate in the solar pond are obtained. The results show that the cross-year brine mixing method can not only significantly improve the yield and grade of lithium carbonate, but also alleviate the pressure of brine production in salt field. It is suggested that the SGSP technology coupled with the cross-year brine mixing method should be given priority in the production of lithium carbonate in Zabuye mining area.

Abstract Sepsis is a severe infectious disease with high mortality. However, the indicators used to evaluate its severity and prognosis are relatively complicated. The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), a new inflammatory indicator, has shown good predictive value in chronic infection, stroke, and cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the connection between sepsis and SIRI and evaluate its predictive usefulness. A total of 401 patients with sepsis were included in this study. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between SIRI and sepsis. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) method was employed to illustrate the dose-response relationship. The area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SIRI. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between SIRI and both blood cell count and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Additionally, higher SIRI levels were significantly linked to a higher risk of sepsis worsening, according to logistic regression analysis. The RCS curve demonstrated that the risk of poor prognosis rose with increasing SIRI, particularly when SIRI exceeded 6.1. Furthermore, AUC and DCA results showed that SIRI had superior predictive value compared to traditional indicators. A higher SIRI is linked to a worse prognosis and more severe sepsis. SIRI may serve as a novel prognostic indicator in sepsis, though further clinical studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Abstract Background Aleutian mink disease, mink viral enteritis and canine distemper are known as the three most serious diseases that cause great economic loss in the mink industry. In clinical practice, aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), mink enteritis virus (MEV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) are common mixed infections, and they have similar clinical clinical signs, such as diarrhoea. Therefore, a rapid and accurate differential diagnosis method for use on mink ranches is essential for the control of these three pathogens. Here, we developed multiplex one-step real-time quantitative PCR (RT‒qPCR) assays for the simultaneous detection and quantification of AMDV, MEV and CDV by using three primers and probes based on the conserved NS1, VP2 and N genes, respectively. Results The results showed that the established method can not cross-react with other mink pathogens, with a detection sensitivity of 25 copies/µL and a coefficient of variation less than 3.51%. Moreover, the interference experiment showed that the presence of AMDV, MEV and CDV templates at different concentrations would not interfere with the detection results. Furthermore, two hundred clinical samples of mink with diarrhoea were simultaneously analysed using multiplex RT‒qPCR and single RT‒qPCR, the Kappa values were all greater than 0.921, indicating that there was a high degree of coincidence between the two detection methods. Conclusions In conclusion, multiplex RT‒qPCR exhibited high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, indicating that this method can be used as a reliable and specific tool for the differential detection and quantification of AMDV, MEV and CDV.

Abstract Compliant mechanisms with reconfigurable degrees of freedom are gaining attention in the development of kinesthetic haptic devices, robotic systems, and mechanical metamaterials. However, available devices exhibit limited programmability and form-customizability, restricting their versatility. To address this gap, we propose a metastructure concept featuring reconfigurable motional freedom and tunable stiffness, adaptable to various form factors and applications. These devices incorporate passive flexures and actively stiffness-changing rods to modify kinematic freedom. A rational design pipeline informs the flexures’ topological arrangements, geometric parameters, and control signals based on targeted mobilities, enabling the creation of unitary joints with up to six degrees of freedom. Our demonstrative application examples include a wrist device that has an effective stiffness of 0.370 Nm/deg (unlocked state, 5% displacement) to 2.278 Nm/deg (locked state, 1% displacement) to enable dynamic joint mobility control, a haptic thimble device (2.27-52.815 Nmm−1 at 1% displacement) that mimics the sensation of touching physical materials ranging from soft gel to metal surfaces, and a wearable device composed of multiple joints tailored for the arm and hand to augment haptic experiences or facilitate muscle training. We believe the presented method can help democratize compliant metastructures development and expand their versatility for broader contexts.

The emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx), the primary air pollutant in China, reached 8.96 million tons in 2022, considerably higher than the emissions of volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide (SO2). NOx emission control is the focus and challenge with respect to air pollution management in China. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is widely employed to control the emission of NOx in industrial flue gas because of its high efficiency and stability, and it can be used to realize ultralow NOx emission. A catalyst is a vital factor of the SCR technology. Commercial V2O5/TiO2 catalysts have satisfactory tolerance to poisoning factors such as SO2 and H2O, and the operating temperature is generally in the high-temperature range of 300–420 ℃. Although the catalysts can be more effectively adapted to the medium-temperature range of 200–300 ℃ by increasing the loading amount of V2O5, their low-temperature activity is poor at temperatures less than 200 ℃. The development of efficient and stable catalysts for SCR at low temperatures can prevent the high energy consumption associated with flue gas reheating, resulting in considerable energy saving and carbon reduction benefits. Manganese oxides (MnOx) exhibit remarkable redox properties due to variable chemical states and abundant lattice defects, and they have considerably strong surface acidity, showing satisfactory low-temperature activity in the reaction of catalytic reduction of NOx. However, Mn-based catalysts suffer poor resistance to H2O/SO2, making it difficult to achieve efficient and stable denitrification (i.e., deNOx) over an extended period of time. They have poor N2 selectivity and are prone to catalytic conversion of NOx into the greenhouse gas N2O. Modification and enhancement of Mn-based catalysts have been extensively researched in recent years, which has expedited the pace of their industrial application. This study summarizes the latest research progress on reaction mechanism, elemental doping, and structure design of Mn-based catalysts in the aspects of low-temperature activity, N2 selectivity, and stability. Elemental doping modification is the primary method for optimizing the N2 selectivity and H2O/SO2 tolerance of these catalysts. In terms of comprehensive low-temperature activity, N2 selectivity, and stability, the doping components should have satisfactory oxygen storage–release ability to provide abundant oxygen vacancies and high stability to disperse MnOx and increase the tolerance to H2O and SO2; appropriate structural design can block the poisoning of H2O and SO2; in particular, surface hydrophobic modification can weaken the promotion effect of H2O on poisoning of SO2. In conclusion, this study indicates the ongoing research focuses and difficulties, which can provide references for future research.

Al–Cu–Li alloys have shown great potential for aerospace application due to their good combination of high strength and low density, but their high planar anisotropy have always hindered their application. In the present work, the influence of different deformation processes, including hot rolling (HR), cold rolling (CR), hot rolling + cold rolling (HR + CR), hot rolling + intermediate annealing + cold rolling (HR + IA + CR) on the microstructure and property anisotropy is systematically investigated for a 2195 Al–Cu–Li alloy. Among the four rolling processes, the HR sample exhibits the lowest yield strength, the highest elongation and the highest anisotropy level. The CR and HR + CR samples have a higher yield strength, decreased elongation and anisotropy level. While the HR + IA + CR sample achieves the combination high yield strength, good elongation and the lowest anisotropy level. The different rolling processes can affect the number density and size of the coarse Al7Cu2Fe phase (>1 μm), which can promote the recrystallization by PSN mechanism. As the number density of Al7Cu2Fe phase in the four samples follow: HR + IA + CR > CR > HR + CR > HR. The HR + IA + CR sample with the highest PSN particles density exhibits highest level of recrystallization and random texture distribution, giving rise to the low anisotropy of the alloy. The low number density of PSN particle and the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization suppress the recrystallization of the HR sample during solution treatment, resulting in strong anisotropy of the alloy. These results can provide key information for optimizing the mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Li alloys for aerospace applications.

Abstract Background To investigate the anatomical and functional outcomes of macular hole-associated retinal detachment (MHRD) after vitrectomy using the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique with autologous blood clot (ABC). Methods This retrospective observational study included 80 eyes with MHRD that underwent vitrectomy with ILM flap without (46 eyes) or with ABC (34 eyes). Fundus photography and optical coherence tomography were evaluated. The pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) and BCVA improvement were compared between the two groups. Results The MH closure rates after initial surgery were similar in the ILM flap group and ILM flap with ABC group [40 (87%) vs. 29 (85%) eyes, respectively]. The proportion of eyes with hyperreflective bridging tissue (HBT) was lower in the ILM flap group than ILM flap with ABC group [13 (32%) vs. 16 (55%) eyes, P = 0.060]. The postoperative improvement in BCVA was significantly better in the ILM flap group (P = 0.027). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that preoperative BCVA was positively associated with postoperative improvement in BCVA (β = 0.638, P = 0.000), while the ILM flap with ABC technique was negatively associated with postoperative improvement in BCVA (β = − 0.299, P = 0.039, adjusted r2 = 0.415). Conclusions The inverted ILM flap technique alone resulted in better foveal configurations and visual outcomes than the ILM flap technique combined with ABC in patients with MHRD.

Abstract Sulfide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are promising candidates to realize all solid-state batteries (ASSBs) due to their superior ionic conductivity and excellent ductility. However, their hypersensitivity to moisture requires processing environments that are not compatible with today’s lithium-ion battery manufacturing infrastructure. Herein, we present a reversible surface modification strategy that enables the processability of sulfide SSEs (e. g., Li6PS5Cl) under humid ambient air. We demonstrate that a long chain alkyl thiol, 1-undecanethiol, is chemically compatible with the electrolyte with negligible impact on its ion conductivity. Importantly, the thiol modification extends the amount of time that the sulfide SSE can be exposed to air with 33% relative humidity (33% RH) with limited degradation of its structure while retaining a conductivity of above 1 mS cm-1 for up to 2 days, a more than 100-fold improvement in protection time over competing approaches. Experimental and computational results reveal that the thiol group anchors to the SSE surface, while the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail provides protection by repelling water. The modified Li6PS5Cl SSE maintains its function after exposure to ambient humidity when implemented in a Li0.5In | |LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 ASSB. The proposed protection strategy based on surface molecular interactions represents a major step forward towards cost-competitive and energy-efficient sulfide SSE manufacturing for ASSB applications.

Abstract. Background:. Without timely and effective rehabilitation, hearing loss may profoundly affect human life quality. China has a large population of hearing-impaired individuals, which imposes a heavy health burden on society. Moreover, this population is projected to increase rapidly owing to China’s aging society. Methods:. We used data from a population-representative epidemiological investigation of hearing loss and ear diseases in four Chinese provinces. We estimated the national prevalence using multiple linear regression of the age-group proportions and prevalence in 31 provinces with clustering analysis. We used years lived with disability (YLDs) to analyze the disease burden and forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss by 2060 in China. Results:. An estimated 115 million people had moderate-to-complete hearing loss in 2015 across the 31 provinces of China (8.4% of 1.37 billion people). Of these, 85.7% were older than age 50 years (99 million people) and 2.4% were younger than 20 years old (2.8 million people). Of all YLDs attributable to hearing loss, 68.9% were attributable to moderate-to-complete cases. By 2060, a projected 242 million people in China will have moderate-to-complete hearing loss, a 110.0% increase from 2015. Conclusions:. The hearing loss prevalence in China is high. Population aging and socioeconomic factors substantially affect the prevalence and severity of hearing loss and the disease burden. The prevalence and severity of hearing loss are unevenly distributed across different provinces. Future public health policies should take these trends and regional variations into account.

Abstract Argali stands as the largest species among wild sheep in Central and East Asia, with a concerning rate of decline estimated at 30%. The intraspecific taxonomy of argali remains contentious due to limited genomic data and unclear geographic separation. In this study, we constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation for the Tibetan argali (O. a. hodgsoni), together with population genomic resequencing of 32 individuals representing four subspecies. The contig-level genome was 2.64 Gb in size, with a contig N50 length of 71.69 Mb and an estimated genomic completeness of 96.01%. Using Hi-C sequencing data scaffolding, 99.90% of initially assembled sequences were mapped and oriented onto 28 pseudo-chromosomes except the Y chromosome. Annotation uncovered 21,564 protein-coding genes and 46.38% repeat sequences. The average coverage of the population resequencing data was 23.74 with mean mapping ratio up to of 97.19%. The high-quality genome assembly and annotation of the Tibetan argali, coupled with the high-depth population genomic data, will serve as a valuable genetic resource for studies on the taxonomy and conservation of argali.

Abstract Background As a popularly used analgesic adjuvant, intravenous (IV) lidocaine could reduce the consumption of propofol in painless gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. However, whether IV lidocaine could affect the incidence of oxygen-desaturation episodes (ODE) during painless GI endoscopy is still unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that IV lidocaine could decrease the incidence of propofol-induced ODE and involuntary movements in patients during GI endoscopy. Methods Three hundred twenty-two patients scheduled for GI endoscopy were randomly divided into lidocaine group and control group. After midazolam and sufentanil injection, a bolus of 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine was given and followed by continuous infusion of 4 mg/kg/h in lidocaine group, whereas the same volumes of saline solution in control group. Then, propofol was titrated to produce unconsciousness. The primary outcome was the incidence of ODE during the procedure. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of different degree of hypoxia and corresponding treatments and the involuntary body movements. Results A total of 300 patients were finally included in the analysis, 147 patients in lidocaine group and 153 in control group. The incidence of ODE was 22% in lidocaine group and 39% in control group (OR:0.052; 95%CI: 0.284–0.889; P = 0.018). IV lidocaine also improved the occurrence of different degree of hypoxia (P = 0.017) and needed few treatments (P = 0.028). The incidence of involuntary body movements (14% vs 26%, P = 0.013) and adverse circulatory events was decreased by IV lidocaine. Conclusions IV lidocaine adjuvant to propofol-based sedation could reduce the incidence of oxygen-desaturation episodes and involuntary body movements, with fewer adverse circulatory events. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100053818. Registered on 30 November 2021.

Federated learning as an emerging distributed machine learning, can solve the problem of data islands. However, due to the large-scale, distributed nature and strong autonomy of local clients, federated learning is extremely vulnerable to Byzantine attacks and the attacks are not easy to detect, which seriously damages the integrity and availability of the model. First, taking Byzantine attacks as the research object, a detailed classification and analysis of the attack principles were conducted. Secondly, guided by the classic network security defense model, federated learning defense methods were classified and analyzed from the perspective of defense mechanisms. Finally, the key issues and research challenges that need to be solved in federated learning to resist Byzantine attacks were proposed, providing new references for future relevant researchers.

Abstract “Exercise is medicine” emphasizes personalized prescriptions for better efficacy. Current guidelines need more support for personalized prescriptions, posing scientific challenges. Facing those challenges, we gathered data from established guidelines, databases, and articles to develop the Exercise Medicine Ontology (EXMO), intending to offer comprehensive support for personalized exercise prescriptions. EXMO was constructed using the Ontology Development 101 methodology, incorporating Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology Foundry principles. EXMO v1.0 comprises 434 classes and 9,732 axioms, encompassing physical activity terms, health status terms, exercise prescription terms, and other related concepts. It has successfully undergone expert evaluation and consistency validation using the ELK and JFact reasoners. EXMO has the potential to provide a much-needed standard for individualized exercise prescription. Beyond prescription standardization, EXMO can also be an excellent tool for supporting databases and recommendation systems. In the future, it could serve as a valuable reference for developing sub-ontologies and facilitating the formation of an ontology network.

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has great potential for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), enabling interactive vehicle applications, such as advanced driving and infotainment. It is crucial to ensure the reliability during the vehicle-to-vehicle interaction process. Although the emerging blockchain has superiority in handling security-related issues, existing blockchain-based schemes show weakness in highly dynamic IoV. Both the transaction broadcast and consensus process require multiple rounds of communication throughout the whole network, while the high relative speed between vehicles and dynamic topology resulting in the intermittent connections will degrade the efficiency of blockchain. In this paper, we propose a Digital Twin (DT)-enabled blockchain framework for dynamic IoV, which aims to reduce both the communication cost and the operational latency of blockchain. To address the dynamic context, we propose a DT construction strategy that jointly considers the DT migration and blockchain computing consumption. Moreover, a communication-efficient Local Perceptual Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (LPMA-DDPG) algorithm is designed to execute the DT construction strategy among edge servers in a decentralized manner. The simulation results show that the proposed framework can greatly reduce the communication cost, while achieving good security performance. The dynamic DT construction strategy shows superiority in operation latency compared with benchmark strategies. The decentralized LPMA-DDPG algorithm is helpful for implementing the optimal DT construction strategy in practical ITS.

Abstract Background The functional aspects of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents represent a complex phenomenon requiring deeper understanding. While research has identified various NSSI functions, including emotional regulation, attention-seeking, and social avoidance, the field lacks comprehensive analysis of how these functions cluster into distinct profiles. Understanding these functional profiles is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Method A cross-sectional study of 1,783 adolescents (1,464 girls, 318 boys) aged 12–18 years was conducted across 14 psychiatric or general hospitals in nine Chinese provinces. Participants completed the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM), which assesses 22 distinct NSSI functions across three primary dimensions: emotional regulation, attention-seeking, and social avoidance. Additional measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify distinct patterns in NSSI functions, with model selection based on fit indices including AIC, BIC, entropy, and LMRT. Results Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct functional profiles: low attention-seeking-high social avoidance (LA-HS, 19.7%), high attention-seeking-high social avoidance (HA-HS, 9.5%), low attention-seeking and social avoidance (LA-LS, 57.8%), and high attention-seeking-low social avoidance (HA-LS, 13.0%). The HA-HS profile demonstrated the most severe clinical presentation, showing significantly elevated scores in NSSI frequency (M = 26.160, SD = 9.771), anxiety (GAD-7: M = 16.265, SD = 4.951), and depression (PHQ-9: M = 20.612, SD = 6.003). The LA-HS profile showed the second-highest severity (NSSI: M = 25.800, SD = 10.058; GAD-7: M = 14.775, SD = 5.376; PHQ-9: M = 19.966, SD = 5.938). Both profiles also demonstrated significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation (HA-HS: 77.6%; LA-HS: 79.2%) compared to other profiles. Conclusions Our findings reveal distinct patterns in how adolescents utilize NSSI functionally, particularly regarding attention-seeking and social avoidance dimensions. These functional profiles show meaningful associations with psychological outcomes, suggesting that understanding NSSI functions, rather than just behaviors, may be crucial for assessment and intervention. The identification of these distinct functional profiles among Chinese adolescents highlights the importance of function-specific approaches in clinical assessment and treatment planning.

Abstract Background Chronic inflammatory pain is a pervasive condition, and electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective treatment, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key energy sensor, is involved in pain relief and EA’s effects. EA may work by increasing endocannabinoids, upregulating CB2 receptors (CB2R), and stimulating β-endorphin (β-END). This study tests if EA activates AMPK via CB2R to modulate β-END and reduce pain. Methods The inflammatory pain model was established with Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), and EA was administered daily for six consecutive days, targeting the acupoints “Zusanli” (ST36) and “Shangjuxu” (ST37). Pain sensitivity was evaluated using Von Frey filaments for mechanical thresholds and a hot plate for thermal thresholds. Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantitatively determine the levels of endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA). The expression levels of the CB2R and β-END were measured by Western blotting, along with the activation of AMPK. Immunofluorescence double-labeling was applied to visualize AMPK activation and β-END expression within CD68-positive macrophages. The study encompassed both wild-type and CB2R gene knockout mice, elucidating the role of CB2R in EA-induced AMPK activation. Results CFA-induced inflammatory pain model mice exhibited mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. EA activated AMPK in the inflamed skin tissue when it exerted analgesic effect on the inflammatory pain. Pre-administration of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C significantly inhibited the effect of EA on pain relief. EA elevated β-END expression in inflamed skin tissue, which was reversed by Compound C, indicating that AMPK has a regulatory role in EA inducing β-END expression. In addition, EA significantly upregulated the levels of 2-AG, AEA and the expression of CB2Rs in the inflamed skin tissue compared with the CFA group. In wild-type mice, EA activates AMPK in macrophages, while CB2 knockout reduced EA's ability to activate AMPK in these cells. Conclusion EA activates AMPK through CB2R, enhancing β-END expression in inflamed skin to alleviate inflammatory pain. This study reveals a new link between endocannabinoids, endorphins, and AMPK in analgesic effects of EA, highlighting the CB2R-AMPK-β-END pathway.

Abstract Colloidal properties of nanoparticles are intricately linked to their morphology. Traditionally, achieving high-concentration dispersions of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets has proven challenging as they tend to agglomerate or re-stack under increased surface contact and Van der Waals attraction. Here, we unveil an excluded volume effect enabled by 2D morphology, which can be coupled with electrostatic repulsion to synthesize high-concentration aqueous graphene dispersions. To achieve this, we designed a sequential process involving edge oxidation, bubble expansion and mechanical shearing, through which graphite flakes were exfoliated into aqueous dispersions with ~94.5 wt.% yield of few-layer graphene, high concentration exceeding 100 mg mL-1, long-term stability over ~550 days, and large-scale wet processability. Structural analysis and theoretical modeling suggested that the 2D morphology of the resultant graphene nanosheets facilitates inter-sheet repulsive excluded volume interactions, leading to a fractal jammed network structure composed of nanosheets and tactoids to prevent their agglomeration. This effect was further leveraged in a continuous stirred tank reactor for the pilot-scale production of concentrated graphene dispersions. Our study unveils the role of excluded volume effect in stabilizing 2D-material colloids for industrial production and processing.

Patients with oligometastatic cancer (OMC) exhibit better response to local therapeutic interventions and a more treatable tendency than those with polymetastatic cancers. However, studies on OMC are limited and lack effective integration for systematic comparison and personalized application, and the diagnosis and precise treatment of OMC remain controversial. The application of large language models in medicine remains challenging because of the requirement of high-quality medical data. Moreover, these models must be enhanced using precise domain-specific knowledge. Therefore, we developed the OligoM-Cancer platform (http://oligo.sysbio.org.cn), pioneering knowledge curation that depicts various aspects of oligometastases spectrum, including markers, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy choices. A user-friendly website was developed using HTML, FLASK, MySQL, Bootstrap, Echarts, and JavaScript. This platform encompasses comprehensive knowledge and evidence of phenotypes and their associated factors. With 4059 items of literature retrieved, OligoM-Cancer includes 1345 valid publications and 393 OMC-associated factors. Additionally, the included clinical assistance tools enhance the interpretability and credibility of clinical translational practice. OligoM-Cancer facilitates knowledge-guided modeling for deep phenotyping of OMC and potentially assists large language models in supporting specialised oligometastasis applications, thereby enhancing their generalization and reliability.

Comparative study of languages reflects the coexistence of the universal and the particular in human languages. The development of both typological linguistics and contrastive linguistics is primarily associated with the study of structural similarities and differences between languages based on structural criteria for comparison. However, cognitive operations and forms of thinking that characterize the structural organization of expressed thoughts are fundamental mechanisms governing the functioning of various languages. In this study, a comparative analysis is presented as of the structural features of Russian subjectpredicate sentences and Chinese topic-comment sentences. Special attention is paid to different forms of thinking (rational and figurative) that underlie the differences in language structure between the two languages, as well as various cognitive processes (recognizing analogies and associations) that shape vertical and horizontal categorization, resulting in differences in thought patterns. As a result of the conducted study, the authors conclude that the form of thinking determines the form of language structure. The formation and functioning of different forms of language structure are operations and reflections of different forms of thinking in various language structures. Rational and figurative thinking, with their respective characteristics, limit and define the structural forms of Russian and Chinese languages. At the sentence level, it manifests basic structures both in Russian where the basic sentence structure is “subject-predicate,” while in Chinese it is “topic-comment.”.

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles originating from different cells within the brain. The pathophysiological role of EVs in neurodegenerative diseases is progressively acknowledged. This field has advanced from basic biological research to essential clinical significance. The capacity to selectively enrich specific subsets of EVs from biofluids via distinctive surface markers has opened new avenues for molecular understandings across various tissues and organs, notably in the brain. In recent years, brain-derived EVs have been extensively investigated as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and drug-delivery vehicles for neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the characteristics and physiological functions of the various classes of EVs, focusing on the biological mechanisms by which various types of brain-derived EVs mediate the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Concurrently, novel therapeutic approaches and challenges for the use of EVs as delivery vehicles are delineated.

Abstract Mobile energy storage (MES), as a flexible resource, plays a significant role in disaster emergency response. Rational pre‐positioning ahead of disasters can accelerate the dispatch of MES to power outage areas, and further reduce load losses. This paper focuses on typhoon disasters and studies the MES pre‐positioning method for distribution networks coupled with transportation networks. Firstly, a typhoon model considering the typhoon eye was formulated. Secondly, the analysis covering the diverse impacts of typhoons on the ‘generation‐transmission‐load‐road’ system was conducted. Subsequently, a bi‐level pre‐positioning model, considering multi‐index evaluation, was established based on scenario‐based stochastic optimization. Finally, the modified MATPOWER 18‐node test system was utilized to verify the performance of the proposed method, and the simulation results demonstrated its effectiveness and applicability.

Background Early femoral neck shortening after femoral neck system (FNS) fixation for displaced femoral neck fractures can occur in 22.3%–39.1% of cases, leading to decreased hip joint function. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using an anti‐shortening screw (ASS) in FNS fixation to prevent postoperative femoral neck shortening in displaced femoral neck fractures. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 106 cases of displaced femoral neck fractures treated with FNS at the Hospital from April 2020 to April 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of an ASS: the traditional group and the ASS group, each consisting of 53 cases. The ASS group was age‐matched with the traditional group treated during the same period without an ASS. The study variables included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking history, injury mechanism, side of injury, fracture type, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, Harris Hip Score (HHS) at the final follow‐up, radiographic assessment (femoral neck shortening), and complications (infection, femoral head necrosis, nonunion, and secondary surgery). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, with continuous and categorical variables analyzed using appropriate parametric (t‐test) and nonparametric (Mann–Whitney U test) tests, and chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests, respectively. A p‐value 0.05). Conclusion The use of an ASS in FNS fixation for displaced femoral neck fractures can reduce the degree of postoperative shortening and improve hip joint function.

Through the creation and characterization of novel poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA)-based nanocomposites containing graphene oxide (GO), nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP), and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles, this study seeks to improve the performance of bone tissue scaffolds. Utilizing a casting procedure to create nanocomposites, wet chemical methods were used to synthesize nano-HAP. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the materials. The nanocomposite comprising 5 % GO + 5 % NiO + 10 % nano-HAP showed a 110 % increase in tensile modulus, a 38 % increase in extension, and a 29 % increase in load-bearing capacity compared to plain PLLA. The results showed a considerable increase in mechanical strength. On the surfaces of the nanocomposite, osteoblast adhesion and proliferation increased by 185 %, according to biological tests. Studies on degradation revealed regulated rates that matched bones' natural mending process while preserving a pH environment that was steady. According to these results, adding nanostructures to PLLA scaffolds improves their mechanical and biological properties considerably, which may lead to therapeutic uses in bone tissue engineering in the future.

Finding ibuprofen (IBF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication that is frequently used for orthopaedic discomfort, is crucial in many different domains. This work presents a new colorimetric detection technique based on a nanocomposite of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite exhibited increased activity similar to peroxidase, which made it easier to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and IBF with a high degree of selectivity. The sensor displayed negligible interference from other compounds and a strong selectivity towards IBF. For H2O2 detection, the sensor revealed a robust linear range correlation with a detection limit of about 0.325 μM within a range of 1 μM to 570 μM. The sensor exhibited a linear response for the detection of IBF between 1 μM and 1000 μM, with a detection limit of roughly 0.1 μM. Over the course of a month, the sensor's low relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 4.25 % showed its long-term stability. Furthermore, in actual samples, the sensor demonstrated an average recovery rate for IBF ranging from 94.00 % to 99.66 %. According to the results, the Co3O4/rGO-based colorimetric sensor shows promise as a quick and effective way to detect IBF.

Corrosion resistance of AlCrFeTi and AlCrFeTiY coatings were evaluated in static and flowing lead bismuth with oxygen-controlled precondition at 550 °C, both the oxygen concentration of static and flowing liquid lead bismuth was 1 × 10−5 wt%. Double-layered compact oxide layers were formed on the surface of AlCrFeTi coating which consist of outer Fe/Cr oxide layer and inner Al/Ti oxide layer after exposure in static liquid lead bismuth for 2000 h, while uneven Fe/Cr oxide layers formed on AlCrFeTiY coating and the oxygen content significantly increase inside the coating, indicating the weaker antioxidant properties of AlCrFeTiY. Besides, structural integrity of AlCrFeTi was well preserved after erosion test in flowing lead bismuth (∼2 m/s) for 1000 h, localized bulges existed in eroded AlCrFeTiY coating. Magnetron sputtering method was utilized for coating preparation and the in-depth corrosion mechanism of AlCrFeTi and AlCrFeTiY coating was discussed.

In this study, submicron tungsten carbide (WC)-reinforced Cu matrix composites (WC/Cu) were fabricated using an extensible manufacturing process (flake powder metallurgy of WC/Cu master alloy, casting and cold rolling of WC/Cu ingots). X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques were jointly employed to characterize phases and microstructures of the as-cast and rolled WC/Cu composites. The friction and wear behavior of these composites was investigated at different temperatures (25, 100, and 300 °C). The results indicate that a significant amount of submicron WC particles was successfully incorporated into the Cu matrix. As cold rolling deformation increases, the pseudo-dispersion of WC particles diminishes, resulting in a more uniform particle distribution. A comparison of wear volume losses under various conditions shows a significant improvement in the wear resistance of the WC/Cu composite compared to pure Cu. Notably, the NC1 (with a 20% rolling reduction) and NC2 (with an 80% rolling reduction) samples exhibit outstanding wear resistance at 300 °C, with lower wear volume loss than at 25 and 100 °C. Such improvement is attributed to the reinforcement of the oxide film at 300 °C by the addition of submicron WC particles.

The purpose of this work is to explore the online destination image perceived by Chinese tourists visiting Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Employing Leiper’s tourism system as a guiding framework, the research utilized qualitative content analysis (QCA) to scrutinize a purposefully selected sample of thirty-seven Douyin contents, which is known outside China as TikTok. Findings indicate an alternative destination image, with Chinese tourists highlighting sunsets, seafood and sea gypsies as prominent attributes, deviating from the conventional association of sun, sea and sand. This distinctive perception contrasts with the perceptions held by Western tourists of Sabah. Informed by Leiper’s tourism system, this study emphasizes the importance for coastal destination marketing organizations to convey a destination image that extends beyond the conventional sun-sea-sand concept. Effective communication requires a nuanced understanding of unique destination images tailored to specific market segments based on their respective tourist generating regions. This approach aligns with Leiper’s emphasis on the interconnected relationships between the tourist generating region and the tourist destination region, providing insights for strategic destination marketing that cater to diverse tourist perspectives. The findings interpret user-generated content (UGC) within Leiper’s tourism system, consolidating the importance of projected online destination images.

The oxidation products formed on ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steel exposed to oxygen-saturated lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 550 °C for 1000 h were investigated using various characterizations. The results indicate that the corrosion products consist of three distinct layers from the inside to the outside: the inner oxidation zone (IOZ), a middle oxide layer, and the growth front facing LBE. In the IOZ, although O has penetrated the entire oxidation layer, the martensite laths and ferrite grains remain visible. However, significant segregation of Cr and O along the laths and grain boundaries has occurred, resulting in the formation of strip-shaped Cr2O3 particles. In the matrix adjacent to the IOZ, Cr atoms have segregated at the grain boundaries and martensite laths, forming Cr-rich regions, while O atoms have not yet infiltrated. During the growth of Fe3O4 grains, the priority formed strip-shaped Cr2O3 particles are pushed toward the corrosion front until they detach from the F/M steel and disperse into the LBE, resulting in nearly pure Fe3O4 grains in the middle layer. The gradient three-layer structure of the oxidation product is closely associated with the segregation of Cr and the gradient distribution of oxygen partial pressure (PO2).

Abstract Previous research has established that the formation of Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) biofilm is one of the primary reasons for bacterial vaginosis (BV) recurrence. This study was the first to explore the impact of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) on GV biofilm in a co-culture scenario. The results revealed that GBS could significantly increased the GV biomass in 48-hours dual-species biofilms. The luxS gene of GBS was significantly higher in dual-species biofilm, while knockdown of the luxS gene resulted in a significant decrease in mono- and dual-species biofilms. Meanwhile, in vitro addition of AI-2 (product of luxS gene) substantially increased biofilm biomass. Furthermore, we found that the expression of two genes related to biofilm formation was notably elevated in GV after receiving AI-2 signals. Collectively, these findings suggest that GBS enhances GV biofilm formation via luxS/AI-2 in an in vitro co-culture model, which in turn may promotes recurrence of BV.

Abstract With the development of ultra‐high‐voltage (UHV) and extra‐high‐voltage transmission lines in China, the transmission lines are gradually approaching the residential areas. The phenomenon of induced electric shock caused by electrostatic induction effect can cause dissatisfaction and complaints from nearby residents. In this paper, a full‐size steel‐framed residential test platform was constructed near a 1000‐kV UHV alternating current (AC) transmission line, the transient shock characteristics of human bodies and metal hangers in different scenarios was investigated, then the relationship between transient shock energy and subjective perception of the human body was discussed. In addition, the shielding effect of shielding wires for transient electric shock situations is analyzed. It was found that the worst‐case scenario occurred when the grounded human body came into contact with the insulated metal clothes hanger, even eliciting a noticeable sensation of pain. In addition, increasing metal shielding wire number has a significant effect on weakening induced electric shocks.

Abstract Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by abnormal elevation in thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and/or thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab). Patients have multiple symptoms despite adequate hormone substitution. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the relationship between thyroid antibodies and multiple symptoms, inflammation and health-related life quality. A total of 108 HT patients with clinical euthyroid status and 57 heathy controls were recruited. Clinical parameters were determined by laboratory examination, and the symptoms burden and life quality were obtained by a Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Symptom Questionnaire and a SF-36 Questionnaire, respectively. Compared with healthy controls, multiple extrathyroidal symptoms were significantly more serious in HT patients despite euthyroid status, mainly including that related to digestive system (abdominal distension, constipation and diarrhea), endocrine system (chilliness, gain weight and facial edema), neuropsychiatric system (forgetfulness, anxiety, depressed, fatigue, insomnia, irritability, and indifferent) and mucocutaneous system (dry skin, pruritus, and hair loss). Furthermore, serum TPO-Ab and TG-Ab were both inversely correlated with health-related life quality of general health and vitality parameters, and positively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors of TNF-α and IFN-γ, as well as severity of abdominal distension, diarrhea, chilliness, forgetfulness and fatigue. Moreover, TG-Ab level was positively associated with depressed, insomnia and indifferent. HT patients suffered from a variety of symptoms, and the elevated thyroid antibodies were inversely associated with health-related life quality and positively associated with inflammation and multiple extrathyroidal symptoms.

Pseudolipoma of Glisson's capsule is a rare, benign subcapsular liver lesion that typically occurs in older adult men. It comprises degenerated fat tissue that likely originates from detached mesothelial appendages or degenerated liver lipomas. We report the case of a 58-year-old female patient with a gastric malignant tumor after admission. No lesions were found in the liver capsule before surgery. During postoperative reviews from 2015 to 2018, new dense, fatty lesions were found under the liver capsule, and highly unusually, the lesions moved under the liver capsule over time. To the best of our knowledge, only 1 other case has been reported of a pseudolipoma of Glisson's capsule that migrated over time. This supports the hypothesis that migrating mesothelial attachments form Glisson capsule pseudolipomas. This case report aims to review liver capsule anatomy, explain why the liver is particularly susceptible to this phenomenon, and present information to aid the diagnosis of fat-containing hepatic lesions by providing a unique perspective on certain pathologies affecting the liver.

Spinal schwannomas arising from the Schwann cells of the myelin sheath represent the most common intradural extramedullary tumors. However, occurrences of multiple pearly nerve sheath tumors is rare, and such cases affecting the cauda equina are often localized within the spinal canal of the lumbosacral vertebra on 1 nerve fiber. Herein, we present a case of multiple schwannomas involving distinct nerve fibers of the cauda equina. A 37-year-old female with a history of schwannoma presented with multiple space-occupying lesions in the lumbosacral canal in 2022. Due to a subsequent pregnancy (9 months), further examination and treatment were deferred. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging performed in February 2024 revealed persistent findings of multiple, bead-like nodular masses within the L1–S1 segments, comparable in size and number to those observed in 2022. Contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated homogenous enhancement throughout the lesions without evidence of bleeding or cystic components. Given these findings, a diagnosis of schwannoma was suspected. In March 2024, the patient was admitted to hospital for further surgical treatment, the pathological examination result of the resected specimen was consistent with the diagnosis of schwannoma. This case highlights the importance of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for visualizing tumors, defining their relationship with the nerve roots, and guiding surgical planning. Accurate diagnosis by radiologists plays a vital role in optimal patient management in these cases.

Vibration is inevitable in operation of mechanical equipment, but severe vibrations will cause serious harm to wind turbines (WTs). This paper takes the drivetrain of 8 MW WT as the object, established a multi-body electromechanical coupling model of WT and verified the accuracy of the established model through the WT drivetrain in the laboratory. Subsequently, based on this model, time-frequency domain analysis was conducted on the vibration response of the WT drivetrain under different control strategies of the generator, and the influence of the generator control strategy on the vibration of the drivetrain was studied. The result shows that the generator control strategy has a significant impact on the vibration response amplitude of the drivetrain, but has a relatively small impact on the frequency component. Meanwhile, the sliding mode controller designed in this paper has good anti-interference ability, which can make the system quickly reach dynamic stability, and effectively suppress the vibration of the main components in the drivetrain. Under the new controller’s control, the transverse vibration displacement of some parts of the WT drivetrain can be reduced by up to nearly 60 %. This paper provides new ideas and new methods for the active vibration reduction control of WT drivetrain.

Abstract Background WNT7B is a glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of WNT7B in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Bioinformatic databases, immunohistochemistry, a real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect WNT7B expression in OSCC. The clinical and prognostic importance of WNT7B expression was evaluated. WNT7B expression was examined in oral leukoplakia and carcinoma induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in mice. Loss- and gain-of-function analyses were performed to elucidate the role of WNT7B in OSCC cells. Subcutaneous tumor model was established to observe the effects of WNT7B on tumor growth. Co-Immunoprecipitation was used to explore the Frizzled receptors that WNT7B may bind to. Results WNT7B upregulated in OSCC and associated with lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion, and an unfavorable prognosis in patients with OSCC. A gradual increased in WNT7B expression during the malignant progression of OSCC. WNT7B promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, while silencing WNT7B abolished these effects. Knocking down the expression of WNT7B inhibits tumor growth in vivo. WNT7B functions by binding to the Frizzled 7 receptor and facilitates the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Conclusions WNT7B contributes to the progression of OSCC by modulating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings highlight the potential of WNT7B as a novel prognostic biomarker and promising therapeutic target for OSCC.

Abstract This study investigates the low‐frequency oscillations (LFOs) in MMC‐MVDC systems with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration, considering the whole operating conditions of the grid‐connected MMC, including both the inverter and rectifier modes. First, the multi‐port impedance models of converters and networks are developed, upon which a stability criterion is defined. The mechanism of LFOs is then identified using bus participation analysis and parameter sensitivity analysis. In addition, the stable zones of the dominant parameters are identified, taking into account the whole operating conditions of the grid‐connected MMC. Interestingly, a phase‐locked loop may induce LFOs in two low‐frequency ranges. Finally, the experimental results confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

Abstract Background Continuous cropping of the same crop leads to land degradation. This is also called the continuous-cropping obstacle. Currently, intercropping tobacco with other crops can serve as an effective strategy to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles. Results In this study, tobacco K326 and insectary floral plants were used as materials, and seven treatments of tobacco monoculture (CK), tobacco intercropped with Tagetes erecta, Vicia villosa, Fagopyrum esculentum, Lobularia maritima, Trifolium repens, and Argyranthemum frutescens respectively, were set up to study their effects on rhizosphere soil chemical properties and composition and structure of rhizosphere soil microbial community of tobacco. The 16 S rRNA gene and ITS amplicons were sequenced using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. tobacco/insectary floral plants intercropping can influence rhizosphere soil chemical properties, which also change rhizosphere microbial communities. The CK and treatment groups tobacco rhizosphere soil microorganisms had significantly different genera, such as tobacco intercropping with T. repens and A. frutescens significantly increased the number of Fusarium and intercropping T. erecta, V. villosa, L. maritima, T. repens, and A. frutescens significantly increased the number of Sphingomonas and unknown Gemmatimonadaceae. Additionally, intercropping T. erecta, V. villosa and L. maritima changed the rhizosphere fungal and bacteria community and composition of tobacco and the positive correlation between tobacco rhizosphere the genera of fungi and bacterial were greater than CK. The pathway of the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism in rhizosphere bacteria were significantly decreased after continuous cropping. Fungal symbiotic trophic and saprophytic trophic were significantly increased after intercropping V. villosa, L. maritima and plant pathogen and animal pathogen were increased after intercropping T. repens and A. frutescens. Additionally, bacterial and fungal communities significantly correlated with soil chemical properties, respectively. Conclusion This study reveals that intercropping tobacco with insectary floral plants, particularly T. erecta, V. villosa, L. maritima and A. frutescens significantly affects soil chemical properties and alters rhizosphere microbial communities, increasing the abundance of certain microbial genera. Additionally, intercropping enhances pathways related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism in rhizosphere bacteria. These findings suggest that intercropping could provide a promising strategy to overcome challenges associated with continuous tobacco cropping by regulating the rhizosphere environment.

Abstract Background Psychiatric nurses often encounter patients with mental health disorders and consequently experience prolonged periods of high stress, increased workload, and frequent incidents of workplace violence. These aspects can lead to a higher incidence of poor sleep quality. This study examined the interplay between workplace violence and emotional labour (surface and deep acting) to suggest measures for enhancing sleep quality among psychiatric nurses. Methods A total of 300 completed and valid online questionnaires were collected. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to measure sleep quality, Workplace Violence Scale (WVS) to measure the occurrence of workplace violence, and Emotional Labour Scale to measure surface and deep acting. The data were analysed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro with SPSS. Independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to compare differences in sleep quality and emotional labour (surface and deep acting) between psychiatric nurses with different demographics. Results The prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) was 55% among the nurses. Surface acting in emotional labour partially mediated the relationship between workplace violence and sleep quality(a1*b1=0.035,95%CI: 0.002, 0.079), whereas deep acting had a suppressive effect(a2*b2=-0.033,95%CI: -0.071, -0.003). Occupational identity had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between workplace violence and surface acting(Effect=0.091,95%CI: 0.004, 0.179). Conclusions The relationship between workplace violence and poor sleep quality was partially mediated by surface acting and suppressed by deep acting. Moreover, nurses with higher occupational identity engaged in more surface acting after workplace violence. Workplace violence, surface acting, and deep acting emerged as significant factors influencing sleep quality among psychiatric nurses. Deep acting can reduce the impact of workplace violence on sleep quality. The results provide a new and expanded view of the interplay between workplace violence and emotional labour concerning sleep quality. Interprofessional collaboration with clinicians, administrators, educators, and spiritual leaders can contribute to the development of related education and training. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200062347. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=173264

Abstract Suppression of energy disorders in the vertical direction of a photovoltaic device, along which charge carriers are forced to travel, has been extensively studied to reduce unproductive charge recombination and thus achieve high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. In contrast, energy disorders in the lateral direction of the junction for large-area modules are largely overlooked. Herein, we show that the micro-inhomogeneity characteristics in the surface lateral energetics of formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite films also significantly influence the device performance, particularly with accounting for the stability and scale-up aspects of the devices. By using organic amidinium passivators, instead of the most commonly used organic ammonium ones, the micro-inhomogeneity in the lateral energy landscapes can be suppressed, greatly improving device stability and efficiency of FA-based single-junction perovskite solar cells.

Background: Albumin (ALB) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are both associated with the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A recent prognostic marker, the BUN/ALB ratio (BAR), has been suggested as a simple and sensitive method to predict certain acute diseases. Aims: To determine the predictive value of BAR in relation to the risk of in-hospital mortality among AIS patients. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Cox regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between in-hospital mortality and BAR, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analysis of acute pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), thrombolysis, thrombectomy, and septic shock was performed to further examine this relationship. The predictive value of BAR and BAR multivariate models for in-hospital mortality was evaluated and compared to BUN, ALB, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) score, and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (SOFA). Results: Among the 1,635 eligible patients, 226 (13.81%) died during hospitalization. An elevated serum BAR level was associated with an increased in-hospital mortality risk (HR: 1.3) after covariates were adjusted. Additionally, this positive association was observed in patients without AP, AMI, thrombolysis, history of thrombectomy, or septic shock (all; p < 0.05). The efficacy of the BAR multivariate model in predicting in-hospital mortality among AIS patients was superior to that of both APACHE IV and SOFA, with an area under the curve of 0.87. Conclusion: Serum BAR exhibits the potential to identify AIS patients with high mortality risk, which may contribute to enhanced disease surveillance and risk stratification.

Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer burden and death in China, with nearly 800,000 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients each year, nearly half of whom are lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. According to current clinical guidelines, surgery is the main treatment for stage I LUAD patients, but the 5-year overall survival rate of stage I LUAD patients alone is still unsatisfactory, about 73%-90%, indicating that a considerable number of patients require other means to improve survival benefits. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy have achieved great success in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic LUAD patients, but there is still controversy over whether they can benefit stage I LUAD postoperative patients. Under the circumstances, many researchers have paid attention to this issue and made beneficial explorations. This review provides a brief review of the factors that affect the acceptance of adjuvant chemotherapy and targeted therapy in stage I LUAD postoperative patients, as well as the relevant clinical research on the application of adjuvant chemotherapy and targeted therapy in stage I LUAD postoperative patients, in order to gain a broader understanding of the latest developments in this field and find new breakthroughs to promote sustained research in this field.