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Introduction: Food safety remains a challenge in developing nations, including Ethiopia, where dairy products are known to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens. Limited food safety interventions studies for improving food safety along the food supply chain have been conducted. The objective of this intervention study was to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of women dairy farmers in the central highlands of Ethiopia by developing and delivering training customized to their education level. Methods: A total of 120 dairy women farmers were recruited from local milk cooperatives and milk collection centers at four study sites. Training materials on clean milk production and hygienic milking practices were developed for an audience that may not be able to read or write. The 3-day curriculum was delivered using theoretical lecturing, video presentation, practical activities, and handouts, and learning was assessed with a questionnaire and checklist. Results: The study indicated that women dairy farmers improved their knowledge, attitude, and practices relating to quality milk production. However, milk shade assessments of individual farmers identified many important risk factors for clean milk production that were due to infrastructure issues. Discussion: The effectiveness of the training materials and approach was supported by the increase in KAPs assessment scores from pre-training to post-training for all study sites. Comparisons of the training outcomes and evaluation results of milk shades were found counterintuitive, which revealed the complexity of food safety interventions. Customized food safety training is effective but should be combined with dairy farming infrastructure improvements to achieve the goal of clean milk production at farm level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Result Conclusion Currently, the number of people with physical disability and impairment is increasing significantly in Ethiopia, especially in the northern part. In that regard, the Ethiopian government has been providing physical rehabilitation services to recover patients. However, due to the widespread problem of healthcare service and the increase in patients seeking physiotherapy service, the quality of the service might be compromised, and the evidence is limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of physiotherapy services at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, northwest Ethiopia.A single case study with concurrent mixed method research design was conducted from June 02‐ August 10, 2022. The evaluation used patient‐centeredness, timeliness, compliance and availability dimensions with 27 indicators. A total of 415 systematically selected patients who came for physiotherapy service for exit interviews, 9 service providers and managers for key‐informant interviews, and 8 patients for in‐depth interviews participated in the study. Approximately 176 patient medical charts were reviewed, and direct observation of 14 patient‐provider interactions was performed. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with patient‐centeredness. In the final model, variables with a p value < 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to declare statistical significance. Thematic analysis for the qualitative data using OPEN CODE version 4.03 was performed. Finally, the dimensions and overall quality of physiotherapy service were judged using predetermined criteria.The overall quality of the physiotherapy service was found to be fair or intermediate (66.5%), computed from the availability of resources 63.4%, compliance of service providers 68.6%, timelines 64.2%, and patient centeredness 73.1%. Qualitative findings also revealed that insufficient staffing and heavy workload, lack of resources, inconvenient facilities, relocation of resources in the academic division of physiotherapy department, lack of training and continuous professional development opportunities, lack management attention and institutional support and nonexistence of multidisciplinary approaches leads to significant gaps in quality service delivery. Attending primary school (AOR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.56, 6.61), secondary (AOR = 4.24, 1.91, 9.41), and higher education (AOR = 4.79, 1.94, 11.84) and being a private employee (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.76) were significantly associated with patient centeredness.The overall quality of physiotherapy service was deemed intermediate and needs further improvement. The required resources, such as clinical assessment tools, therapeutic exercise equipment, electrotherapy modalities and infrastructure, were not adequate. Educational level and occupation were significantly associated with patient centeredness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]