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Rainfall and wind speed are two important meteorological variables that have a significant impact on agriculture, human health, and socio-economic development. While individual rainfall or wind events have been widely studied, little attention has been devoted to studying the lead–lag relationship between rainfall and wind speed, particularly in coastal regions where strong dependence between rainfall and wind speed is expected. Taking China's coastline as the case study, this paper aims to explore the variation trends of wind speed and rainfall and reveal the relationships between rainfall events and wind speeds on days before and after rainfall occurrence, by using meteorological station data from 1960 to 2018. The results show that wind speed tended to decrease while rainfall showed a slight increase for most stations. The daily wind speed increased 2 days before rainfall occurrence and decreased after then, with the highest wind speed observed during rainfall onset regardless of rainfall amount. Moreover, heavier rainfall events are more likely to occur with higher wind speeds. The findings of this study potentially improve the understanding of the dependence of rainfall and wind speed, which could help rainfall or wind-related disaster mitigation. HIGHLIGHTS Dependence of daily rainfall and wind speed over China's coastline is investigated.; Daily wind speed increased 2 days before rainfall occurrence and decreased after then.; Heavier rainfall events are more likely to occur with higher wind speeds.;

Estuarine ecosystems are influenced by the combination of freshwater runoff and ocean tides, and the natural environment is intricate and complex, with special natural environmental conditions and biological habitat characteristics. The Yellow River is characterized by high sediment-bearing water flow, and the estuary forms a unique clear and turbid confluence. The Water and Sand Regulation (WSRS) from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir to the estuary and nearshore has had significant impacts on the environmental conditions of water, sediment and nutrients, further affecting the growth and development of vegetation in the nearshore zone. In recent years, more studies have focused on the effects of climate change and ocean tides on vegetation in the Yellow River Estuary; however, few studies have been conducted on the effects of the WSRS on klysmoeionion. In this study, we investigated the influence of water flow, sediment and nutrients on klysmoeionion based on long-term field monitoring and indoor control experiments; constructed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics, sediment transport patterns and nutrient salt distribution in the Yellow River Estuary under the combined influence of tides and riverine water and sediment; and further combined the growth competition model of typical vegetation (including the native species Zostera japonica and invasive species Spartina alterniflora) to construct a suitable habitat simulation model for typical vegetation communities in the Yellow River Estuary. Habitat and biomass changes in Z. japonica and S. alterniflora in the Yellow River Estuary were simulated under the influence of the WSRS and climate change. The results showed that the distribution of suitable habitats for Z. japonica and S. alterniflora in the Yellow River Estuary and offshore was characterized by a zonal distribution along both sides of the estuary, with an increasing trend of suitable habitat area from the estuary to both sides of the estuary; due to environmental conditions and inter- and intra-species competition, the biomass of Z. japonica and S. alterniflora was mainly distributed in the estuary and near the northern and southern shores, with the southern shore have the most distribution. In contrast, S. alterniflora was mainly distributed in the northern shore away from the estuary and in Laizhou Bay. During the WSRS period, the suitable habitat area of Z. japonica decreased by 25%, and the biomass decreased by 50%, while the suitable habitat and biomass of S. alterniflora were not significantly affected. The growth of Z. japonica was severely affected by the dual effects of global warming and the WSRS, while the biomass of S. alterniflora showed an increasing trend. The WSRS can further consider the growth pattern of vegetation to protect the resources of Z. japonica and to curb the expansion of the invasive S. alterniflora.

As a kind of nature-derived bioactive materials, polyphenol-based hydrogels possess many unique and outstanding properties such as adhesion, toughness, and self-healing due to their specific crosslinking structures, which have been widely used in biomedical fields including wound healing, antitumor, treatment of motor system injury, digestive system disease, oculopathy, and bioelectronics. In this review, starting with the classification of common polyphenol-based hydrogels, the pyramid evolution process of polyphenol-based hydrogels from crosslinking structures to derived properties and then to biomedical applications is elaborated, as well as the efficient reverse design considerations of polyphenol-based hydrogel systems are proposed. Finally, the existing problems and development prospects of these hydrogel materials are discussed. It is hoped that the unique perspective of the review can promote further innovation and breakthroughs of polyphenol-based hydrogels in the future.

Abstract The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, with abundant water resources, high water energy reserves, and rich biodiversity. Human activities have greatly changed the hydrology and ecology of the Yangtze River Basin since the 1950s. The aquatic biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin has declined sharply, while the amount of fishery in the Yangtze River has been maintained due to higher intense of fishing, artificial proliferation intervention, and other factors. Human activities including overfishing, water polluting, damming, reclaiming wetlands, shipping and shoreline development, species introduction, and so forth have had great influence on aquatic ecosystems. This paper also reviewed the measures implemented to protect the aquatic ecosystems of the Yangtze River. By reviewing the evolutionary trend of aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River Basin and the related human activities, this paper helps to better understand the biodiversity of the Yangtze River, and requires more attention on the continuous impact of human activities, as well as the effectiveness of protection measures under the new situation of Yangtze River protection.

Abstract As the water source for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the Han River in China plays a role of the world’s largest inter-basin water transfer project. However, this human-interfered area has suffered from over-standard pollution emission and water blooms in recent years, which necessitates urgent awareness at both national and provincial scales. To perform a comprehensive analysis of the water quality condition of this study area, we apply both the water quality index (WQI) and minimal WQI (WQImin) methods to investigate the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of water quality. The results show that 8 parameters consisting of permanganate index (PI), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), fluoride (F-), arsenic (As), plumbum (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) have significant discrepancy in spatial scales, and the study basin also has a seasonal variation pattern with the lowest WQI values in summer and autumn. Moreover, compared to the traditional WQI, the WQImin model, with the assistance of stepwise linear regression analysis, could exhibit more accurate explanation with the coefficient of determination (R2) and percentage error (PE) values being 0.895 and 5.515%, respectively. The proposed framework is of great importance to improve the spatiotemporal recognition of water quality patterns and further helps develop efficient water management strategies at a reduced cost.

Abstract Background More than one-third of the total world population is infected by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). T. gondii has been linked to various diseases, such as cancer, mental disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), etc. However, the effects of T. gondii infection on the risk of osteoporosis are unclear. Our study aimed to uncover evidence to determine whether patients exposed to T. gondii have an increased or decreased risk of osteoporosis in people with abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) by using case–control study. Methods A total of 729 patients, including 316 osteopenia and 413 osteoporosis patients of Han Chinese ancestry were selected in the study. Their blood samples were collected and the levels of specific IgG antibodies against T. gondii were measured using ELISA assay. We obtained some information about the patients from the medical record that included demographic indexes and clinical data. A logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of T. gondii infection on femur osteoporosis, lumbar osteoporosis and compound osteoporosis. Potential interaction was analyzed using multifactor dimensionality reduction software 1.0.0 (MDR 1.0.0). Results 113 positive patients with T. gondii infections have been detected, including 80 cases of osteoporosis and 33 cases of osteopenia, the infection rates of T. gondii were 19.37% (80/413) and 10.44% (33/316), respectively. The patients with T.gondii infections were at a 2.60 times higher risk of suffering from compound osteoporosis than those without T. gondii infections (OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.54–4.39, P

Abstract Liver fibrosis represents a severe stage of liver damage, with hallmarks of inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation, and extracellular matrix accumulation. Although previous studies demonstrated γδ T cells are involved in liver fibrosis, the precise role and mechanisms of γδ T cells migrating to fibrotic liver have not been elucidated. Here, we aim to investigate the functional subsets of γδ T cells in hepatic fibrosis and to further explore the underlying causes and drivers of migration. In this study, we observed that γδ T cells accumulate in fibrotic liver. Adoptive transfer of γδ T, especially Vγ4 γδ T subset, can significantly alleviate liver fibrosis. In addition, CCl4 treatment also leads to activation of mTOR signaling in γδ T cells. Genetic deletion of the Rictor gene, but not Raptor, in γδ T cells markedly exacerbated liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, CCl4-induced liver injury causes macrophage accumulation in the liver, and IL-1β produced by macrophages promotes mTORC2 signaling activation in γδ T cells, which upregulates T-bet expression and eventually promotes CXCR3 transcription to drive γδ T cell migration. Moreover, hepatic γδ T cells ameliorated liver fibrosis by cytotoxicity against activated hepatic stellate cells in FasL-dependent manner, and secrete IFN-γ to inhibit the differentiation of pro-fibrotic Th17 cells. Thus, IL-1β-activated mTORC2 signaling in γδ T cells upregulates CXCR3 expression, which is critical for IFN-γ+ γδ T cells migration into the liver and amelioration of liver fibrosis. Our findings indicate that targeting the mTORC2 or CXCR3 in γδ T cells could be considered as a promising approach for γδ T cell immunotherapy against liver fibrosis.

IntroductionIn recent decades, single-cell sequencing technology has developed rapidly and used widely in various fields of life sciences, especially for the detection of immune cells. A bibliometric analysis of single-cell sequencing research work on immune cells published during the 2011-2021 period should provide new insight on the use of single-cell sequencing.MethodsWe screened 1,460 publications on single-cell sequencing on immune cells according to the publication date, article type, language, and country.ReultsThe United States published the first and largest number of articles, while China’s research started relatively late, but ranked second in the number of publications. T cells were the most commonly studied immune cells by single-cell sequencing, followed by mononuclear macrophages. Cancer biology was the most common field of immune cell research by single-cell sequencing. Single-cell sequencing studies using γδ T cells were mainly in the fields of cancer biology and cell development, and focused over time from cell surface receptor to cell function. Through in-depth analysis of the articles on single-cell sequencing of T cells in the oncology field, our analysis found that immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment were the most popular research directions in recent years.DiscussionThe combination of DNA damage repair and immunotherapy seems to provide a new strategy for cancer therapy.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has dual functions as a nonhistone nucleoprotein and an extracellular inflammatory cytokine. In the resting state, HMGB1 is mainly located in the nucleus and regulates key nuclear activities. After spinal cord injury, HMGB1 is rapidly expressed by neurons, microglia and ependymal cells, and it is either actively or passively released into the extracellular matrix and blood circulation; furthermore, it also participates in the pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury. HMGB1 can regulate the activation of M1 microglia, exacerbate the inflammatory response, and regulate the expression of inflammatory factors through Rage and TLR2/4, resulting in neuronal death. However, some studies have shown that HMGB1 is beneficial for the survival, regeneration and differentiation of neurons and that it promotes the recovery of motor function. This article reviews the specific timing of secretion and translocation, the release mechanism and the role of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury. Furthermore, the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury and, the challenges that still need to be addressed are identified, and this work will provide a basis for future studies.

Abstract Background HPV as the main cause of cervical cancer has long been revealed, but the detailed mechanism has not yet been elucidated. The role of testis/cancer antigen in cervical cancer has been revealed. However, there are no reports about the statement of testis/cancer-specific non-coding RNA. In this study, we first proposed TCAM1P as a testis/cancer-specific pseudogene, and used a series of experimental data to verify its relationship with HPV, and analyzed its diagnosis value of high-grade cervical lesions and the mechanism of their high expression in cervical cancer. This provides a new direction for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. Methods The specific expression of pseudogenes in each tissue was calculated by “TAU” formula. ROC curve was used to judge the diagnosed value of TCAM1P for high-grade lesions. The proliferation ability of cells was measured by CCK8. The expression of TCAM1P, HPV E6/E7 were detected by qRT-PCR. The binding for RBPs on TCAM1P was predicted by starbase v2.0 database, then RIP assay was used to verify. Besides, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed with “clusterprofiler” R package. Results TCAM1P was specifically high-expressed in normal testicular tissue and cervical cancer. Interesting, with the severity of cervical lesions increased, the expression of TCAM1P increased, and TCAM1P could effectively diagnose high-grade cervical lesions. Besides, the expression of TCAM1P was HPV dependent, with highest expression in HPV-positive cervical cancer tissues. Furthermore, RIP assay showed that EIF4A3 regulated the expression of TCAM1P through binding with it. CCK8 assay showed that TCAM1P promoted the proliferation and the Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis same suggested that TCAM1P is involved in multiple ways in cell proliferation including Cell cycle, DNA replication and etc. Conclusions In this study, we firstly proposed that TCAM1P is cancer/testis pseudogene and is regulated by HPV E6/E7 and EIF4A3. TCAM1P promotes the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and acts as promoter in cervical cancer. Otherwise, TCAM1P promote proliferation through regulating cell cycle and DNA replication, but more evidence needs to be provided to reveal the mechanism by which TCAM1P plays a role in cervical cancer.

Abstract The hydrological cycle, affected by climate change and rapid urbanization in recent decades, has been altered to some extent and further poses great challenges to three key factors of water resources allocation (i.e., efficiency, equity and sustainability). However, previous studies usually focused on one or two aspects without considering their underlying interconnections, which are insufficient for interaction cognition between hydrology and social systems. This study aims at reinforcing water management by considering all factors simultaneously. The efficiency represents the total economic interests of domesticity, industry and agriculture sectors, and the Gini coefficient is introduced to measure the allocation equity. A multi-objective water resources allocation model was developed for efficiency and equity optimization, with sustainability (the river ecological flow) as a constraint. The Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was employed to derive the Pareto front of such a water resources allocation system, which enabled decision-makers to make a scientific and practical policy in water resources planning and management. The proposed model was demonstrated in the middle and lower Han River basin, China. The results indicate that the Pareto front can reflect the conflicting relationship of efficiency and equity in water resources allocation, and the best alternative chosen by cost performance method may provide rich information as references in integrated water resources planning and management.

Abstract There are three subtypes of undifferentiated human conventional osteosarcoma (HCOS): osteoblastic osteosarcoma (OOS), chondroblastic osteosarcoma (COS), and fibroblastic osteosarcoma (FOS). HCOS also exhibits heterogeneous pathological maldifferentiation in individual patients. Currently, the mechanism regulating HCOS differentiation remains unclear, and therapies are ineffective. Osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) are markers of osteoblast maturation, and their expression is inhibited in HCOS. A previous study found that PLK2 inhibited TAp73 phosphorylation and consequent anti‐OS function of TAp73 in OS cells with enriched TAp73. TAp73 was also reported to regulate bone cell calcification. Here, OOS was found to have higher TAp73 levels and PLK2 expression than those in COS, which is correlated with HCOS maldifferentiation according to Spearman analysis and affects patient prognosis according to Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis. In the conventional OS cell‐line Saos2 and in patient‐derived xenograft OS (PDX‐OS) cells, increased PLK2 expression owing to abundant TAp73 levels affected OPN and OCN content as measured by RT‐PCR and Western blotting, and alizarin red staining showed that PLK2 affected calcium deposition in OS cells. In addition, PLK2 inhibition in PDX‐OS cells prohibited clone formation, as indicated by a clonogenic assay, and sensitized OS cells to cisplatin (CDDP) (which consequently limited proliferation), as shown by the CCK‐8 assay. In an established PDX animal model with abundant TAp73 levels, PLK2 inhibition or CDDP treatment prevented tumor growth and prolonged median survival. The combined therapeutic effect of PLK2 inhibition with CDDP treatment was better than that of either monotherapy. These results indicate that increased PLK2 levels due to enriched TAp73 affect osteogenic differentiation and maturation and OS prognosis. In conclusion, PLK2 is a potential target for differentiation therapy of OS with enriched TAp73.

Space-time image velocimetry (STIV) is a promising technique for river surface flow field measurement with the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). STIV can give the magnitude of the velocity along the search line set manually thus the application of the STIV needs to determine the flow direction in advance. However, it is impossible to judge the velocity direction at any points before measurement in most mountainous rivers due to their complex terrain. A two-dimensional STIV is proposed in this study to obtain the magnitude and direction of the velocity automatically. The direction of river flow is independently determined by rotating the search line to find the space-time image which has the most prominent oblique stripes. The performance of the two-dimensional STIV is examined in the simulated images and the field measurements including the Xiasi River measurements and the Kuye River measurements, which prove it is a reliable method for the surface flow field measurement of mountain rivers.

The majority of chitosan-based bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds have the problem of poor mechanical properties. However, modifying chitosan with conventional silane coupling agents to improve the mechanical properties of scaffolds will introduce additional complications, including cytotoxicity and poor biocompatibility. In this study, two types of organic–inorganic composite scaffolds (F-A-T0/T3/T5 and F-B-T5-P0/P0.5/P1.5/P2.5) were prepared using chitosan nanofibers (CSNF) prepared by the beating-homogenization method, combined with the sol–gel method, and further introduced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The F-A-T3 and F-B-T5-P1.5 exhibited interconnected pore and surface nanofibers structures, high porosity (>70%), outstanding swelling properties, and a controllable degradation rate. The Young’s modulus of TEOS: 5.0% (w/w), PVA: 1.5% (w/w) chitosan fiber scaffold is 8.53 ± 0.43 MPa in dry conditions, and 237.78 ± 8.86 kPa in wet conditions, which is four times that of F-A-T5 and twice that of F-B-T5-P0. Additionally, cell (MC3T3-E1) experiments confirmed that the two composite scaffolds had great cytocompatibility and were predicted to be used in the future in the field of BTE scaffolds.

With high morbidity and death rates, liver cancer has become one of the most common cancers in the world. But, most chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs have high toxicity as well as low specificity. To improve the treatment modalities and enhance the therapeutic effect of liver cancer, a brand new liver-targeting nanoparticle (NP), Ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (5 F)-loaded cholic acid (CA)-functionalized star-shaped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lactobionic acid (LA) (5 F-loaded CA-PLGA-PEG-LA), was developed. The particle size, zeta potential, size distribution, surface morphology, drug loading content, drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release of 5 F-loaded NPs were characterized. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed that the prepared NPs could be internalized by HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the cellular uptake efficiency of coumarin 6-loaded CA-PLGA-PEG-LA NPs was much better in compare with that of CA-PLGA-PEG and CA-PLGA NPs. Moreover, LA-conjugated NPs (CA-PLGA-PEG-LA NPs) enhanced fluorescence of HepG2 cells via ligand-mediated endocytosis. The antitumor effects of 5 F-loaded NPs were evaluated by the MTT assay in vitro and by a xenograft tumor model in vivo, demonstrating that targeted 5 F-loaded CA-PLGA-PEG-LA NPs were significantly superior to free 5 F and 5 F-loaded CA-PLGA-PEG NPs. All the results indicated the 5 F-loaded CA-PLGA-PEG-LA NPs can be employed as a novel potentially targeting drug delivery system for liver cancer therapy.

Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) is associated with significant progress in biological research and has attracted increasing attention. However, the impact of ATAC-seq on cancer biology has not been objectively analyzed. We categorized 440 ATAC-seq publications according to the publication date, type, field, and country. R 3.6.2 was used to analyze the distribution of research fields. VOSviewer was used for country co-authorship and author co-authorship analyses, and GraphPad Prism 8 was used for correlation analyses of the factors that may affect the number of articles published in different countries. We found that ATAC-seq plays roles in carcinogenesis, anticancer immunity, targeted therapy, and metastasis risk predictions and is most frequently used in studies of leukemia among all types of cancer. We found a significantly strong correlation between the top 10 countries in terms of the number of publications and the gross expenditure on research and development (R&D), the number of universities, and the number of researchers. At present, ATAC-seq technology is undergoing a period of rapid development, making it inseparable from the emphasis and investment in scientific research by many countries. Collectively, ATAC-seq has advantages in the study of the cancer mechanisms because it can detect nucleic acids and thus has good application prospects in the field of cancer, especially in leukemia studies. As a country's economic strength increases and the emphasis on scientific research deepens, ATAC-seq will definitely play a more significant role in the field of cancer biology.

The butyrophilins (BTNs) represent a unique family of immunoglobulin. They were considered to be involved in milk lactation after their discovery in 1981. With the development of research, an increasing number of research revealed that BTNs play important roles in immune regulation [1992–2019]. Our research aimed to summarize the BTN research status and their relationship with lung cancers and breast cancers by bibliometrics and bioinformatics methods. Our results indicate that the researches on immune-regulatory functions of BTNs gradually developed from 1992 to 2006, whereas they increased quickly after 2007. There are international cooperations among 56 countries, of which the United States is the most active one with the highest number of studies as well as highest citations. By coauthorship and cocitation analysis, we showed that Adrian Hayday, who is active in γδ T-cell field, was an active author in BTN publications with average year of 2015 and led a subfield. By keywords co-occurrence analysis, we found that γδ T cell, which is an important cancer immune regulator, is one important hotspot. Finally, we found that several BTN members' expression levels were significantly correlated with prognosis of lung cancer and breast cancer patients. Thus, these BTNs might play immune regulatory effects and could serve as potential biomarkers for cancer.

The interval concept lattice theory, a new method of mining objects based on interval parameters, can more accurately deal with uncertain information than the classical concept lattice theory. The optimization of interval parameters has been a problem that is not well solved. From the perspective of three-way decision space, we first combine the theories of interval concept lattice and three-way decision and then put forward interval three-way decision space theory; second, in the interval three-way decision space, the positive region, negative region, and boundary region are divided by extension of interval three-way decision concept; further, the decision loss function and three-way decision rules are extracted. Through adjusting interval parameters of the lattice structure, we could find that when parameter α is roughly 0.6, more credible decision rules will be mined and decision-making becomes more clear than that under the condition α is less than 0.6; finally, we verify the model by a “Green Products Recommendation” example.

The dataset contains reservoir characteristic parameters, streamflow series of reservoirs in the upper Yangtze River, the standard operating rules (SORs) and the seasonal top of buffer pools (seasonal TBPs) for these reservoirs, which were provided by the Yangtze River Commission. Moreover, annual hydropower of these reservoirs is tested to evaluate operation performance. These research materials are related to the research article in Advances in Water Resources, entitled ‘Optimal impoundment operation for cascade reservoirs coupling parallel dynamic programming with importance sampling and successive approximation’ (He et al., 2019). The dataset could be used to derive optimal operating rules to explore the potential benefits of water resources via our proposed algorithm (importance sampling – parallel dynamic programming, IS-PDP) in different runoff scenarios. It can also be further applied for water resources management and other potential users. Keywords: Cascade reservoirs, Impoundment operation, Yangtze river basin, Streamflow observation, Parallel dynamic programming, Importance sampling, Seasonal top of buffer pools

Many studies based on single-point measurement data have demonstrated the impressive ability of wavelet coherency analysis to catch the coherent structures in the wall-bounded flows; however, the question of how the events found by the wavelet coherency analysis relate to the features of the coherent structures remains open. Time series of velocity fields in x−y plane of the steady open channel flow was obtained from a time-resolved particle imaging velocimetry system. The local wavelet spectrum found shows that one of the main energetic scales in open channel flows is 3h motions. The wavelet coherent coefficients of u and v series from the same measurement points successfully detected the occurrence and the scale of these 3h motions, and the phase angle indicates their inside velocity structure is organized by the Q2 and Q4 events. The wavelet coherency analysis between different measurement points further reveals the incline feature of the 3h scale motions. All the features of this 3h motion found by the wavelet coherency analysis coincide well with the flow field that is created by the passing of hairpin packets.

The controlled outflows from a reservoir are highly dependent on the decisions made by the reservoir operators who mainly rely on available hydrologic information, such as past outflows, reservoir water level and forecasted inflows. In this study, Random Forests (RF) algorithm is used to build reservoir outflow simulation model to evaluate the value of hydrologic information. The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China is selected as a case study. As input variables of the model, the classic hydrologic information is divided into past, current and future information. Several different simulation models are established based on the combinations of these three groups of information. The influences and value of hydrologic information on reservoir outflow decision-making are evaluated from two different perspectives, the one is the simulation result of different models and the other is the importance ranking of the input variables in RF algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to reasonably simulate outflow decisions of TGR. It is shown that past outflow is the most important information and the forecasted inflows are more important in the flood season than in the non-flood season for reservoir operation decision-making.

This paper explores a two-echelon tourism supply chain consisting of a hotel and an online travel agency. The upside hotel rooms can be sold through the downside hotel alliance and online travel agency. The hotel alliance, selling rooms at a lower price, is a direct sale platform with a negligible entry fee. Notwithstanding, the online travel agency sells the room at a higher price with related personalized service. Customers will be refunded partially in case of their cancellation or no-show. An integrated model and two decentralized models based on Bertrand and Stackelberg games are developed, respectively. The results show that when the wholesale price is lower than a certain value, both the hotel and the online travel agency can gain more profit from the Stackelberg game than that from the Bertrand game. In the case that the hotel allows overbooking, the optimal overbooking quantity is obtained. If the overbooking proportion is too high, overbooking is profitable for the hotel only when the overbooking cost is lower than a certain value. At the end of the study, some experiments are conducted to analyze the sensitivity of the optimal prices and profits in the light of certain parameters.

Treatment for haemangioma of the spinal cord often results in extensive bony resection that necessitates fusion and/or instrumentation. We report on a 75-year-old man who presented with neuropathic pain and muscle weakness of both lower limbs, secondary to an epidural haemangioma at T11–T12, extending laterally into the neuroforamen. The tumour was resected within the neuroforamen after a partial laminectomy and limited medial foraminotomy at T11–T12, without disruption of the osseous continuity of the pars interarticularis, avoiding spinal stabilisation surgery.