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142 results on '"Keefe, R. S."'

14. Disrupted salience network functional connectivity and white-matter microstructure in persons at risk for psychosis: findings from the LYRIKS study

Author

Wang, C., primary, Ji, F., additional, Hong, Z., additional, Poh, J. S., additional, Krishnan, R., additional, Lee, J., additional, Rekhi, G., additional, Keefe, R. S. E., additional, Adcock, R. A., additional, Wood, S. J., additional, Fornito, A., additional, Pasternak, O., additional, Chee, M. W. L., additional, and Zhou, J., additional

Published
2016
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17. The joint impact of cognitive performance in adolescence and familial cognitive aptitude on risk for major psychiatric disorders: a delineation of four potential pathways to illness

Author

Kendler, K S, Ohlsson, H, Keefe, R S E, Sundquist, K, and Sundquist, J

Abstract

How do joint measures of premorbid cognitive ability and familial cognitive aptitude (FCA) reflect risk for a diversity of psychiatric and substance use disorders? To address this question, we examined, using Cox models, the predictive effects of school achievement (SA) measured at age 16 and FCA—assessed from SA in siblings and cousins, and educational attainment in parents—on risk for 12 major psychiatric syndromes in 1?140?608 Swedes born 1972–1990. Four developmental patterns emerged. In the first, risk was predicted jointly by low levels of SA and high levels of FCA—that is a level of SA lower than would be predicted from the FCA. This pattern was strongest in autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, and weakest in bipolar illness. In these disorders, a pathologic process seems to have caused cognitive functioning to fall substantially short of familial potential. In the second pattern, seen in the internalizing conditions of major depression and anxiety disorders, risk was associated with low SA but was unrelated to FCA. Externalizing disorders—drug abuse and alcohol use disorders—demonstrated the third pattern, in which risk was predicted jointly by low SA and low FCA. The fourth pattern, seen in eating disorders, was directly opposite of that observed in externalizing disorders with risk associated with high SA and high FCA. When measured together, adolescent cognitive ability and FCA identified four developmental patterns leading to diverse psychiatric disorders. The value of cognitive assessments in psychiatric research can be substantially increased by also evaluating familial cognitive potential.

Published
2018
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28. Disrupted salience network functional connectivity and white-matter microstructure in persons at risk for psychosis: findings from the LYRIKS study

Author

Wang, C., Ji, F., Hong, Z., Poh, J. S., Krishnan, R., Lee, J., Rekhi, G., Keefe, R. S. E., Adcock, R. A., Wood, S. J., Fornito, A., Pasternak, O., Chee, M. W. L., and Zhou, J.

Subjects
At risk for psychosis, functional connectivity, LYRIKS, salience network, transition to psychosis, white-matter microstructure
Abstract

Background: Salience network (SN) dysconnectivity has been hypothesized to contribute to schizophrenia. Nevertheless, little is known about the functional and structural dysconnectivity of SN in subjects at risk for psychosis. We hypothesized that SN functional and structural connectivity would be disrupted in subjects with At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) and would be associated with symptom severity and disease progression. Method We examined 87 ARMS and 37 healthy participants using both resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Group differences in SN functional and structural connectivity were examined using a seed-based approach and tract-based spatial statistics. Subject-level functional connectivity measures and diffusion indices of disrupted regions were correlated with CAARMS scores and compared between ARMS with and without transition to psychosis. Results: ARMS subjects exhibited reduced functional connectivity between the left ventral anterior insula and other SN regions. Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity were also found along white-matter tracts in close proximity to regions of disrupted functional connectivity, including frontal-striatal-thalamic circuits and the cingulum. FA measures extracted from these disrupted white-matter regions correlated with individual symptom severity in the ARMS group. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the bilateral insula and FA at the forceps minor were further reduced in subjects who transitioned to psychosis after 2 years. Conclusions: Our findings support the insular dysconnectivity of the proximal SN hypothesis in the early stages of psychosis. Further developed, the combined structural and functional SN assays may inform the prognosis of persons at-risk for psychosis.

Published
2016
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40. Latent structure of cognition in schizophrenia: a confirmatory factor analysis of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).

Author

McCleery, A., Green, M. F., Hellemann, G. S., Baade, L. E., Gold, J. M., Keefe, R. S. E., Kern, R. S., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Seidman, L. J., Subotnik, K. L., Ventura, J., and Nuechterlein, K. H.

Subjects
COGNITION, FACTOR analysis, LATENT structure analysis, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests, SCHIZOPHRENIA
Abstract

A correction to the article "Latent structure of cognition in schizophrenia: a confirmatory factor analysis of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB)" is presented.

Published
2016
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49. Evaluating how treatment adherence influences cognitive remediation outcomes

Author

Benedetta Seccomandi, Deborah Agbedjro, Richard S.E. Keefe, Silvana Galderisi, Joanna Fiszdon, Armida Mucci, Til Wykes, Matteo Cella, Seccomandi, B., Agbedjro, D., Keefe, R. S. E., Galderisi, S., Fiszdon, J., Mucci, A., Wykes, T., and Cella, M.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Treatment response, Treatment Adherence and Compliance, Executive Function, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Treatment Outcome, Cognition, Schizophrenia, Humans, Female, Cognitive remediation, Functioning, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract

Background: There is evidence that Cognitive Remediation (CR) is an efficacious approach to reduce cognitive and functioning difficulties in people with schizophrenia. However, there is still a limited understanding of what influences different treatment responses. Treatment adherence has been suggested as one factor but has not been investigated systematically. Aim: To investigate how the number of CR sessions completed influences treatment outcomes. Method: This study used data from six randomised controlled trials comparing CR to a control condition. Instrumental variable analysis was used to evaluate the effect of number of treatment sessions on cognitive and functional outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant predictors of session attendance. Results: A total of 440 participants with schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis were considered. Participants were mostly men (71.6%) and had a mean age of 39.6 (SD 10.69). A higher number of CR sessions led to larger improvements in executive function and processing speed at end of therapy. However, number of sessions did not influence outcomes for working memory and functioning. Younger age and higher levels of negative symptoms at baseline were associated with higher treatment attendance. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of treatment adherence and underscore the importance of massed practice, at least for some cognitive outcomes. While it may be complex to assess a single session's contribution to outcome in a dose-response fashion, accessing more sessions seems associated with some cognitive benefits. Observing a relationship to functioning may require longer therapy.

Published
2022
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50. Can IQ moderate the response to cognitive remediation in people with schizophrenia?

Author

Til Wykes, Matteo Cella, Morris D. Bell, Javier Peña, Joanna M. Fiszdon, Roberto Cavallaro, Armida Mucci, Richard S.E. Keefe, Benedetta Seccomandi, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Margherita Bechi, Silvana Galderisi, Natalia Ojeda, Deborah Agbedjro, Seccomandi, B., Agbedjro, D., Bell, M., Keefe, R. S. E., Keshavan, M., Galderisi, S., Fiszdon, J., Mucci, A., Cavallaro, R., Bechi, M., Ojeda, N., Pena, J., Wykes, T., Cella, M., Seccomandi, Benedetta, Agbedjro, Deborah, Bell, Morri, Keefe, Richard S E, Keshavan, Matcheri, Galderisi, Silvana, Fiszdon, Joanna, Mucci, Armida, Cavallaro, Roberto, Bechi, Margherita, Ojeda, Natalia, Peña, Javier, Wykes, Til, and Cella, Matteo

Subjects
Premorbid IQ, Intelligence, Psychological intervention, Cognitive reserve, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Moderator, medicine, Humans, Biological Psychiatry, Working memory, medicine.disease, Moderation, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Psychotic Disorders, Cognitive remediation therapy, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Cognitive remediation, Psychology, Current IQ, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology, Diagnosis of schizophrenia
Abstract

Background IQ and IQ decline are considered risk factors for poor prognosis in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, it is still not clear if, at least in part, IQ and IQ decline influence long-term outcomes via a negative effect on interventions. Aim To identify whether current IQ, estimated premorbid IQ, or IQ decline moderate the response to cognitive remediation (CR). Method Individual participant data from twelve randomised controlled trials of CR were considered. Hierarchical and k-means analyses were carried out to identify different IQ clusters. The moderating effect of estimated premorbid IQ, current IQ, and different IQ clusters (preserved, deteriorated and compromised trajectories) on cognitive outcomes at post-therapy and follow-up were evaluated using multiple linear regression. Results Data from 984 participants (CR = 544, control = 440) with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders were considered. The sample had a mean current IQ of 84.16 (SD 15.61) and estimated premorbid IQ of 95.82 (SD 10.63). Current IQ moderated working memory outcomes: people with higher IQ had larger working memory gains after therapy compared to those with a lower IQ. Those with a preserved IQ had better cognitive outcomes compared to either the deteriorated or compromised IQ groups, and those with a deteriorated IQ had better outcomes compared to those in the compromised IQ group. Conclusion Current IQ is a significant moderator of cognitive gains after CR. These findings highlight the need to evaluate whether therapy adaptations (e.g. offering more sessions) can attenuate this effect so that those with lower IQ may derive benefit similar to those with higher IQ.

Published
2021

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