16 results on '"Kees T. Veldman"'
Search Results
2. Temporal association of antimicrobial use in livestock with antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoid Salmonella human infections in the Netherlands, 2008–2019
- Author
-
Linda E. Chanamé Pinedo, Anouk P. Meijs, Huifang Deng, Sabine C. de Greeff, Engeline van Duijkeren, Cindy M. Dierikx, Kees T. Veldman, Pim Sanders, Maaike J.C. van den Beld, Bart Wullings, Eelco Franz, Roan Pijnacker, and Lapo Mughini-Gras more...
- Subjects
Antimicrobial use ,Livestock ,Drug resistance ,Salmonellosis ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among zoonotic pathogens, such as non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS). Since 2009, the Netherlands has made substantial efforts to reduce AMU in livestock. Objectives: To assess the association between AMU in livestock and AMR in NTS human isolates. Additionally, associations between AMU in broilers/pigs and AMR in NTS broiler/pig isolates, and between AMR in broilers/pigs and in human NTS isolates were assessed. The focus was on Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium including its monophasic variant (ST/STM). Methods: A national population registry-based study was conducted in the Netherlands from 2008 to 2019. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between livestock AMU and NTS resistance proportion in humans and broilers/pigs, overall as well as per class-specific antimicrobials. Correlation analysis was performed to relate AMR proportions between human and broiler/pig NTS isolates. Results: For SE, only a positive association between penicillins use in broilers and resistance to ampicillin among human isolates was significant. For ST/STM, most associations between AMU in livestock and AMR among human isolates were significantly positive, overall and per class-specific antimicrobials, namely for penicillins-ampicillin, tetracyclines-tetracycline and sulfonamides/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Significantly positive associations between AMU in broilers/pigs and AMR in broiler/pig ST/STM isolates were also observed, but not between broiler/pig and human AMR levels. Conclusions: Significant associations were generally found between livestock AMU and AMR in human and broiler/pig ST/STM isolates. However, confounding factors, such as imported meat and travel are of concern. To fully comprehend the impact of livestock AMU on resistance in human NTS isolates, it is imperative to enhance AMR surveillance of NTS. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. Whole-genome sequencing for antimicrobial surveillance: species-specific quality thresholds and data evaluation from the network of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance genomic proficiency tests of 2021 and 2022
- Author
-
Lauge Holm Sørensen, Susanne Karlsmose Pedersen, Jacob Dyring Jensen, Niamh Lacy-Roberts, Athina Andrea, Michael S. M. Brouwer, Kees T. Veldman, Yan Lou, Maria Hoffmann, and Rene S. Hendriksen
- Subjects
whole-genome sequencing ,quality control ,short-read sequencing ,antimicrobial resistance ,genomic proficiency test ,statistical comparison ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT As antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance shifts to genomics, ensuring the quality of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data produced across laboratories is critical. Participation in genomic proficiency tests (GPTs) not only increases individual laboratories' WGS capacity but also provides a unique opportunity to improve species-specific thresholds for WGS quality control (QC) by repeated resequencing of distinct isolates. Here, we present the results of the EU Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance (EURL-AR) network GPTs of 2021 and 2022, which included 25 EU national reference laboratories (NLRs). A total of 392 genomes from 12 AMR-bacteria were evaluated based on WGS QC metrics. Two percent (n = 9) of the data were excluded, due to contamination, and 11% (n = 41) of the remaining genomes were identified as outliers in at least one QC metric and excluded from computation of the adjusted QC thresholds (AQT). Two QC metric correlation groups were identified through linear regression. Eight percent (n = 28) of the submitted genomes, from 11 laboratories, failed one or more of the AQTs. However, only three laboratories (12%) were identified as underperformers, failing across AQTs for uncorrelated QC metrics in at least two genomes. Finally, new species-specific thresholds for “N50” and “number of contigs > 200 bp” are presented for guidance in routine laboratory QC. The continued participation of NRLs in GPTs will reveal WGS workflow flaws and improve AMR surveillance data. GPT data will continue to contribute to the development of reliable species-specific thresholds for routine WGS QC, standardizing sequencing data QC and ensure inter- and intranational laboratory comparability.IMPORTANCEIllumina next-generation sequencing is an integral part of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and the most widely used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) platform. The high-throughput, relative low-cost, high discriminatory power, and rapid turnaround time of WGS compared to classical biochemical methods means the technology will likely remain a fundamental tool in AMR surveillance and public health. In this study, we present the current level of WGS capacity among national reference laboratories in the EU Reference Laboratory for AMR network, summarizing applied methodology and statistically evaluating the quality of the obtained sequence data. These findings provide the basis for setting new and revised thresholds for quality metrics used in routine WGS, which have previously been arbitrarily defined. In addition, underperforming participants are identified and encouraged to evaluate their workflows to produce reliable results. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A global genomic analysis of Salmonella Concord reveals lineages with high antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia
- Author
-
Wim L. Cuypers, Pieter Meysman, François-Xavier Weill, Rene S. Hendriksen, Getenet Beyene, John Wain, Satheesh Nair, Marie A. Chattaway, Blanca M. Perez-Sepulveda, Pieter-Jan Ceyssens, Tessa de Block, Winnie W. Y. Lee, Maria Pardos de la Gandara, Christian Kornschober, Jacob Moran-Gilad, Kees T. Veldman, Martin Cormican, Mia Torpdahl, Patricia I. Fields, Tomáš Černý, Liselotte Hardy, Bieke Tack, Kate C. Mellor, Nicholas Thomson, Gordon Dougan, Stijn Deborggraeve, Jan Jacobs, Kris Laukens, and Sandra Van Puyvelde more...
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Concord (S. Concord) is known to cause severe gastrointestinal and bloodstream infections in patients from Ethiopia and Ethiopian adoptees, and occasional records exist of S. Concord linked to other countries. The evolution and geographical distribution of S. Concord remained unclear. Here, we provide a genomic overview of the population structure and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of S. Concord by analysing genomes from 284 historical and contemporary isolates obtained between 1944 and 2022 across the globe. We demonstrate that S. Concord is a polyphyletic serovar distributed among three Salmonella super-lineages. Super-lineage A is composed of eight S. Concord lineages, of which four are associated with multiple countries and low levels of AMR. Other lineages are restricted to Ethiopia and horizontally acquired resistance to most antimicrobials used for treating invasive Salmonella infections in low- and middle-income countries. By reconstructing complete genomes for 10 representative strains, we demonstrate the presence of AMR markers integrated in structurally diverse IncHI2 and IncA/C2 plasmids, and/or the chromosome. Molecular surveillance of pathogens such as S. Concord supports the understanding of AMR and the multi-sector response to the global AMR threat. This study provides a comprehensive baseline data set essential for future molecular surveillance. more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistant Escherichia coli: trends and seasonality in the Netherlands from 2014 to 2022
- Author
-
Michael S.M. Brouwer, Eduardo de Freitas Costa, Anita Dame-Korevaar, Adam P. Roberts, and Kees T. Veldman
- Subjects
AMR ,Livestock ,Season ,ESBL ,Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and the environment likely contribute to the prevalence of AMR in humans with potential detrimental effects on human health. As such, annual mandatory monitoring of AMR in livestock occurs within the European Union (EU), according to harmonised methods. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins-resistant (ESC-resistant) Escherichia coli, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) and carbapenemase producing E. coli, are considered of particular importance and are therefore included in the monitoring program. Methods: Using results from the annual monitoring of ESC-resistant E. coli from 2014–2022, trends in prevalence per animal sector were determined over the complete time period, as well as potential seasonal effects. Results: During these nine years, significant changes were observed in the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli, in broilers, dairy cattle and veal calves, while no changes in prevalence were seen in slaughter pigs. Furthermore, the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli is positively correlated with warmer seasons (summer and autumn) for both dairy cattle and veal calves, while no associations were found for broilers and slaughter pigs. While temperature itself may play a role in the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli, other factors affecting the selective landscape, such as antibiotic usage, will also play a role. Conclusion: A combined analysis of antimicrobial usage and prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli through the year, both in livestock and human samples, would be an interesting follow-up of this study. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Succession in the caecal microbiota of developing broilers colonised by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli
- Author
-
Ingrid Cárdenas-Rey, Teresita d. J. Bello Gonzalez, Jeanet van der Goot, Daniela Ceccarelli, Gerwin Bouwhuis, Danielle Schillemans, Stephanie D. Jurburg, Kees T. Veldman, J. Arjan G. M. de Visser, and Michael S. M. Brouwer more...
- Subjects
Broilers ,ESBL ,Escherichia coli ,Microbiota ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Broilers are among the most common and dense poultry production systems, where antimicrobials have been used extensively to promote animal health and performance. The continuous usage of antimicrobials has contributed to the appearance of resistant bacteria, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec). Here, we studied the ESBL-Ec prevalence and successional dynamics of the caecal microbiota of developing broilers in a commercial flock during their production life cycle (0–35 days). Broilers were categorised as ESBL-Ec colonised (ESBL-Ec+) or ESBL-Ec non-colonised (ESBL-Ec−) by selective culturing. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we i. compared the richness, evenness and composition of the caecal microbiota of both broilers’ groups and ii. assessed the combined role of age and ESBL-Ec status on the broilers’ caecal microbiota. Results From day two, we observed an increasing linear trend in the proportions of ESBL-Ec throughout the broilers' production life cycle, X 2 (1, N = 12) = 28.4, p more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Genomic evolution of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli
- Author
-
Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon, Markus Hans Kristofer Johansson, Patrick Munk, Burkhard Malorny, Magdalena Skarżyńska, Katharina Wadepohl, Gabriel Moyano, Ayla Hesp, Kees T. Veldman, Alex Bossers, EFFORT Consortium, Magdalena Zając, Dariusz Wasyl, Pascal Sanders, Bruno Gonzalez-Zorn, Michael S. M. Brouwer, Jaap A. Wagenaar, Dick J. J. Heederik, Dik Mevius, and Frank M. Aarestrup more...
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest health threats globally. In addition, the use of antimicrobial drugs in humans and livestock is considered an important driver of antimicrobial resistance. The commensal microbiota, and especially the intestinal microbiota, has been shown to have an important role in the emergence of AMR. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) also play a central role in facilitating the acquisition and spread of AMR genes. We isolated Escherichia coli (n = 627) from fecal samples in respectively 25 poultry, 28 swine, and 15 veal calf herds from 6 European countries to investigate the phylogeny of E. coli at country, animal host and farm levels. Furthermore, we examine the evolution of AMR in E. coli genomes including an association with virulence genes, plasmids and MGEs. We compared the abundance metrics retrieved from metagenomic sequencing and whole genome sequenced of E. coli isolates from the same fecal samples and farms. The E. coli isolates in this study indicated no clonality or clustering based on country of origin and genetic markers; AMR, and MGEs. Nonetheless, mobile genetic elements play a role in the acquisition of AMR and virulence genes. Additionally, an abundance of AMR was agreeable between metagenomic and whole genome sequencing analysis for several AMR classes in poultry fecal samples suggesting that metagenomics could be used as an indicator for surveillance of AMR in E. coli isolates and vice versa. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Changes in Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacterales in Dutch Veal Calves by Clonal Spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Author
-
Teresita d.J. Bello Gonzalez, Arie Kant, Quillan Dijkstra, Francesca Marcato, Kees van Reenen, Kees T. Veldman, and Michael S. M. Brouwer
- Subjects
veal calves ,fecal carriage ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,clonal spread ,extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the changes in fecal carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) in a single Dutch veal calves. During the rearing period at the Dutch veal farm, a decrease in fecal carriage of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli isolates was observed after 2 weeks at the veal farm, while an increase of cefotaxime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was demonstrated. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were isolated from rectal swabs collected from 110 veal calves in week 2, 6, 10, 18, and 24 after their arrival at the farm. ESBL-PE isolates were selectively cultured and identified by MALDI-TOF. ESBL genes were characterized by RT-PCR, PCRs, and amplicon sequencing. A total of 80 E. coli and 174 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 104 out of 110 veal calves. The prevalence of ESBL-E. coli decreased from week 2 (61%) to week 6 (7%), while an unexpected increase in ESBL-K. pneumoniae colonization was detected in week 6 (80%). The predominant ESBL genes detected in E. coli isolates were blaCTX-M-15 and the non-ESBL gene blaTEM-1a, while in K. pneumoniae blaCTX-M-14 gene was detected in all isolates. Four cefotaxime-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were randomly selected and characterized in deep by transformation, PCR-based replicon typing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The clonal relatedness of a subgroup of nine animals carrying K. pneumoniae ESBL genes was investigated by Multi Locus sequence typing (MLST). In four ESBL-K. pneumoniae isolates, blaCTX-M-14 was located on IncFIIK and IncFIINK plasmid replicons and the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). MLST demonstrated a clonal spread of ESBL-K. pneumoniae ST107. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a change in fecal carriage of ESBL-PE over time in the same veal calf during the rearing period. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 detected on an IncI1 plasmid in Escherichia coli from meat
- Author
-
Michael S.M. Brouwer, Richard N. Goodman, Arie Kant, Dik Mevius, Enas Newire, Adam P. Roberts, and Kees T. Veldman
- Subjects
Mobile colistin resistance ,1 mcr-1 ,IncI1 plasmid ,Conjugation ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Objectives: Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes encoded on conjugative plasmids, although described only relatively recently, have been reported globally both in humans and livestock. The genes are often associated with the insertion sequence ISApl1 that can transpose the genes to novel genetic locations. Since its first report, multiple variants of mcr have been discovered in a variety of genetic locations in Escherichia coli, in plasmids and integrated into the chromosome. Methods: Using hybrid assembly of short-read and long-read whole-genome sequencing data, the presence ofmcr-1 was confirmed on an IncI1 plasmid in E. coli. In vitro conjugation assays were performed to determine the potential to transfer between strains. Genetic comparison with previously reported IncI1 plasmids was performed. Results: The genomic sequence identified thatmcr-1 is present on a complete IncI1 plasmid. Comparison with previously reported extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding plasmids from E. coli in the Netherlands from the same time period indicated a distinct lineage for this plasmid. Conclusions: The observation ofmcr-1 on an IncI1 plasmid confirms that the genetic region of this gene is actively transposed between genetic locations. This active transposition has consequences for the study of the epidemiology of mcr in populations. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Building an International One Health Strain Level Database to Characterise the Epidemiology of AMR Threats: ESBL—AmpC Producing E. coli as An Example—Challenges and Perspectives
- Author
-
Sara Perestrelo, Ana Amaro, Michael S. M. Brouwer, Lurdes Clemente, Ana Sofia Ribeiro Duarte, Annemarie Kaesbohrer, Renata Karpíšková, Vicente Lopez-Chavarrias, Dearbháile Morris, Deirdre Prendergast, Angela Pista, Leonor Silveira, Magdalena Skarżyńska, Rosemarie Slowey, Kees T. Veldman, Magdalena Zając, Catherine Burgess, and Julio Alvarez more...
- Subjects
Escherichia coli ,extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) ,AmpC beta-lactamase (AmpC) ,One Health ,monitoring ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top public health threats nowadays. Among the most important AMR pathogens, Escherichia coli resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESC-EC) is a perfect example of the One Health problem due to its global distribution in animal, human, and environmental sources and its resistant phenotype, derived from the carriage of plasmid-borne extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases, which limits the choice of effective antimicrobial therapies. The epidemiology of ESC-EC infection is complex as a result of the multiple possible sources involved in its transmission, and its study would require databases ideally comprising information from animal (livestock, companion, wildlife), human, and environmental sources. Here, we present the steps taken to assemble a database with phenotypic and genetic information on 10,763 ESC-EC isolates retrieved from multiple sources provided by 13 partners located in eight European countries, in the frame of the DiSCoVeR Joint Research project funded by the One Health European Joint Programme (OH-EJP), along with its strengths and limitations. This database represents a first step to help in the assessment of different geographical and temporal trends and transmission dynamics in animals and humans. The work performed highlights aspects that should be considered in future international efforts, such as the one presented here. more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A Case of Persistent Diarrhea in a Man with the Molecular Detection of Various Campylobacter species and the First Isolation of candidatus Campylobacter infans
- Author
-
Jacky Flipse, Birgitta Duim, Janny A. Wallinga, Laetitia R. H. de Wijkerslooth, Linda van der Graaf-van Bloois, Arjen J. Timmerman, Aldert L. Zomer, Kees T. Veldman, Jaap A. Wagenaar, and Peter Bloembergen more...
- Subjects
Campylobacter spp. ,non-jejuni/coli infection ,culture versus PCR ,Medicine - Abstract
A man with a well-controlled HIV infection, previously diagnosed with lymphogranuloma venereum and treated for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, was suffering from chronic diarrhea. He travelled to Indonesia in the month prior to the start of complaints. Over a 15-month period, sequences related to Campylobactertroglodytis/upsaliensis, C. pinnepediorum/mucosalis/concisus and C. hominis were detected by 16S rRNA qPCR-based assays in various stool samples and in a colon biopsy. Culture revealed the first isolation of “candidatus Campylobacter infans”, a species identified recently by molecular methods only. The patient was treated with azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. To identify potential continuous exposure of the patient to Campylobacter, stool samples of the partner and the cat of the patient were analyzed and C. pinnepediorum/mucosalis/concisus and C. helveticus, respectively, were detected. The diversity in detected species in this immunocompromised patient with a lack of repeatedly consistent findings resulted in the conclusion that not any of the Campylobacter species was the primary cause of the clinical condition. This study shows the challenges in detection and interpretation of diagnostic results regarding Campylobacter. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Diversity of Plasmids and Genes Encoding Resistance to Extended Spectrum Cephalosporins in Commensal Escherichia coli From Dutch Livestock in 2007–2017
- Author
-
Daniela Ceccarelli, Arie Kant, Alieda van Essen-Zandbergen, Cindy Dierikx, Joost Hordijk, Ben Wit, Dik J. Mevius, and Kees T. Veldman
- Subjects
ESBL ,pAmpC ,Escherichia coli ,plasmid ,livestock ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) genes confer resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporin’s. The spread of these genes is mostly facilitated by plasmid-mediated horizontal transfer. National surveillance activities to detect ESBL/pAmpC-producers in commensal bacteria from livestock are in place in the Netherlands since several years. This study aimed at reporting gene and plasmid diversity of commensal ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy animals during surveillance activities between 2007 and 2017. A collection of 2304 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) E. coli isolated from feces of broilers, dairy cattle, slaughter pigs, turkeys, ducks, and veal calves was investigated and ESBL/pAmpC genes were determined. Gene location of a selection of 473 E. coli isolates was determined and typing of plasmids linked to the ESBL/pAmpC genes was performed. Twenty-two different ESBL/pAmpC genes were identified with blaCTX-M-1 being the most prevalent gene in livestock (43.7%), followed by blaCMY -2 and blaSHV -12, independent of the animal source. Prevalence of typically human associated blaCTX-M-15 was highest in cattle. Less than 10% E. coli isolates owed their ESC-R phenotype to promoter mutations of the chromosomal ampC gene. Majority (92%) of ESBL/pAmpC genes analyzed were plasmid located, with IncI1α being the most represented plasmid family in isolates from all animals, followed by IncF (veal calves, dairy cattle and slaughter pigs), IncK (broilers and laying hens), IncX1 in broilers, and emerging IncX3 in broilers and dairy cattle. Prevalence and molecular diversity of ESC-R E. coli isolated from livestock over an 11-year period revealed a composite scenario of gene-plasmid combinations. more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. En Route towards European Clinical Breakpoints for Veterinary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: A Position Paper Explaining the VetCAST Approach
- Author
-
Pierre-Louis Toutain, Alain Bousquet-Mélou, Peter Damborg, Aude A. Ferran, Dik Mevius, Ludovic Pelligand, Kees T. Veldman, and Peter Lees
- Subjects
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ,VetCAST ,breakpoints ,veterinary ,antimicrobials ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
VetCAST is the EUCAST sub-committee for Veterinary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Its remit is to define clinical breakpoints (CBPs) for antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) used in veterinary medicine in Europe. This position paper outlines the procedures and reviews scientific options to solve challenges for the determination of specific CBPs for animal species, drug substances and disease conditions. VetCAST will adopt EUCAST approaches: the initial step will be data assessment; then procedures for decisions on the CBP; and finally the release of recommendations for CBP implementation. The principal challenges anticipated by VetCAST are those associated with the differing modalities of AMD administration, including mass medication, specific long-acting product formulations or local administration. Specific challenges comprise mastitis treatment in dairy cattle, the range of species and within species breed considerations and several other variable factors not relevant to human medicine. Each CBP will be based on consideration of: (i) an epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF) – the highest MIC that defines the upper end of the wild-type MIC distribution; (ii) a PK/PD breakpoint obtained from pre-clinical pharmacokinetic data [this PK/PD break-point is the highest possible MIC for which a given percentage of animals in the target population achieves a critical value for the selected PK/PD index (fAUC/MIC or fT > MIC)] and (iii) when possible, a clinical cut-off, that is the relationship between MIC and clinical cure. For the latter, VetCAST acknowledges the paucity of such data in veterinary medicine. When a CBP cannot be established, VetCAST will recommend use of ECOFF as surrogate. For decision steps, VetCAST will follow EUCAST procedures involving transparency, consensus and independence. VetCAST will ensure freely available dissemination of information, concerning standards, guidelines, ECOFF, PK/PD breakpoints, CBPs and other relevant information for AST implementation. Finally, after establishing a CBP, VetCAST will promulgate expert comments and/or recommendations associated with CBPs to facilitate their sound implementation in a clinical setting. more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Campylobacter in Broiler Chicken and Broiler Meat in Sri Lanka: Influence of Semi-Automated vs. Wet Market Processing on Campylobacter Contamination of Broiler Neck Skin Samples
- Author
-
Kottawattage S. A. Kottawatta, Marcel A. P. Van Bergen, Preeni Abeynayake, Jaap A. Wagenaar, Kees T. Veldman, and Ruwani S. Kalupahana
- Subjects
campylobacter ,broiler chicken ,poultry processing ,Sri Lanka ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Broiler meat can become contaminated with Campylobacter of intestinal origin during processing. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler flocks and meat contamination at retail shops, and determine the influence of semi-automated and wet market processing on Campylobacter contamination of neck skin samples. Samples were collected from semi-automated plants (n = 102) and wet markets (n = 25). From each batch of broilers, pooled caecal samples and neck skin samples were tested for Campylobacter. Broiler meat purchased from retail outlets (n = 37) was also tested. The prevalence of Campylobacter colonized broiler flocks was 67%. The contamination of meat at retail was 59%. Both semi-automated and wet market processing resulted to contaminate the broiler neck skins to the levels of 27.4% and 48%, respectively. When Campylobacter-free broiler flocks were processed in semi-automated facilities 15% (5/33) of neck skin samples became contaminated by the end of processing whereas 25% (2/8) became contaminated after wet market processing. Characterization of isolates revealed a higher proportion of C. coli compared to C. jejuni. Higher proportions of isolates were resistant to important antimicrobials. This study shows the importance of Campylobacter in poultry industry in Sri Lanka and the need for controlling antimicrobial resistance. more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Implementation of WGS analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli within EU AMR monitoring in livestock and meat
- Author
-
Michael S M Brouwer, Alieda Zandbergen Van Essen, Arie Kant, Michel Rapallini, Frank Harders, Alex Bossers, Bart Wullings, Ben Wit, and Kees T Veldman
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,Life Science ,Pharmacology (medical) - Abstract
Background As WGS comes of age, changes in EU legislation implemented in 2021 allow its usage for systematic monitoring of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from livestock and meat, replacing phenotypic testing. Presently, phenotypic testing correlates well with antimicrobial resistance predicted from WGS data. WGS has added value in the wealth of additional information that is present in the data. Objectives In this study we have detected the resistance phenotypes for a panel of antimicrobials while also analysing the molecular epidemiology of ESBL-producing E. coli. Methods Susceptibility testing was performed with broth microdilution of selectively isolated E. coli. Short-read WGS was performed in parallel and phenotypes predicted based on the sequence data, which was also used to determine the phylogeny of the isolates. Results The phenotypically determined resistance and the predicted resistance correlated 90%–100% for the different antimicrobial classes. Furthermore, clonal relationships were detected amongst ESBL-producing E. coli within livestock sectors and the meat produced by this sector. Conclusions Further implementation of WGS analysis of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli within the AMR monitoring programme of EU member states and global surveillance programmes will contribute to determining the attribution of livestock in the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-encoding E. coli in humans. more...
- Published
- 2023
16. Enterobacter cloacae Complex Isolated from Shrimps from Vietnam Carrying
- Author
-
Michael S M, Brouwer, Michel, Rapallini, Yvon, Geurts, Frank, Harders, Alex, Bossers, Dik J, Mevius, Ben, Wit, and Kees T, Veldman
- Subjects
Fisheries ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,beta-Lactamases ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Cephalosporins ,Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ,Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae ,Bacterial Proteins ,Carbapenems ,Penaeidae ,Vietnam ,Enterobacter cloacae ,Animals ,Letter to the Editor ,Shellfish - Published
- 2018
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.