Search

To assess the effectiveness of exercise-based injury-prevention programs in preventing sports injuries in team handball players. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL from inception until April 2023. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, contained a population of competitive team handball players, included an intervention designed specifically to prevent or reduce the risk of team handball injuries, and reported injury incidence rates specific to team handball players. Two researchers independently evaluated studies for inclusion and assessed their methodological quality. Study design, intervention details, participant characteristics, and the number of injuries in each group were extracted from each study by 2 independent researchers. The outcome of interest was the incidence rate of injury. Injury data were classified into 5 groups: shoulder injuries, lower extremity injuries, knee injuries, anterior cruciate ligament injuries, and ankle injuries. Extracted data were analyzed using a random-effects model to compute the overall effect estimates of injury-prevention programs in reducing the risk of injuries. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated based on the number of injuries in each group. Meta-analyses were conducted independently for each injury classification. Results indicated that prevention programs reduced the risk of shoulder injuries (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.42, 0.85; P =.004), lower extremity injuries (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.37, 0.95; P =.03), knee injuries (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.35, 0.78; P =.002), anterior cruciate ligament injuries (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.45, 0.96; P =.03), and ankle injuries (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.40, 0.81; P =.002) in team handball players. In team handball players, injury-prevention programs appear to effectively reduce the risk of shoulder, lower extremity, knee, ankle, and anterior cruciate ligament injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aggressive behaviors have increasing trend in children and adolescents all over the world. This study aimed to perform a systematic review on the association between screen time activities and aggressive behaviors. Methods: A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), and Scopus, until 2017. Moreover, related unpublished studies (grey literature, thesis project and congress paper), considered for further data availability. Data extraction and quality assessment conducted by two independent experts. Results: Through searching processes, 4381 publications were found, from them. 483 papers were from PubMed database and others were from ISI/WOS (1724) and Scopus (1938). Following the excluding of non-relevant and duplicated studies, 19 studies remained for further analyzing. Findings of the present study showed that children and adolescents who share most of their time for watching of television are at greater risk for violent behaviors including physical fighting, victim and bully. Conclusion: This review found that children and adolescents who share most of their time for watching of television are at greater risk for violent behaviors including physical fight, victim and bully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this systematic review, the association between prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and neonatal thyroid hormone levels was studied. A systematic search of scientific literature was performed from the PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI web of science electronic bibliographic databases. The search strategy for the review was [(organochlorine OR "organochlorine pesticides" OR "organochlorine pollutants" OR "organochlorine pollutant") AND ("thyroid hormone" OR triiodothyronine OR Thyroxine OR "fetal thyroid function" OR "thyroid function" OR "Thyroid Stimulating Hormone" AND "prenatal" AND "maternal exposure")] in English sources. In this review, 305 papers (PubMed: 30; Scopus: 29; ISI: 246) were identified through an electronic database search. Twenty-seven articles were assessed for eligibility, from which 16 qualified articles were selected for the final evaluation. The most common OCP metabolites which were evaluated in order were hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (13 studies), pp-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (pp-DDE) (13 studies), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (10 studies) and dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane (DDT) (eight studies). A review of the documents related to the association of prenatal exposure of OCPs with fetal or neonatal thyroid function tests provides us with heterogeneous data in this field. Factors such as differences in the studied populations and their area, ethnic and genetic background, time and rate of exposure, possible interaction of other thyroid-disrupting environmental factors and dietary intake of micronutrients such as iodine and/or selenium are considered the main limitations for making an accurate conclusion. For some OCPs including DDT, DDE, HCH and HCB, there are supporting evidences, and it is suggested that their exposure could potentially alter the fetal thyroid function and consequently impair the neurodevelopment process of the infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetraethyl 1,3-phenylenebis(phosphoramidate) was synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, IR and mass spectroscopies. The asymmetric unit is composed of two half-molecules, each residing on a twofold axis, and two complete molecules, thus leading to a Z' = (2 + 0.5 + 0.5) = 3 structure. The most plausible explanation for the occurrence of multiple independent molecules is a frustration between relatively strong hydrogen bond interactions and weaker CH···p interactions. In each of the molecules, the P atoms are in a similar distorted tetrahedral environment. The N atoms bonded to P atoms have mainly sp2 character tending towards a planar environment. In the crystal structure, the phosphoryl O atoms are involved in classical N-H···O=P and weaker C-H···O=P hydrogen bonds as (N-H)(C-H) ···O=P, acting as a double hydrogen-bond acceptor. These hydrogen bonds along with other C-H···O hydrogen bonds and C-H···p interactions create a 3D crystalline network. Hirshfeld surfaces and two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plots are calculated for analyzing intermolecular interactions in each of the independent molecules of the title compound. For all four independent molecules, the contribution of H···H contacts to the total interactions is decisive, being larger than 60% for each molecule. The O···H/H···O contacts are the characteristic intermolecular contacts in the corresponding molecules. Furthermore, the C···H/H···C, including the C-H···p interactions, and N···H/H···N contacts cover other intermolecular contacts in the crystal lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is a common worldwide problem. Some previous studies have shown that both Zinc (Zn) and VitD deficiency are prevalent in Iran. This study aimed to assess the relationship of serum Zn and vitamin D levels in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: This case-control study was conducted as a sub-study of a school-based surveillance program entitled "the CASPIAN-III Study". An equal number of individuals with and without hypovitaminosis D including 330 participants aged 10 to 18 years were selected. The correlation of serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH) D), cardiometabolic factors and Zn concentrations was determined. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation, linear regression, and logistic regression. Results: The mean age was not significantly different in participants with and without hypovitaminosis D (14.74±2.52 vs. 14.74±2.66 years, respectively, p>0.05). The mean 25(OH) D level was 6.34±1.47ng/ml in the group with hypovitaminosis D and 39.27±6.42ng/ml in controls. The mean Zn level was significantly lower in the hypovitaminosis D group than in controls (1.15±0.26 vs. 1.43±0.32µg/ml, respectively, p<0.001). The Pearson's analysis showed a positive and significant correlation between Zn and 25(OH) D serum levels (p<0.0001). Odds ratios analysis for VitD level between various quartiles of serum zinc concentration for all participants showed that the odds of higher levels of VitD increased by higher levels of Zn. Conclusion: We found significant associations between low serum concentrations of zinc and 25(OH) D. Food fortification or mineral supplementation should be considered in future health programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Different viewpoints exist about lipid screening in all children or only in children with positive family history (FH) of premature cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or hypercholesterolemia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the effectiveness of lipid screening in children and adolescents according to the existence of positive FH of CVD risk factors. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar were searched to identify relevant papers that were published from November 1980 until 30 November 2013. Irrelevant studies were set aside after studying their title, abstract, and full text. Then, the relevant studies were assessed by using a quality appraisal checklist. We used random effect model for meta-analysis and calculating the total estimation of sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive value (PPV) of FH in predicting dyslipidemia among children and adolescents. Results: Overall, 17,214 studies were identified in the primary search, out of which 19 primary studies were qualified for study entry. The sensitivity of positive FH of premature CVD or dyslipidemia for predicting dyslipidemia among children varied between 15 and 93. Moreover, the effectiveness of screening children for dyslipidemia according to premature CVD or dyslipidemia in their relatives was low in 86.9% of the primary studies. The total estimation of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value was 42.6, 59, and 20.7, respectively, according to the meta-analysis results. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicated that selecting target population for screening children and adolescents for dyslipidemia according to their FH has low sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]