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Aim: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent despite its toxicadverse effects, including hepatotoxicity. Ellagic acid (EA) is an antioxidant agent and exhibitsfree radical scavenging activities. In this experimental study, the effects of EA on CP-inducedliver injury were investigated.Material and Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats (180-220 gr) were separated intofour equal groups. A single dose of 150 mg/kg CP was given intraperitoneally to generatehepatotoxicity. Different doses (50 and 75 mg/kg) of EA were administered orally 20 minutesbefore, 4 and 8 hours after CP administration. The histopathological evaluation of kidneytissues and immunohistochemical evaluation for caspase-3 were conducted as well as theserum biochemical analyses.Results: CP treated group exhibited a significant increase in serum hepatic enzymes, aspartateaminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), compared to the control group.Similarly, the total triglycerides (TG) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)levels increased significantly. Additionally, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)levels decreased, which was not significant, compared to the control group. At both EA doses,VLDL-C, AST, ALT levels decreased significantly while HDL-C level revealed a significantincrease. 75 mg/kg EA treatment caused a non-significant elevation in total cholesterol (TC)concentration. Microscopic analysis showed a significant congestion, edema, degeneration andnecrosis in the livers of CP administered group. However, edema, degeneration, and necrosiswere significantly reduced in animals treated with EA-75. In addition, caspase-3 expressionsignificantly decreased in EA-75 group.Conclusion: These results indicate the protective effects of EA in CP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae), which contains caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, alpha tocopherol, and eugenol, on hormonal regulation of energy metabolism in rats. Obesity is a risk factor for various diseases such as hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, and fatty degeneration in the liver. Furthermore, it has been aimed to inquire the effect of the Mentha spicata L. whether it is effective as a liver protective factor in rats fed on high fat diet. In this study, 70 Wistar-Albino male rats aged 2-3 months were used. The animals were allocated into 7 groups (10 rats in each group): 1 control group and 6 experimental groups, including negative control; carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); high-fat diet, positive (HFD); M. spicata petroleum ether extract (PE); M. spicata ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract; and M. spicata methanol (MeOH) extract. All experimental groups were given dietary fat and M. spicata extracts, excluding the control group. The group C rats were fed the standard rat diet; group CMC high-fat diet (40% beef tallow + 1% cholesterol) + 1 mL 0.5% CMC; group I-IFD high-fat diet; and groups PE, EtOAc, and MeOH petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of M. spicata, respectively, via gastric gavage for 60 days. The plasma concentrations of hormones [leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, insulin, and thyroid hormones (T-4, FT4, T-3, and FT3)], glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, and lipid profiles (cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) were monitored. The histopathologic examination revealed fatty degeneration in the liver tissue and perivascular accumulation of inflammatory cells in the experimental groups. The PE extract obtained from M. spicata was effective in maintaining the body weight and protecting against liver degeneration. Further studies are required to verify this.

Non-neoplastic epithelial and stromal changes might be prognostic in early phase of premalignant neoplastic developments of urinary bladder. In this regard, diagnosis and histological classification of these lesions give valuable knowledge for prevention and treatment in both human and veterinary medicine. In Turkey, bovine urinary bladder lesions have been encountered in great ratio even though the small numbers of cases have been observed in other animals. According to our great experiences and field-studies for years concentrating on the topic, inflammatory and neoplastic of pathologies in urinary bladders might be easily developed after long term Bracken fern-consuming cattle. In current study, non-neoplastic cases including mainly epithelial, stromal, vascular, and inflammatory characteristic lesions were identified and described separately. Degenerative, desquamative, cystic, hyperplastic, and metaplastic lesions were found prominently in urinary bladder epithelium. Consecutive lesions comprised stromal changes and vascular lesions characterized with circulatory problems. Accompanying those, remarkable mononuclear cell infiltrations were found in a lot of cases. In conclusion, such kind of non-neoplastic lesions at least should be considered as important as neoplastic lesions because the lesions can have a risk in course of premalignant neoplastic transformation. Non-neoplastik epitelyal ve stromal değişiklikler, idrar kesesinin premalign neoplastik gelişimlerinin erken evresinde prognostik olabilir. Bu lezyonların tanısı ve histolojik sınıflandırması, hem insan hem de veteriner hekimlikte önleme ve tedavi için değerli bilgiler vermektedir. Türkiye’de, diğer hayvanlarda az sayıda olgu görülmesine rağmen sığır idrar kesesi lezyonlarına yüksek oranlarda rastlanmaktadır. Yıllara dayalı yeterli deneyimlerimiz ve saha çalışmalarımıza göre, uzun vadede eğrelti otu tüketen büyükbaş hayvanların idrar keselerinde yangısal ve neoplastik patolojiler kolaylıkla gelişebilir. Bu çalışmada, başlıca epitelyal, stromal, damarsal ve yangısal karakterli lezyonları içeren non-neoplastik olgular tanımlanmış ve ayrı ayrı açıklanmıştır. İdrar kesesi epitelinde dejeneratif, deskuamatif, kistik, hiperplastik ve metaplastik lezyonlar belirgin olarak bulundu. Ardışık lezyonlar stromal değişiklikler ve dolaşım problemleri ile karakterize damarsal lezyonları da içeriyordu. Bunlara eşlik eden, dikkate değer mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonları çok sayıda vakada bulundu. Sonuç olarak, bu tür non-neoplastik lezyonların en azından neoplastik lezyonlar kadar önemli olduğu düşünülmelidir, çünkü lezyonlar premalign neoplastik transformasyon sırasında bir risk oluşturabilir.

Eucalyptus species has been used for treating several diseases such as sinusitis, bronchitis, toothache, kidney disorders and rheumatism in worldwide traditional medicine. In Turkey, E. globulus leaves are used to treat wounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the chemical composition of the essential oil from the fruits of E. globulus and its wound healing activity. Since wound repair is related to inflammatory associated conditions, the supposed anti-inflammatory activity of the oil was investigated. Essential oil from E. globulus, isolated by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Linear incision and circular excision wound models on rats were used for the wound healing activity of the oil, and acetic acid induced increases in capillary permeability model in mice was used for the anti-inflammatory activity. Analysis of the essential oil showed that the main components were eucalyptol, alpha-phellandrene, beta-phellandrene, cymene, 4-terpineol, alpha-pinene, alpha-thujone, alpha-terpinene and gamma-terpinene. The essential oil comprises 53.67 % eucalyptol. It exhibited significant wound healing activity in the models studied, and the oil revealed a significant inhibitory effect on inflammation. These findings add significant information to the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of E. globulus, therefore justifying and supporting the use of this plant in traditional folk medicine.

This study evaluates wound healing activities of n-hexane and acetone extracts, as well as the essential oils obtained from the berries and leaves of Myrtus communis L., (Myrtaceae), using excision and incision wound models. Ulcerations of the skin tissues, re-epithelization, fibroblast proliferation, mono/polymorphonuclear cells, vascularization and collagen increase were qualitatively evaluated by the histopathological analysis. An acute anti-inflammatory activity method based on the inhibition of the increase in vascular permeability was used to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts and essential oils. Oils' yields and chemical profiles were also determined. Volatile oil, obtained from M. communis berries, provided a contraction rate of 60.08% in the circular excision wound model and a tensile strength ratio of 39.1% in the linear incision wound model. The n-hexane extract of M. communis berries was found to possess significant activity in the circular excision wound model with a ratio of 49.2%. However, it did not provide a significant increase in wound tensile strength. Berries' essential oils provided significant inhibition (28.5%). Particularly the essential oil of M. communis berries and its extracts can be used wound healing and anti-inflammatory purposes.

WOS: 000378899400007, This study aimed to determine the prevalence of clinical coccidiosis and to estimate the costs of disease control and treatment in broiler production. The study was performed with randomly selected poultry farms in Aksehir district of Konya Province. Each farm was visited for once at the day of 21 and over of the production period. Necropsy samples (5/10000) were collected from each farm for parasitological and histopathological examinations. The prevalence of clinical coccidiosis was found as 7.72%. A significant relationship was determined between the prevalence of clinical coccidiosis and age groups (P