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1. Supplementary Table S1 from Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes

Author

Chris Jones, David T.W. Jones, Thomas S. Jacques, David W. Ellison, Sergey Popov, David Capper, Maria Vinci, Andrea Carai, Angela Mastronuzzi, Suzanne J. Baker, Felix Sahm, Stefan M. Pfister, Christof M. Kramm, Andreas von Deimling, Lynley V. Marshall, Fernando Carceller, Darren R. Hargrave, Kristian Aquilina, Matthias A. Karajannis, David S. Ziegler, Mark J. Cowley, Maria Tsoli, Stephen P. Lowis, Timothy E.G. Hassall, Andrew S. Moore, Simon Bailey, Francesca Diomedi-Camassei, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Evelina Miele, Clare Mitchell, Tabitha Bloom, Olaf Witt, Marc Zuckermann, Dominik Sturm, Barbara C. Worst, Lotte Hiddingh, Andrey Korshunov, Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Felipe Andreiuolo, Torsten Pietsch, Simone Hettmer, Kornelius Kerl, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Martin Ebinger, Martin U. Schuhmann, Jens Schittenhelm, Michael Karremann, Michael Capra, Jane B. Cryan, Michael Farrell, Petter Brandal, Thale Kristin Olsen, David A. Solomon, Monika Ashok Davare, Lissa Baird, Matthew D. Wood, Barbara Faganel Kotnik, Mara Popović, Shani Caspi, Ho-Keung Ng, Roger Packer, Irene Slavc, Christine Haberler, Matthias Preusser, Tobey J. Macdonald, Paula Z. Proszek, Debbie Hughes, Marc K. Rosenblum, Stephen W. Gilheeney, Ira J. Dunkel, Martin Sill, Simon P. Robinson, Jessica K.R. Boult, Rachael Natrajan, Claire Cairns, Bassel Zebian, Christopher Chandler, Safa Al-Sarraj, Lawrence J. Doey, Andrew J. Martin, Leslie Bridges, Matija Snuderl, David E. Kram, Uwe Kordes, Ulrich Schüller, Jeffrey Knipstein, Stephen Crosier, Mellissa Maybury, Catherine Rowe, Kathreena M. Kurian, Michael Hubank, Ji Wen, Wilda Orisme, James D. Dalton, Kelly Haupfear, Mark Kristiansen, Jane Chalker, Aimee Avery, Amy R. Fairchild, Alex Virasami, Louise Howell, Anna Burford, Valeria Molinari, Diana M. Carvalho, Sara Temelso, Elisa Izquierdo, Iris Stoler, Tejus A. Bale, Scott Newman, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Jessica C. Pickles, Britta Ismer, Alan Mackay, and Matthew Clarke

Abstract

Supplementary Table S1

Published
2023

2. Supplementary Data from Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes

Author

Chris Jones, David T.W. Jones, Thomas S. Jacques, David W. Ellison, Sergey Popov, David Capper, Maria Vinci, Andrea Carai, Angela Mastronuzzi, Suzanne J. Baker, Felix Sahm, Stefan M. Pfister, Christof M. Kramm, Andreas von Deimling, Lynley V. Marshall, Fernando Carceller, Darren R. Hargrave, Kristian Aquilina, Matthias A. Karajannis, David S. Ziegler, Mark J. Cowley, Maria Tsoli, Stephen P. Lowis, Timothy E.G. Hassall, Andrew S. Moore, Simon Bailey, Francesca Diomedi-Camassei, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Evelina Miele, Clare Mitchell, Tabitha Bloom, Olaf Witt, Marc Zuckermann, Dominik Sturm, Barbara C. Worst, Lotte Hiddingh, Andrey Korshunov, Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Felipe Andreiuolo, Torsten Pietsch, Simone Hettmer, Kornelius Kerl, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Martin Ebinger, Martin U. Schuhmann, Jens Schittenhelm, Michael Karremann, Michael Capra, Jane B. Cryan, Michael Farrell, Petter Brandal, Thale Kristin Olsen, David A. Solomon, Monika Ashok Davare, Lissa Baird, Matthew D. Wood, Barbara Faganel Kotnik, Mara Popović, Shani Caspi, Ho-Keung Ng, Roger Packer, Irene Slavc, Christine Haberler, Matthias Preusser, Tobey J. Macdonald, Paula Z. Proszek, Debbie Hughes, Marc K. Rosenblum, Stephen W. Gilheeney, Ira J. Dunkel, Martin Sill, Simon P. Robinson, Jessica K.R. Boult, Rachael Natrajan, Claire Cairns, Bassel Zebian, Christopher Chandler, Safa Al-Sarraj, Lawrence J. Doey, Andrew J. Martin, Leslie Bridges, Matija Snuderl, David E. Kram, Uwe Kordes, Ulrich Schüller, Jeffrey Knipstein, Stephen Crosier, Mellissa Maybury, Catherine Rowe, Kathreena M. Kurian, Michael Hubank, Ji Wen, Wilda Orisme, James D. Dalton, Kelly Haupfear, Mark Kristiansen, Jane Chalker, Aimee Avery, Amy R. Fairchild, Alex Virasami, Louise Howell, Anna Burford, Valeria Molinari, Diana M. Carvalho, Sara Temelso, Elisa Izquierdo, Iris Stoler, Tejus A. Bale, Scott Newman, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Jessica C. Pickles, Britta Ismer, Alan Mackay, and Matthew Clarke

Abstract

Supplementary Figures and Legends

Published
2023

3. Supplementary Table S5 from Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes

Author

Chris Jones, David T.W. Jones, Thomas S. Jacques, David W. Ellison, Sergey Popov, David Capper, Maria Vinci, Andrea Carai, Angela Mastronuzzi, Suzanne J. Baker, Felix Sahm, Stefan M. Pfister, Christof M. Kramm, Andreas von Deimling, Lynley V. Marshall, Fernando Carceller, Darren R. Hargrave, Kristian Aquilina, Matthias A. Karajannis, David S. Ziegler, Mark J. Cowley, Maria Tsoli, Stephen P. Lowis, Timothy E.G. Hassall, Andrew S. Moore, Simon Bailey, Francesca Diomedi-Camassei, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Evelina Miele, Clare Mitchell, Tabitha Bloom, Olaf Witt, Marc Zuckermann, Dominik Sturm, Barbara C. Worst, Lotte Hiddingh, Andrey Korshunov, Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Felipe Andreiuolo, Torsten Pietsch, Simone Hettmer, Kornelius Kerl, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Martin Ebinger, Martin U. Schuhmann, Jens Schittenhelm, Michael Karremann, Michael Capra, Jane B. Cryan, Michael Farrell, Petter Brandal, Thale Kristin Olsen, David A. Solomon, Monika Ashok Davare, Lissa Baird, Matthew D. Wood, Barbara Faganel Kotnik, Mara Popović, Shani Caspi, Ho-Keung Ng, Roger Packer, Irene Slavc, Christine Haberler, Matthias Preusser, Tobey J. Macdonald, Paula Z. Proszek, Debbie Hughes, Marc K. Rosenblum, Stephen W. Gilheeney, Ira J. Dunkel, Martin Sill, Simon P. Robinson, Jessica K.R. Boult, Rachael Natrajan, Claire Cairns, Bassel Zebian, Christopher Chandler, Safa Al-Sarraj, Lawrence J. Doey, Andrew J. Martin, Leslie Bridges, Matija Snuderl, David E. Kram, Uwe Kordes, Ulrich Schüller, Jeffrey Knipstein, Stephen Crosier, Mellissa Maybury, Catherine Rowe, Kathreena M. Kurian, Michael Hubank, Ji Wen, Wilda Orisme, James D. Dalton, Kelly Haupfear, Mark Kristiansen, Jane Chalker, Aimee Avery, Amy R. Fairchild, Alex Virasami, Louise Howell, Anna Burford, Valeria Molinari, Diana M. Carvalho, Sara Temelso, Elisa Izquierdo, Iris Stoler, Tejus A. Bale, Scott Newman, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Jessica C. Pickles, Britta Ismer, Alan Mackay, and Matthew Clarke

Abstract

Supplementary Table S5

Published
2023

4. Supplementary Table S2 from Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes

Author

Chris Jones, David T.W. Jones, Thomas S. Jacques, David W. Ellison, Sergey Popov, David Capper, Maria Vinci, Andrea Carai, Angela Mastronuzzi, Suzanne J. Baker, Felix Sahm, Stefan M. Pfister, Christof M. Kramm, Andreas von Deimling, Lynley V. Marshall, Fernando Carceller, Darren R. Hargrave, Kristian Aquilina, Matthias A. Karajannis, David S. Ziegler, Mark J. Cowley, Maria Tsoli, Stephen P. Lowis, Timothy E.G. Hassall, Andrew S. Moore, Simon Bailey, Francesca Diomedi-Camassei, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Evelina Miele, Clare Mitchell, Tabitha Bloom, Olaf Witt, Marc Zuckermann, Dominik Sturm, Barbara C. Worst, Lotte Hiddingh, Andrey Korshunov, Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Felipe Andreiuolo, Torsten Pietsch, Simone Hettmer, Kornelius Kerl, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Martin Ebinger, Martin U. Schuhmann, Jens Schittenhelm, Michael Karremann, Michael Capra, Jane B. Cryan, Michael Farrell, Petter Brandal, Thale Kristin Olsen, David A. Solomon, Monika Ashok Davare, Lissa Baird, Matthew D. Wood, Barbara Faganel Kotnik, Mara Popović, Shani Caspi, Ho-Keung Ng, Roger Packer, Irene Slavc, Christine Haberler, Matthias Preusser, Tobey J. Macdonald, Paula Z. Proszek, Debbie Hughes, Marc K. Rosenblum, Stephen W. Gilheeney, Ira J. Dunkel, Martin Sill, Simon P. Robinson, Jessica K.R. Boult, Rachael Natrajan, Claire Cairns, Bassel Zebian, Christopher Chandler, Safa Al-Sarraj, Lawrence J. Doey, Andrew J. Martin, Leslie Bridges, Matija Snuderl, David E. Kram, Uwe Kordes, Ulrich Schüller, Jeffrey Knipstein, Stephen Crosier, Mellissa Maybury, Catherine Rowe, Kathreena M. Kurian, Michael Hubank, Ji Wen, Wilda Orisme, James D. Dalton, Kelly Haupfear, Mark Kristiansen, Jane Chalker, Aimee Avery, Amy R. Fairchild, Alex Virasami, Louise Howell, Anna Burford, Valeria Molinari, Diana M. Carvalho, Sara Temelso, Elisa Izquierdo, Iris Stoler, Tejus A. Bale, Scott Newman, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Jessica C. Pickles, Britta Ismer, Alan Mackay, and Matthew Clarke

Abstract

Supplementary Table S2

Published
2023

5. Data from Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes

Author

Chris Jones, David T.W. Jones, Thomas S. Jacques, David W. Ellison, Sergey Popov, David Capper, Maria Vinci, Andrea Carai, Angela Mastronuzzi, Suzanne J. Baker, Felix Sahm, Stefan M. Pfister, Christof M. Kramm, Andreas von Deimling, Lynley V. Marshall, Fernando Carceller, Darren R. Hargrave, Kristian Aquilina, Matthias A. Karajannis, David S. Ziegler, Mark J. Cowley, Maria Tsoli, Stephen P. Lowis, Timothy E.G. Hassall, Andrew S. Moore, Simon Bailey, Francesca Diomedi-Camassei, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Evelina Miele, Clare Mitchell, Tabitha Bloom, Olaf Witt, Marc Zuckermann, Dominik Sturm, Barbara C. Worst, Lotte Hiddingh, Andrey Korshunov, Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Felipe Andreiuolo, Torsten Pietsch, Simone Hettmer, Kornelius Kerl, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Martin Ebinger, Martin U. Schuhmann, Jens Schittenhelm, Michael Karremann, Michael Capra, Jane B. Cryan, Michael Farrell, Petter Brandal, Thale Kristin Olsen, David A. Solomon, Monika Ashok Davare, Lissa Baird, Matthew D. Wood, Barbara Faganel Kotnik, Mara Popović, Shani Caspi, Ho-Keung Ng, Roger Packer, Irene Slavc, Christine Haberler, Matthias Preusser, Tobey J. Macdonald, Paula Z. Proszek, Debbie Hughes, Marc K. Rosenblum, Stephen W. Gilheeney, Ira J. Dunkel, Martin Sill, Simon P. Robinson, Jessica K.R. Boult, Rachael Natrajan, Claire Cairns, Bassel Zebian, Christopher Chandler, Safa Al-Sarraj, Lawrence J. Doey, Andrew J. Martin, Leslie Bridges, Matija Snuderl, David E. Kram, Uwe Kordes, Ulrich Schüller, Jeffrey Knipstein, Stephen Crosier, Mellissa Maybury, Catherine Rowe, Kathreena M. Kurian, Michael Hubank, Ji Wen, Wilda Orisme, James D. Dalton, Kelly Haupfear, Mark Kristiansen, Jane Chalker, Aimee Avery, Amy R. Fairchild, Alex Virasami, Louise Howell, Anna Burford, Valeria Molinari, Diana M. Carvalho, Sara Temelso, Elisa Izquierdo, Iris Stoler, Tejus A. Bale, Scott Newman, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Jessica C. Pickles, Britta Ismer, Alan Mackay, and Matthew Clarke

Abstract

Infant high-grade gliomas appear clinically distinct from their counterparts in older children, indicating that histopathologic grading may not accurately reflect the biology of these tumors. We have collected 241 cases under 4 years of age, and carried out histologic review, methylation profiling, and custom panel, genome, or exome sequencing. After excluding tumors representing other established entities or subgroups, we identified 130 cases to be part of an “intrinsic” spectrum of disease specific to the infant population. These included those with targetable MAPK alterations, and a large proportion of remaining cases harboring gene fusions targeting ALK (n = 31), NTRK1/2/3 (n = 21), ROS1 (n = 9), and MET (n = 4) as their driving alterations, with evidence of efficacy of targeted agents in the clinic. These data strongly support the concept that infant gliomas require a change in diagnostic practice and management.Significance:Infant high-grade gliomas in the cerebral hemispheres comprise novel subgroups, with a prevalence of ALK, NTRK1/2/3, ROS1, or MET gene fusions. Kinase fusion–positive tumors have better outcome and respond to targeted therapy clinically. Other subgroups have poor outcome, with fusion-negative cases possibly representing an epigenetically driven pluripotent stem cell phenotype.See related video: https://vimeo.com/438254885See related commentary by Szulzewsky and Cimino, p. 904.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 890

Published
2023

6. Supplementary Table S6 from Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes

Author

Chris Jones, David T.W. Jones, Thomas S. Jacques, David W. Ellison, Sergey Popov, David Capper, Maria Vinci, Andrea Carai, Angela Mastronuzzi, Suzanne J. Baker, Felix Sahm, Stefan M. Pfister, Christof M. Kramm, Andreas von Deimling, Lynley V. Marshall, Fernando Carceller, Darren R. Hargrave, Kristian Aquilina, Matthias A. Karajannis, David S. Ziegler, Mark J. Cowley, Maria Tsoli, Stephen P. Lowis, Timothy E.G. Hassall, Andrew S. Moore, Simon Bailey, Francesca Diomedi-Camassei, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Evelina Miele, Clare Mitchell, Tabitha Bloom, Olaf Witt, Marc Zuckermann, Dominik Sturm, Barbara C. Worst, Lotte Hiddingh, Andrey Korshunov, Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Felipe Andreiuolo, Torsten Pietsch, Simone Hettmer, Kornelius Kerl, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Martin Ebinger, Martin U. Schuhmann, Jens Schittenhelm, Michael Karremann, Michael Capra, Jane B. Cryan, Michael Farrell, Petter Brandal, Thale Kristin Olsen, David A. Solomon, Monika Ashok Davare, Lissa Baird, Matthew D. Wood, Barbara Faganel Kotnik, Mara Popović, Shani Caspi, Ho-Keung Ng, Roger Packer, Irene Slavc, Christine Haberler, Matthias Preusser, Tobey J. Macdonald, Paula Z. Proszek, Debbie Hughes, Marc K. Rosenblum, Stephen W. Gilheeney, Ira J. Dunkel, Martin Sill, Simon P. Robinson, Jessica K.R. Boult, Rachael Natrajan, Claire Cairns, Bassel Zebian, Christopher Chandler, Safa Al-Sarraj, Lawrence J. Doey, Andrew J. Martin, Leslie Bridges, Matija Snuderl, David E. Kram, Uwe Kordes, Ulrich Schüller, Jeffrey Knipstein, Stephen Crosier, Mellissa Maybury, Catherine Rowe, Kathreena M. Kurian, Michael Hubank, Ji Wen, Wilda Orisme, James D. Dalton, Kelly Haupfear, Mark Kristiansen, Jane Chalker, Aimee Avery, Amy R. Fairchild, Alex Virasami, Louise Howell, Anna Burford, Valeria Molinari, Diana M. Carvalho, Sara Temelso, Elisa Izquierdo, Iris Stoler, Tejus A. Bale, Scott Newman, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Jessica C. Pickles, Britta Ismer, Alan Mackay, and Matthew Clarke

Abstract

Supplementary Table S6

Published
2023

7. Supplementary Table S7 from Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes

Author

Chris Jones, David T.W. Jones, Thomas S. Jacques, David W. Ellison, Sergey Popov, David Capper, Maria Vinci, Andrea Carai, Angela Mastronuzzi, Suzanne J. Baker, Felix Sahm, Stefan M. Pfister, Christof M. Kramm, Andreas von Deimling, Lynley V. Marshall, Fernando Carceller, Darren R. Hargrave, Kristian Aquilina, Matthias A. Karajannis, David S. Ziegler, Mark J. Cowley, Maria Tsoli, Stephen P. Lowis, Timothy E.G. Hassall, Andrew S. Moore, Simon Bailey, Francesca Diomedi-Camassei, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Evelina Miele, Clare Mitchell, Tabitha Bloom, Olaf Witt, Marc Zuckermann, Dominik Sturm, Barbara C. Worst, Lotte Hiddingh, Andrey Korshunov, Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Felipe Andreiuolo, Torsten Pietsch, Simone Hettmer, Kornelius Kerl, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Martin Ebinger, Martin U. Schuhmann, Jens Schittenhelm, Michael Karremann, Michael Capra, Jane B. Cryan, Michael Farrell, Petter Brandal, Thale Kristin Olsen, David A. Solomon, Monika Ashok Davare, Lissa Baird, Matthew D. Wood, Barbara Faganel Kotnik, Mara Popović, Shani Caspi, Ho-Keung Ng, Roger Packer, Irene Slavc, Christine Haberler, Matthias Preusser, Tobey J. Macdonald, Paula Z. Proszek, Debbie Hughes, Marc K. Rosenblum, Stephen W. Gilheeney, Ira J. Dunkel, Martin Sill, Simon P. Robinson, Jessica K.R. Boult, Rachael Natrajan, Claire Cairns, Bassel Zebian, Christopher Chandler, Safa Al-Sarraj, Lawrence J. Doey, Andrew J. Martin, Leslie Bridges, Matija Snuderl, David E. Kram, Uwe Kordes, Ulrich Schüller, Jeffrey Knipstein, Stephen Crosier, Mellissa Maybury, Catherine Rowe, Kathreena M. Kurian, Michael Hubank, Ji Wen, Wilda Orisme, James D. Dalton, Kelly Haupfear, Mark Kristiansen, Jane Chalker, Aimee Avery, Amy R. Fairchild, Alex Virasami, Louise Howell, Anna Burford, Valeria Molinari, Diana M. Carvalho, Sara Temelso, Elisa Izquierdo, Iris Stoler, Tejus A. Bale, Scott Newman, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Jessica C. Pickles, Britta Ismer, Alan Mackay, and Matthew Clarke

Abstract

Supplementary Table S7

Published
2023

8. Supplementary Table S4 from Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes

Author

Chris Jones, David T.W. Jones, Thomas S. Jacques, David W. Ellison, Sergey Popov, David Capper, Maria Vinci, Andrea Carai, Angela Mastronuzzi, Suzanne J. Baker, Felix Sahm, Stefan M. Pfister, Christof M. Kramm, Andreas von Deimling, Lynley V. Marshall, Fernando Carceller, Darren R. Hargrave, Kristian Aquilina, Matthias A. Karajannis, David S. Ziegler, Mark J. Cowley, Maria Tsoli, Stephen P. Lowis, Timothy E.G. Hassall, Andrew S. Moore, Simon Bailey, Francesca Diomedi-Camassei, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Evelina Miele, Clare Mitchell, Tabitha Bloom, Olaf Witt, Marc Zuckermann, Dominik Sturm, Barbara C. Worst, Lotte Hiddingh, Andrey Korshunov, Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Felipe Andreiuolo, Torsten Pietsch, Simone Hettmer, Kornelius Kerl, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Martin Ebinger, Martin U. Schuhmann, Jens Schittenhelm, Michael Karremann, Michael Capra, Jane B. Cryan, Michael Farrell, Petter Brandal, Thale Kristin Olsen, David A. Solomon, Monika Ashok Davare, Lissa Baird, Matthew D. Wood, Barbara Faganel Kotnik, Mara Popović, Shani Caspi, Ho-Keung Ng, Roger Packer, Irene Slavc, Christine Haberler, Matthias Preusser, Tobey J. Macdonald, Paula Z. Proszek, Debbie Hughes, Marc K. Rosenblum, Stephen W. Gilheeney, Ira J. Dunkel, Martin Sill, Simon P. Robinson, Jessica K.R. Boult, Rachael Natrajan, Claire Cairns, Bassel Zebian, Christopher Chandler, Safa Al-Sarraj, Lawrence J. Doey, Andrew J. Martin, Leslie Bridges, Matija Snuderl, David E. Kram, Uwe Kordes, Ulrich Schüller, Jeffrey Knipstein, Stephen Crosier, Mellissa Maybury, Catherine Rowe, Kathreena M. Kurian, Michael Hubank, Ji Wen, Wilda Orisme, James D. Dalton, Kelly Haupfear, Mark Kristiansen, Jane Chalker, Aimee Avery, Amy R. Fairchild, Alex Virasami, Louise Howell, Anna Burford, Valeria Molinari, Diana M. Carvalho, Sara Temelso, Elisa Izquierdo, Iris Stoler, Tejus A. Bale, Scott Newman, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Jessica C. Pickles, Britta Ismer, Alan Mackay, and Matthew Clarke

Abstract

Supplementary Table S4

Published
2023

9. Supplementary Table S3 from Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes

Author

Chris Jones, David T.W. Jones, Thomas S. Jacques, David W. Ellison, Sergey Popov, David Capper, Maria Vinci, Andrea Carai, Angela Mastronuzzi, Suzanne J. Baker, Felix Sahm, Stefan M. Pfister, Christof M. Kramm, Andreas von Deimling, Lynley V. Marshall, Fernando Carceller, Darren R. Hargrave, Kristian Aquilina, Matthias A. Karajannis, David S. Ziegler, Mark J. Cowley, Maria Tsoli, Stephen P. Lowis, Timothy E.G. Hassall, Andrew S. Moore, Simon Bailey, Francesca Diomedi-Camassei, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Evelina Miele, Clare Mitchell, Tabitha Bloom, Olaf Witt, Marc Zuckermann, Dominik Sturm, Barbara C. Worst, Lotte Hiddingh, Andrey Korshunov, Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Felipe Andreiuolo, Torsten Pietsch, Simone Hettmer, Kornelius Kerl, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Martin Ebinger, Martin U. Schuhmann, Jens Schittenhelm, Michael Karremann, Michael Capra, Jane B. Cryan, Michael Farrell, Petter Brandal, Thale Kristin Olsen, David A. Solomon, Monika Ashok Davare, Lissa Baird, Matthew D. Wood, Barbara Faganel Kotnik, Mara Popović, Shani Caspi, Ho-Keung Ng, Roger Packer, Irene Slavc, Christine Haberler, Matthias Preusser, Tobey J. Macdonald, Paula Z. Proszek, Debbie Hughes, Marc K. Rosenblum, Stephen W. Gilheeney, Ira J. Dunkel, Martin Sill, Simon P. Robinson, Jessica K.R. Boult, Rachael Natrajan, Claire Cairns, Bassel Zebian, Christopher Chandler, Safa Al-Sarraj, Lawrence J. Doey, Andrew J. Martin, Leslie Bridges, Matija Snuderl, David E. Kram, Uwe Kordes, Ulrich Schüller, Jeffrey Knipstein, Stephen Crosier, Mellissa Maybury, Catherine Rowe, Kathreena M. Kurian, Michael Hubank, Ji Wen, Wilda Orisme, James D. Dalton, Kelly Haupfear, Mark Kristiansen, Jane Chalker, Aimee Avery, Amy R. Fairchild, Alex Virasami, Louise Howell, Anna Burford, Valeria Molinari, Diana M. Carvalho, Sara Temelso, Elisa Izquierdo, Iris Stoler, Tejus A. Bale, Scott Newman, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Jessica C. Pickles, Britta Ismer, Alan Mackay, and Matthew Clarke

Abstract

Supplementary Table S3

Published
2023

10. Infant High-Grade Gliomas Comprise Multiple Subgroups Characterized by Novel Targetable Gene Fusions and Favorable Outcomes

Author

Michael Karremann, Olaf Witt, Tabitha Bloom, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Felipe Andreiuolo, Michael Farrell, Scott Newman, Simone Hettmer, James Dalton, Leslie R. Bridges, Jens Schittenhelm, Martin Ebinger, Thomas S. Jacques, Francesca Diomedi-Camassei, Dominik Sturm, Jane Chalker, Matija Snuderl, David W. Ellison, Paula Proszek, Irene Slavc, Matthias A. Karajannis, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Louise Howell, Christine Haberler, Simon Bailey, Barbara C. Worst, David A. Solomon, Andrew J. Martin, Stefan M. Pfister, Maria Vinci, Ho Keung Ng, Kelly Haupfear, Mellissa Maybury, Stephen Gilheeney, Bassel Zebian, Martin Sill, David T.W. Jones, Pablo Hernáiz Driever, Martin U. Schuhmann, Angela Mastronuzzi, Jessica K.R. Boult, Matthew Clarke, Rachael Natrajan, Kornelius Kerl, Lawrence Doey, Alex Virasami, Andrey Korshunov, Christof M. Kramm, Jane Cryan, David E. Kram, Timothy E.G. Hassall, Debbie Hughes, Claire Mitchell, Chris Jones, Monika A. Davare, Evelina Miele, Safa Al-Sarraj, Sara Temelso, Catherine Rowe, Suzanne J. Baker, Sergey Popov, Torsten Pietsch, Matthew D. Wood, Roger J. Packer, Lynley V. Marshall, Michael Capra, Valeria Molinari, Diana Carvalho, Marc Zuckermann, Andreas von Deimling, Uwe Kordes, Kathreena M Kurian, Shani Caspi, Ira J. Dunkel, Wilda Orisme, Ulrich Schüller, Claire Cairns, Matthias Preusser, Kristian Aquilina, Petter Brandal, Stephen Lowis, Iris Stoler, Christopher Chandler, Lissa C. Baird, Marc K. Rosenblum, Ji Wen, Felix Sahm, Barbara Faganel Kotnik, Stephen Crosier, Mara Popović, Andrea Carai, Lotte Hiddingh, Thale Kristin Olsen, Fernando Carceller, Simon P. Robinson, Maria Tsoli, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Anna Burford, Mike Hubank, Elisa Izquierdo, Tejus Bale, David Capper, Andrew S. Moore, David S. Ziegler, Amy R Fairchild, Aimee Avery, Alan Mackay, Jessica C Pickles, Mark Kristiansen, Jeffrey Knipstein, Darren Hargrave, Mark J. Cowley, Tobey J. MacDonald, Britta Ismer, and Pathology

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Disease specific, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Genome, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Internal medicine, ROS1, medicine, Humans, education, Grading (tumors), Gene, Exome sequencing, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Infant, Glioma, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Prognosis, 030104 developmental biology, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Gene Fusion, Neoplasm Grading, business
Abstract

Infant high-grade gliomas appear clinically distinct from their counterparts in older children, indicating that histopathologic grading may not accurately reflect the biology of these tumors. We have collected 241 cases under 4 years of age, and carried out histologic review, methylation profiling, and custom panel, genome, or exome sequencing. After excluding tumors representing other established entities or subgroups, we identified 130 cases to be part of an “intrinsic” spectrum of disease specific to the infant population. These included those with targetable MAPK alterations, and a large proportion of remaining cases harboring gene fusions targeting ALK (n = 31), NTRK1/2/3 (n = 21), ROS1 (n = 9), and MET (n = 4) as their driving alterations, with evidence of efficacy of targeted agents in the clinic. These data strongly support the concept that infant gliomas require a change in diagnostic practice and management. Significance: Infant high-grade gliomas in the cerebral hemispheres comprise novel subgroups, with a prevalence of ALK, NTRK1/2/3, ROS1, or MET gene fusions. Kinase fusion–positive tumors have better outcome and respond to targeted therapy clinically. Other subgroups have poor outcome, with fusion-negative cases possibly representing an epigenetically driven pluripotent stem cell phenotype. See related video: https://vimeo.com/438254885 See related commentary by Szulzewsky and Cimino, p. 904. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 890

Published
2020

11. Molecular heterogeneity and CXorf67 alterations in posterior fossa group A (PFA) ependymomas

Author

Kelly Haupfear, Robert J. Ogg, Kristian W. Pajtler, David T.W. Jones, Lukas Chavez, Martin Sill, Hazel A. Rogers, Ji Wen, David W. Ellison, J. Paul Taylor, Ryan P. Lee, James Dalton, Noah D. Sabin, Timothy A Ritzmann, Stan Pounds, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Hendrik Witt, Sujuan Jia, Marcel Kool, Brian D. Freibaum, Bo Tang, Wilda Orisme, Gang Wu, Stephen C. Mack, Thomas E. Merchant, Tong Lin, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Andrey Korshunov, Jinghui Zhang, Richard Grundy, BaoHan T. Vo, Paul Klimo, Amar Gajjar, Martine F. Roussel, John Easton, Chandanamali Punchihewa, Rebecca Chapman, Michael D. Taylor, F.A. Boop, Stefan M. Pfister, Hong Joo Kim, Vijay Ramaswamy, and Jens-Martin Hübner

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Ependymoma, Mutant, Infratentorial Neoplasms, Biology, Histogenesis, Transfection, Article, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Histones, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, medicine, Humans, Missense mutation, Gene, Oncogene Proteins, Gene Expression Profiling, EZH2, HEK 293 cells, Wild type, DNA Methylation, medicine.disease, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, HEK293 Cells, 030104 developmental biology, Mutation, Cancer research, Female, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract

Of nine ependymoma molecular groups detected by DNA methylation profiling, the posterior fossa type A (PFA) is most prevalent. We used DNA methylation profiling to look for further molecular heterogeneity among 675 PFA ependymomas. Two major subgroups, PFA-1 and PFA-2, and nine minor subtypes were discovered. Transcriptome profiling suggested a distinct histogenesis for PFA-1 and PFA-2, but their clinical parameters were similar. In contrast, PFA subtypes differed with respect to age at diagnosis, gender ratio, outcome, and frequencies of genetic alterations. One subtype, PFA-1c, was enriched for 1q gain and had a relatively poor outcome, while patients with PFA-2c ependymomas showed an overall survival at 5 years of >90%. Unlike other ependymomas, PFA-2c tumors express high levels of OTX2, a potential biomarker for this ependymoma subtype with a good prognosis. We also discovered recurrent mutations among PFA ependymomas. H3 K27M mutations were present in 4.2%, occurring only in PFA-1 tumors, and missense mutations in an uncharacterized gene, CXorf67, were found in 9.4% of PFA ependymomas, but not in other groups. We detected high levels of wildtype or mutant CXorf67 expression in all PFA subtypes except PFA-1f, which is enriched for H3 K27M mutations. PFA ependymomas are characterized by lack of H3 K27 trimethylation (H3 K27-me3), and we tested the hypothesis that CXorf67 binds to PRC2 and can modulate levels of H3 K27-me3. Immunoprecipitation / mass spectrometry detected EZH2, SUZ12, and EED, core components of the PRC2 complex, bound to CXorf67 in the Daoy cell line, which shows high levels of CXorf67 and no expression of H3 K27-me3. Enforced reduction of CXorf67 in Daoy cells restored H3 K27-me3 levels, while enforced expression of CXorf67 in HEK293T and neural stem cells reduced H3 K27-me3 levels. Our data suggest that heterogeneity among PFA ependymomas could have clinicopathologic utility and that CXorf67 may have a functional role in these tumors.

Published
2018

12. Relative ADC and Location Differ between Posterior Fossa Pilocytic Astrocytomas with and without Gangliocytic Differentiation

Author

Julie H. Harreld, Scott N. Hwang, Kelly Haupfear, Yuxin Li, James Dalton, Xiaoyu Li, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Ruth G. Tatevossian, and D. Ellison

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Adolescent, Pilocytic Astrocytomas, Posterior fossa, Infratentorial Neoplasms, Neuroimaging, Astrocytoma, Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Ganglioglioma, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Child, neoplasms, Fisher's exact test, Pilocytic astrocytoma, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Hazard ratio, Infant, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, nervous system, Child, Preschool, symbols, Female, Histopathology, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pilocytic astrocytomas, the most common posterior fossa tumors in children, are characterized by KIAA1549-BRAF fusions and shows excellent 5-year survival rates. Pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation, a recently defined pilocytic astrocytoma variant that includes glial and neuronal elements similar to a ganglioglioma, may be distinguished from a classic ganglioglioma by molecular, radiologic, and histopathologic features. This study investigated whether imaging could distinguish posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma with and without gangliocytic differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative MRIs (± CTs) of 41 children (age range, 7 months to 15 years; mean age, 7.3 ± 3.7 years; 58.5% male) with pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation (n = 7) or pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 34) were evaluated; differences in tumor location, morphology, and minimum relative ADC between tumor types were compared (Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher exact test). Histopathology and BRAF fusion/mutation status were reviewed. Associations of progression-free survival with diagnosis, imaging features, and BRAF status were examined by Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation appeared similar to pilocytic astrocytoma but had lower minimum relative ADC (mean, 1.01 ± 0.17 compared with 2.01 ± 0.38 for pilocytic astrocytoma; P = .0005) and was more commonly located within midline structures (P = .0034). BRAF status was similar for both groups. Non-total resection (hazard ratio, 52.64; P = .0002), pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation diagnosis (hazard ratio, 4.66; P = .0104), and midline involvement (hazard ratio, 3.32; P = .0433) were associated with shorter progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Minimum relative ADC and tumor location may be useful adjuncts to histopathology in differentiating pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation from pilocytic astrocytoma. Shorter progression-free survival in pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation is likely due to a propensity for involvement of midline structures and poor resectability.

Published
2016

13. EPEN-07. OVEREXPRESSION AND MUTATIONS OF CXORF67 IN ‘INFANT-TYPE’ POSTERIOR FOSSA TYPE-A (PFA) EPENDYMOMAS

Author

Hong Joo Kim, Sujuan Jia, Kelly Haupfear, Junmin Peng, Anthony A. High, Wilda Orisme, John Easton, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Marcel Kool, David W. Ellison, Gang Wu, Stefan M. Pfister, J. Paul Taylor, Jinghui Zhang, Bo Tang, Ji Wen, Brian D. Freibaum, BaoHan T. Vo, Jens-Martin Hübner, Kristian W. Pajtler, and Martine F. Roussel

Subjects
Cancer Research, Abstracts, Oncology, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Posterior fossa, Neurology (clinical), Epigenetics, Biology, Genome, Molecular biology, Protein overexpression
Abstract

Ependymomas are classified into nine molecular groups by DNA methylation profiling. PFA tumors are most prevalent, present mainly in infants and have poor outcomes. Genomic studies have not identified a recurrent driver mutation in PFA ependymomas. However, PFA ependymomas are characterized by lack of H3 K27 trimethylation (H3K27-me3) and overexpression of CXorf67, a novel gene of unknown function. A review of PF ependymoma sequencing data revealed recurrent mutations in CXorf67. Subsequent analysis of a large series of ependymomas (n=263) showed that CXorf67 mutations occur in PFA ependymomas at a frequency of 9.4%, but not in non-PFA ependymomas. Targeted sequencing also revealed H3 K27M mutations in PFA ependymomas at a frequency of 3.9%. H3 and CXorf67 mutations were mutually exclusive. We used immunoprecipitation (IP) / mass spectrometry (MS) to study proteins bound to CXorf67 in the Daoy cell line, which overexpresses CXorf67. EZH2, SUZ12, and EED, core components of the PRC2 complex were identified among enriched peptides and validated through complementary SUZ12 IP/MS. We also showed that modulation of CXorf67 influences H3K27-me3 levels downstream of PRC2, suggesting a link between overexpression of CXorf67 and the altered global epigenetic state in PFA ependymomas through its interaction with PRC2. Enforced reduction of CXorf67 in Daoy cells restored H3K27-me3 levels, while enforced expression of CXorf67 in HEK293T and neural stem cells reduced H3K27-me3 levels. Our results suggest that CXorf67 overexpression may have an oncogenic role in PFA ependymomas, but the selective advantage of CXorf67 mutations is yet to be explained.

Published
2018

14. Abstract PR08: Overexpression and mutations of CXorf67 in 'infant-type' posterior fossa type-A ependymomas

Author

Kelly Haupfear, Hong Joo Kim, Junmin Peng, Anthony A. High, Ji Wen, Wilda Orisme, Sujuan Jia, Bo Tang, Kristian W. Pajtler, Jinghui Zhang, Brian D. Freibaum, Marcel Kool, Gang Wu, David W. Ellison, J. Paul Taylor, Jens-Martin Hübner, Stefan M. Pfister, Ruth G. Tatevossian, and John Easton

Subjects
Ependymoma, Cancer Research, H3 K27M Mutation, EZH2, Biology, medicine.disease, Pediatric cancer, Oncology, DNA methylation, medicine, Cancer research, Missense mutation, Epigenetics, Gene
Abstract

Our study aims to establish whether CXorf67 has a role in the pathogenesis of posterior fossa (PF) ependymoma. Among molecular groups of ependymoma defined by DNA methylation profiling, PF type-A (PFA) is the commonest. PFA ependymomas present mainly in infants and are difficult to treat, having a 10-year overall survival of approximately 40%. Published genomic studies have not identified a recurrent driver mutation in PFA ependymomas, but they do show widespread epigenetic alterations, including global loss of histone H3 K27-trimethlyation (H3K27-me3). Another childhood PF tumor, the diffuse pontine glioma (DPG), also shows loss of H3K27-me3. In DPGs, loss of H3K27-me3 is associated with H3 K27M mutation, but the mechanism in PFA ependymomas is not yet established. We reexamined published PF ependymoma sequencing data and discovered recurrent mutations in a novel gene, CXorf67. Targeted sequencing in a series of PFA ependymomas revealed CXorf67 mutations in 22/234 (9.4%). CXorf67 is a single-exon gene of unknown function. Its protein product is predicted to be “disordered,” apart from one region towards the N terminus. Mutations in PFA ependymomas are missense, and there is a mutation hotspot in the “ordered” region. CXorf67 mutations are not present in other molecular groups of ependymoma and are rare in other cancers. Analyzing the DNA methylation profiles of 675 PFA ependymomas, we have discovered two subgroups, PFA-1 and PFA-2, and nine subtypes among these two subgroups. All PFA subtypes harbor CXorf67 mutations with the exception of PFA-1f and PFA-2c. Targeted sequencing in our tumor series also revealed H3 K27M mutations in PFA ependymomas at a frequency of 3.9%. Two thirds of mutations in HIST1H3B, HIST1H3C, and H3F3A were found in PFA-1f ependymomas, among which H3 mutations were present at a frequency of 35%. Mutations in H3 genes and CXorf67 were mutually exclusive across our series of PFA ependymomas. We used Affymetrix u133v2 arrays to establish that CXorf67 is expressed at high levels in PFA ependymomas, in contrast to low levels in other ependymomas from the PF and supratentorial compartments. A mechanism for CXorf67 overexpression was revealed in a similar comparative analysis of CpG island methylation profiles, which showed that the promoter region of CXorf67 is hypomethylated in PFA tumors, but not in other ependymomas. Using immunohistochemical preparations, we detected expression of CXorf67 at the protein level in the nuclei of PFA ependymomas; PFB and supratentorial tumors were immunonegative. CXorf67 overexpression is found in all PFA molecular subtypes, except PFA-1f, which shows similar levels to those in supratentorial and PFB ependymomas. CXorf67 expression is unrelated to mutation status. Elevated CXorf67 expression is found in the Daoy and U2-OS cancer cell lines. We used immunoprecipitation (IP)/mass spectrometry (MS) to study proteins bound to CXorf67 in Daoy and U2-OS. Analysis of enriched peptides following immunoprecipitation of CXorf67 indicated that it binds EZH2, SUZ12, and EED, three core components of the PRC2 complex. Complementary immunoprecipitation of SUZ12 detected CXorf67. Detecting CXorf67 mutations in almost 10% of PFA ependymomas led to the discovery of overexpression related to promoter region hypomethylation in these tumors. Overexpression of CXorf67 was detected in all PFA ependymoma subtypes except PFA-1f, 35% of which harbor an H3 K27M mutation. The protein product of CXorf67 is found in tumor cell nuclei, where our IP/MS data suggest it is bound to PRC2. Our findings suggest that global loss of H3K27-me3 in PFA ependymomas could be related to overexpression of CXorf67 and its interaction with PRC2, except in tumors where alterations in histone H3 genes are responsible. However, the selective advantage of CXorf67 mutation is yet to be explained. Citation Format: Ji Wen, Jens-Martin Hübner, Wilda Orisme, Gang Wu, Bo Tang, Sujuan Jia, John Easton, Kelly Haupfear, Brian D. Freibaum, Hong Joo Kim, Anthony High, Junmin Peng, Ruth G. Tatevossian, J. Paul Taylor, Stefan M. Pfister, Jinghui Zhang, Kristian W. Pajtler, Marcel Kool, David W. Ellison. Overexpression and mutations of CXorf67 in “infant-type” posterior fossa type-A ependymomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; 2017 Dec 3-6; Atlanta, Georgia. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR08.

Published
2018

15. Genetic alterations in uncommon low-grade neuroepithelial tumors: BRAF, FGFR1, and MYB mutations occur at high frequency and align with morphology

Author

Ruth G. Tatevossian, Richard K. Wilson, James R. Downing, Michael Rusch, Ryan P. Lee, Shuoguo Wang, Heather L. Mulder, Kelly Haupfear, Bo Tang, Kathryn McFadden, Jinghui Zhang, Jared Becksfort, Ji Wen, Daniel J. Brat, Sonika Dahiya, Elaine R. Mardis, F.A. Boop, Paul Klimo, Amar Gajjar, David George, Chandanamali Punchihewa, Teresa Santiago, Arie Perry, John Easton, David W. Ellison, Wilda Orisme, William Konomos, Gang Wu, James Dalton, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Suzanne J. Baker, V. Peter Collins, Kirti Gupta, Ying Shao, Pankaj Gupta, Luciano Neder Serafini, Hilary Highfield Nickols, Sheila A. Shurtleff, Kristy Boggs, and Kathreena M Kurian

Subjects
Male, Pathology, Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Genes, myb, Glioneuronal, MYB, medicine.disease_cause, Ganglioglioma, 0302 clinical medicine, Oligodendroglial Tumor, Child, Cancer, Mutation, Pilocytic astrocytoma, Brain Neoplasms, Astrocytoma, RNA-Binding Proteins, Nuclear Proteins, Glioma, DNA-Binding Proteins, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Female, Receptor, Type 1, Biotechnology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, IDH1, Adolescent, Clinical Sciences, Biology, Article, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, BRAF, MORFOLOGIA (ANATOMIA), 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Young Adult, Rare Diseases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, medicine, Genetics, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1, Preschool, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Neurosciences, Infant, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Brain Disorders, Brain Cancer, FGFR1, Genes, Trans-Activators, Neurology (clinical), RNA-seq, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Low-grade neuroepithelial tumors (LGNTs) are diverse CNS tumors presenting in children and young adults, often with a history of epilepsy. While the genetic profiles of common LGNTs, such as the pilocytic astrocytoma and 'adult-type' diffuse gliomas, are largely established, those of uncommon LGNTs remain to be defined. In this study, we have used massively parallel sequencing and various targeted molecular genetic approaches to study alterations in 91 LGNTs, mostly from children but including young adult patients. These tumors comprise dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs; n=22), diffuse oligodendroglial tumors (d-OTs; n=20), diffuse astrocytomas (DAs; n=17), angiocentric gliomas (n=15), and gangliogliomas (n=17). Most LGNTs (84%) analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were characterized by a single driver genetic alteration. Alterations of FGFR1 occurred frequently in LGNTs composed of oligodendrocyte-like cells, being present in 82% of DNETs and 40% of d-OTs. In contrast, a MYB-QKI fusion characterized almost all angiocentric gliomas (87%), and MYB fusion genes were the most common genetic alteration in DAs (41%). A BRAF:p.V600E mutation was present in 35% of gangliogliomas and 18% of DAs. Pathogenic alterations in FGFR1/2/3, BRAF, or MYB/MYBL1 occurred in 78% of the series. Adult-type d-OTs with an IDH1/2 mutation occurred in four adolescents, the youngest aged 15years at biopsy. Despite a detailed analysis, novel genetic alterations were limited to two fusion genes, EWSR1-PATZ1 and SLMAP-NTRK2, both in gangliogliomas. Alterations in BRAF, FGFR1, or MYB account for most pathogenic alterations in LGNTs, including pilocytic astrocytomas, and alignment of these genetic alterations and cytologic features across LGNTs has diagnostic implications. Additionally, therapeutic options based upon targeting the effects of these alterations are already in clinical trials.

Published
2016

16. Influence of FcγRIIa-Expressing Cells on the Assessment of Neutralizing and Enhancing Serum Antibodies Elicited by a Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine

Author

Tatyana M. Timiryasova, Mark Boaz, William L. Warren, Kelly Haupfear, Ryan Broder, Anthony M. Byers, Nicholas Jackson, Janice M. Moser, Bruno Guy, and Branda Hu

Subjects
biology, business.industry, Dengue virus, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, dengue, Virology, Major Articles, Dengue fever, Infectious Diseases, Plaque reduction neutralization test, Oncology, antibody, vaccine, FcγR, Immunology, biology.protein, Vero cell, medicine, Antibody-dependent enhancement, Antibody, Neutralizing antibody, business, enhancement, Dengue vaccine
Abstract

In vitro neutralization assays utilizing FcγRIIa-expressing cells provide evidence that serotype-specific antibody enhancement may not be a primary factor in the serotype-specific efficacy differences exhibited in the CYD-TDV trials., Background. Recent trials of recombinant, live-attenuated chimeric yellow fever-dengue tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) demonstrated efficacy against symptomatic, virologically confirmed dengue disease with higher point estimates of efficacy toward dengue virus (DENV)3 and DENV4 and moderate levels toward DENV1 and DENV2. It is interesting to note that serotype-specific efficacy did not correlate with absolute neutralizing antibody (nAb) geometric mean titer (GMT) values measured in a Vero-based plaque reduction neutralization test assay. The absence of Fcγ receptors on Vero cells may explain this observation. Methods. We performed parallel seroneutralization assays in Vero cells and CV-1 cells that express FcγRIIa (CV-1-Fc) to determine the neutralizing and enhancing capacity of serotype-specific DENV Abs present in CYD-TDV clinical trial sera. Results. Enhancement of DENV infection was observed in CV-1-Fc cells in naturally exposed nonvaccine sera, mostly for DENV3 and DENV4, at high dilutions. The CYD-TDV-vaccinated sera showed similar enhancement patterns. The CV-1-Fc nAb GMT values were 2- to 9-fold lower than Vero for all serotypes in both naturally infected individuals and CYD-TDV-vaccinated subjects with and without previous dengue immunity. The relative (CV-1-Fc/Vero) GMT decrease for anti-DENV1 and anti-DENV2 responses was not greater than for the other serotypes. Conclusions. In vitro neutralization assays utilizing FcγRIIa-expressing cells provide evidence that serotype-specific Ab enhancement may not be a primary factor in the serotype-specific efficacy differences exhibited in the CYD-TDV trials.

Published
2015

17. LG-10GENETIC ALTERATIONS IN UNCOMMON LOW-GRADE NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMORS: BRAF, FGFR1, AND MYB MUTATIONS OCCUR AT HIGH FREQUENCY AND ALIGN WITH MORPHOLOGY

Author

Bo Tang, Chandanamali Punchihewa, James R. Downing, Teresa Santiago, Jinghui Zhang, Frederick A. Boop, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Ji Wen, Amar Gajjar, James Dalton, John Easton, Paul Klimo, Sheila A. Shurtleff, Wilda Orisme, Suzanne J. Baker, Gang Wu, Kelly Haupfear, and David W. Ellison

Subjects
Genetics, Abstracts, Cancer Research, Oncology, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, Neuroepithelial tumors, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Cancer research, Morphology (biology), MYB, Neurology (clinical), Biology
Published
2016

18. Evaluation of the human CD8 T cell response to exogenous antigen using MIMIC® technology (52.5)

Author

Anthony Byers, Kelly Haupfear, and Vaughan Wittman

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

Vaccines typically achieve immune protection by induction of humoral immunity. Recently, interest has increased in vaccines capable of eliciting both humoral and cellular immunity. Since the majority of vaccines are subunit or protein-based and CD8 T cells are typically primed by endogenous proteins expressed within the target cell, effective induction of CD8 T cell (CTL) responses by vaccines has been erratic. Exogenous antigen can be presented on MHC class I to CD8 T cells via an inefficient and poorly defined process termed cross-priming. We have used our in vitro MIMIC® technology to optimize CTL cross-priming immune responses to subunit vaccines. We have shown in vitro CTL responses to soluble influenza nucleoprotein (NP) by activating, or licensing, of dendritic cells (DC) by CD4 T cells. Further optimization has involved modification of various assay parameters: cell ratios/kinetics, antigen load, DC types used, addition of DC maturation/activation factors. Generation of the cross-priming response has been evaluated by the ability of CTL to make combinations of multiple cell factors (CD107a, IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) via intracellular cytokine staining and the ability of the CTL to eliminate targets in a fluorescent-based cytotoxic assay. The MIMIC® system can be used to evaluate CTL response to various protein/adjuvant combinations and identify corresponding vaccine candidates capable of efficiently inducing cellular immunity.

Published
2011

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