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Abstract Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein that is predominantly expressed in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. GRP78 plays a crucial role in protein folding by assisting in the assembly of misfolded proteins. Under cellular stress conditions, GRP78 can translocate to the cell surface (csGRP78) were it interacts with different ligands to initiate various intracellular pathways. The expression of csGRP78 has been associated with tumor initiation and progression of multiple cancer types. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing evidence on the roles of GRP78 in various types of cancer and other human pathology. Additionally, the review discusses the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying GRP78's involvement in tumorigenesis and cancer advancement. Furthermore, we highlight recent innovative approaches employed in downregulating GRP78 expression in cancers as a potential therapeutic target.

Traditional indoor lessons, in an Australian high school, were moved outdoors. Studies exploring teacher/student perceptions of a move to nature-based classrooms are limited in mainstream schools in disadvantaged areas. The research question was: how do teachers and students perceive and experience outdoor learning environments compared to indoor environments? Forty-seven students aged 13-14 years, and 2 teachers, took part in 5-weeks of indoor and 5-weeks of outdoor lessons. Students were approached for focus groups; teachers for interviews. A phenomenological approach explored the lived experiences of participants in the outdoor classroom; thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. Teachers reported learning and engagement as comparable in the indoor and outdoor settings. Teachers required resources, school support and guidelines to capitalise on the potential of nature-based learning. A practical 'how to' for teachers and schools looking to move outside is included. This study suggests guidelines for weather, class size and lessons content/styles.

Purpose: This scoping literature review aimed to determine the definition of dignity in relation to disability. It also examined the extent to which inclusive research methods have been used to develop working definitions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in five electronic databases, using a modified framework by Arksey and O'Malley. Narrative synthesis and qualitative content analysis were employed to examine definitions of dignity and the use of inclusive research methods. Results: 22 peer-reviewed studies were included. The majority of the studies were qualitative (72.72%) and examined various disability populations in diverse settings. Although 19 studies offered a definition of dignity, there was no clear consensus. Dignity was frequently defined from a utilitarian perspective, emphasising affordances and barriers. However, engagement with theoretical constructs was superficial and limited. Further, no studies mentioned the use of inclusive research methods. Conclusions: The absence of inclusive research methods hinders the development of a comprehensive definition of dignity that is accepted by and relevant to people with disability. Engaging with both theoretical and empirical perspectives of dignity is crucial to develop a meaningful and inclusive definition, which can inform interventions and policies that enhance dignity for people with disability across diverse settings and contexts. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The adoption of inclusive research methods in disability research should be a priority for rehabilitation researchers and clinicians to better shape research agendas, study design, and outcomes. The absence of inclusive research methods hinders the development of a comprehensive definition of dignity that is accepted by and relevant to people with disability The findings emphasise the need to address dignity concerns within healthcare settings for people with disability. Rehabilitation practitioners can advocate for person-centered approaches, improved communication and increased accessibility to create dignified healthcare environments. Rehabilitation researchers and practitioners can play a pivotal role in advocating for social justice and equity by supporting policies and interventions that foster inclusive practices, dignity, and equitable opportunities for people with disability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When transport systems are accessible and inclusive, people with disability experience dignity. Alternatively, when personal mobility is constrained by physical, social and/or communication, barriers, people with disability experience exclusion and an increasing vulnerability to indignity. This study sought to qualitatively explore the role of trains and buses in an Australian city in supporting access, inclusion and dignified mobility experiences for people with disability. Twenty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants with diverse visible and invisible disabilities and were analysed thematically using Framework Analysis. The findings highlight the complexities involved with navigating public transport systems while maintaining dignity for people with disability. Accessible and inclusive information, infrastructure, and interactions with staff ensured dignified mobility experiences. If any part of a journey was inaccessible, participants were vulnerable to indignity. Dignified mobility experiences represent a complex and dynamic interaction between personal experiences and preferences, impairment-specific requirements, transport infrastructure, interpersonal experiences, and information inclusivity. Points of interest: Public transport systems can play an important role in enabling, facilitating and sustaining dignity for people with disability. People with disability experience theoretical and practical gaps when using trains and buses. Gaps result from infrastructure, environment, information, and attitudinal barriers. Universal Design, access to accessible and inclusive information, and empathic attitudes help create dignified mobility experiences for people with disability when using buses and trains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current advances in technologies and treatments provide pet owners and veterinarians with more options for prolonging the life of beloved pets, but can simultaneously lead to ethical dilemmas relating to what is best for both animal and owner. Key tools for improving end-of-life outcomes include (1) sufficient training to understand the valid ethical approaches to determining when euthanasia is appropriate, (2) regular training in client communication skills, and (3) a standard end-of-life protocol that includes the use of quality of life assessment tools, euthanasia consent forms, and pet owner resources for coping with the loss of a pet. Using these tools will improve outcomes for animals and their owners and reduce the heavy burden of stress and burnout currently being experienced by the veterinary profession.

The study approach sought to understand which vocational rehabilitation (VR) strategies are available for individuals seeking return to work (RTW) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondly, the review aimed to identify how these RTW interventions and outcomes are evaluated. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach, the scoping review began by identifying relevant English language articles via PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase databases for peer-reviewed journal articles published from January 2013 to September 2021. The review focused on identifying studies with a sample population of people with moderate to severe TBI. A total of 23 studies met the search criteria. For each included study, the following data were extracted: (a) country of origin, (b) sample size, (c) civilian or military sample population, (d) age, (e) participant gender, (f) RTW definition, (g) intervention approach, and (h) RTW outcome. The results were synthesized by placement into one of four categories as a function of the study's underlying methodological approach The development of effective RTW approaches has largely been neglected in the rehabilitation literature for persons with TBI in civilian and military populations. Effective strategies do exist to help guide efforts to return this population to productive activity, including work. Lack of productive engagement in work and school among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a chronic challenge in rehabilitation systems internationally. Rehabilitation professionals should utilize multidisciplinary and integrated return-to-work (RTW) interventions given the varied areas of function that can result from TBI. Rehabilitation professionals should apply RTW interventions that promote on-site training and workplace integration. Given the idiosyncratic nature of TBI, RTW interventions should be tailored to meet the specific needs of the person seeking support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand and combat the challenges in taking up and implementing technology in rehabilitation settings, the HabITec Lab, a clinical service focused on technology, was piloted for 12-months within a tertiary hospital. This article reports on its preliminary impacts as a clinical service and on clients, including the types of assistive technology (AT) in demand. Referral and administrative data from 25 individuals who attended the HabITec Lab were collated and analysed using descriptive statistics. For those who attended more than once (n = 12), goal attainment was assessed using the Modified Goal Attainment Measure (MGAM). Post-intervention semi-structured interviews were completed with participants to understand their experience at the HabITec Lab. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Most attendees (92%) were undergoing inpatient rehabilitation following a spinal cord injury (SCI). The majority (73%) of goals related to improving entertainment and connection. All participants who completed the MGAM showed improved goal attainment following their HabITec Lab attendance. Qualitative data highlighted appreciation for the service and suggestions for its future. This study revealed a high level of demand for support to use AT amongst individuals with SCI, particularly consumer-grade smart devices that could assist communication. This finding may have been influenced by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and frequent lockdowns during this period. This study indicated that the HabITec Lab was able to address important goals for attendees, but also illuminate a new future and trigger enthusiasm about future goals. Attendance was liberating, but resourcing barriers were frustrating. Dedicated socio-technological spaces such as HabITec are an important way to provide access to expertise and develop consumer knowledge of technology not adequately addressed elsewhere in the rehabilitation continuum. Access to technological support for individuals in the inpatient setting facilitates access to technology in the present and capacity building to foster ongoing use of technology in the future. Dedicated socio-technological spaces should be adequately resourced, funded, staffed and promoted to ensure optimal outcomes. Access to Smart devices within the inpatient rehabilitation setting is critical for people with spinal cord injury to foster communication with family, friends and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the collective experience of a multidisciplinary network of researchers, practitioners, and program evaluators who support appropriate research and evaluation methods in working with Native peoples. Our experience underlines the critical importance of culture in understanding and conducting research with the diverse populations of American Indians and Alaska Natives, and documents the need for community-based, collaborative, participatory action research. We discuss the major findings of the first American Indian Research and Program Evaluation Methodology national symposium, and articulate a set of 20 guiding principles for conducting research and program evaluation. (Contains 6 footnotes.)

Exploring the intricate relationship between individual and collective experiences, this study explores dignity from the perspectives of people with disability. Using an extreme citizen science approach, we engaged people with disability as active partners in gathering data through qualitative surveys and focus groups. Framework Analysis was employed to ensure the validity of findings while privileging the voices of people with lived experience of disability. Dignity was contingent on the acknowledgement of personhood and the delivery of human rights. Our research identified five key aspects to maintain and protect dignity: (1) acknowledging personhood; (2) recognising people with disability as decision-makers of their lives; (3) realising the right to access information; (4) maintaining the right to privacy; and (5) eliminating or minimising barriers to accessibility and inclusion. Undignified experiences that resulted from a lack of acknowledgement negatively affected participants' wellbeing, and healthcare settings were identified as particularly challenging environments for dignity. These findings have significant implications for healthcare systems and services within an international and interdisciplinary context. They emphasise the need for adaptable, flexible services, co-designed with people with lived experience of disability. Addressing organisational constraints, resource limitations, and expectations is paramount to ensuring dignity is maintained through the acknowledgement of personhood and safeguarding of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Deficits in visuospatial attention, known as neglect, are common following brain injury, but underdiagnosed and poorly treated, resulting in long-term cognitive disability. In clinical settings, neglect is often assessed using simple pen-and-paper tests. While convenient, these cannot characterise the full spectrum of neglect. This protocol reports a research programme that compares traditional neglect assessments with a novel virtual reality attention assessment platform: The Attention Atlas (AA). Methods/design: The AA was codesigned by researchers and clinicians to meet the clinical need for improved neglect assessment. The AA uses a visual search paradigm to map the attended space in three dimensions and seeks to identify the optimal parameters that best distinguish neglect from non-neglect, and the spectrum of neglect, by providing near-time feedback to clinicians on system-level behavioural performance. A series of experiments will address procedural, scientific, patient, and clinical feasibility domains. Results: Analyses focuses on descriptive measures of reaction time, accuracy data for target localisation, and histogram-based raycast attentional mapping analysis; which measures the individual's orientation in space, and inter- and intra-individual variation of visuospatial attention. We will compare neglect and control data using parametric between-subjects analyses. We present example individual-level results produced in near-time during visual search. Conclusions: The development and validation of the AA is part of a new generation of translational neuroscience that exploits the latest advances in technology and brain science, including technology repurposed from the consumer gaming market. This approach to rehabilitation has the potential for highly accurate, highly engaging, personalised care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]