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This paper describes the effects of body structures and environments around the bodies on their computational abilities. This type of computation outsourced for body structures is called morphological computation. Physical reservoir computing, which uses the body itself as a neural network-like system, is one approach to this computation. In this research, a tensegrity-like structure, designed by the compressive elements and the tensile elements that are made of springs, is used as a body structure. We demonstrated that the structure has a higher computational ability when the structure is easier to move with a smaller spring constant, or when the structure's input amplitude was set to be smaller. In addition, the environments around the body were shown to have large effects on the computational ability. The results of these previous experiments were summarized into four features. First, the softer body has a higher computational ability. Second, the input amplitude can control the memories of the system. Third, the best input position exists which maximizes the computational ability. Fourth, the environments around the structure have effects on the system and its computational ability. Furthermore, this paper suggests that a parallel link structure (i.e., closed-loop link structure) is a prerequisite for physical reservoir computing, and tensegrity structures have ability to learn different functions at the same time.

This paper presents the method and characteristic of bearing only localization applying for multiple low-cost autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). In the proposed method, each AUV equips sensors which are not always accurate enough to estimate position. The method estimates the positions of the AUVs combining the information of the directions from the AUVs to the acoustic source and sensor values on the AUVs. This paper analyzed the capability of this method using the mathematical model of the system with observability rank condition. The result indicates the system has observability as far as the AUV does not move directly from or to the acoustic source. The position of the AUVs was also estimated using the particle filter. The method succeeded in the particles from diverging. We also observed that the accuracy of the estimation depends on the relative position of the acoustic source from the AUV.

On 17 July 1998, a tsunami caused serious damage on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea about 20 min after the mainshock of an Mw 7.0 earthquake. The tsunami has been attributed to a submarine landslide that occurred about 13 min after the mainshock because its arrival at the coast was too late and its height too great to be the direct result of the fault slip of the earthquake. Bathymetric data recorded after the tsunami revealed an amphitheater-like structure that was consistent with a recent submarine landslide. Most current tsunami warning systems are based on analysis of the early arrivals of seismic waves generated by an earthquake. In this study we investigated whether evidence of the landslide could be identified in the coda waves recorded after the mainshock. Based on previous studies of the tsunami source, we constructed synthetic seismograms to represent the submarine landslide and compared them to the observed coda waves of the preceding earthquake, with particular attention to the period around 13 min after the mainshock. We found phases possibly corresponding to the landslide event. However, they were easily covered with coda waves from the mainshock. We concluded that the 1998 landslide was too small to be evident in the coda waves following the magnitude 7 earthquake.

Water column sampling is one of the important ways to acquire the information used for detecting global warming, water pollution, climate change, and so on. Recently, water sampling is conducted by robots called Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) those works automatically without tether expecting the efficient and the wide range sampling. Here we propose glider AUV with variable wing used for adapting ocean environment such as ocean current. We showed the design of this AUV including simple calculation of the effect of the rotational wing and the whole plan of producing and using this AUV.

2000 年に、南ウェールズのブレナヴォンBlaenavon 産業遺産群がユネスコから世界遺産の指定を受けた。この遺産群の中で主要なものは、炭坑遺産としてのビッグ・ピットBig Pit とブレナヴォン製鉄所である。私は共同研究者とともに、2011 年にこのブレナヴォン世界遺産を訪れ、視察・調査を行った。この論文では、特にブレナヴォン製鉄所の遺跡に焦点を当てて、製鉄所の立地・歴史を述べ、その遺跡建造物の保存維持を概観する。さらに、そこで働いていた人々の姿を描写する。, In 2000 Blaenavon Industrial Landscape in South Wales was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.The most important industrial heritages of this site are Blaenavon Ironworks and Big Pit(coal mine). In 2011 I visited the site with my colleagues and surveyed the industrial heritage of colliery and ironworks. This paper, focusing on Blaenavon Ironworks, describes the history of this ironworks and explain the conservation of surviving structures and the life of the people who worked there.

A 40-kDa outer membrane protein (HBP35) has been molecularly cloned from the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis 381. The predicted amino acid sequence of HBP35 consists of 344 amino acid residues, having a molecular weight of 37,559. In the latest computational analysis, a typical signal peptide was suggested to be present at the amino terminus of the protein. On Western blot analysis using an antibody against recombinant HBP35 (rHBP35), two protein bands were seen in crude extracts of the recombinant Escherichia coli. In addition, a lower molecular weight band was seen in the periplasmic fraction. The partial amino acid sequence of the lower molecular weight HBP35 was N-QELKTSADMKGSFKKNVVLE-C at the amino terminus and corresponded to the 22nd to 41st amino acids of the HBP35 protein. This indicates that there is a cleavage site for the signal peptide between the 21st and the 22nd residues. Immunostaining with the anti-rHBP35 antibody showed that the HBP35 protein was mainly located outside of the P. gingivalis cytoplasm. Taken together, the results suggest that HBP35 passes through the inner membrane after cleavage of the signal peptides at the N-terminal of the protein and is bound to the outer membrane of this bacterium.

A series of water-soluble dendritic ligands with a phosphine core was synthesized through the coupling of tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine oxide with poly(benzyl ether) dendron having tri(ethylene gl...

本研究は、拡大EUとして欧州が統合される時代において、産業構造の転換に伴う地域の課題解決のための取組みを取り上げ、比較分析するものである。本稿では特に、イタリアにおける産業遺産の保全・活用の新しい事例をとりあげ、地域再活性化に結びつける手法について、「産業政策」と「文化政策」の「地域政策」を媒介とする高いレベルでの融合に着目し、その背景、経緯、政策上の課題などを論じた。, This paper picks up some case studies to practice comparative analysis of regional policies aiming to solve regional problems that occurred within diversion of indstrial structure in expanding EU. It tries to reveal the backgrounds and processes of some new cases in Italy, which connect reservation or restoration of industrial heritages to regional regeneration or revitalization, that is high-level amalgamation of industrial policy and cultural policy through the medium of regional policy.

種々のイオン化法を用いて難溶性の有機顔料の質量分析を行った．その結果，正イオンマススペクトルにおいてレーザー脱離イオン化（LDI），多孔質シリコンを利用した脱離イオン化（DIOS）及びマトリックス支援レーザー脱離イオン化（MALDI）法では，プロトン化分子のほか，ラジカルカチオンとプロトン化分子の混成した分子イオン種が得られた．電子イオン化（EI）法ではラジカルカチオン，化学イオン化（CI）法ではプロトン化分子が得られた．一方，負イオンスペクトルの場合，LDI，DIOS及びMALDI法については，ラジカルアニオンのほかプロトン脱離分子，ヒドリド付加分子などの分子イオン種が，EI及びCI法では主にラジカルアニオンが得られた．また，EI及びCI-イオントラップ質量分析計を用いたMSn分析によって，有機顔料の主成分と不純物の構造解析を行った．

Several studies have proved that low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) showed an antidepressant effect, although its mechanism is still not completely elucidated. The aim of the present study was to clarify the alteration in neuroanatomical function elicited by low-frequency TMS of the right DLPFC in treatment-resistant depression and to detect the difference between responders and nonresponders to TMS. Single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer was performed in 14 right-handed male patients with treatment-resistant unipolar depression before and after low-frequency TMS of the right DLPFC. Five 60-second 1-Hz trains were applied and 12 treatment sessions were administered within a 3-week period (total pulses, 3,600). The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was administered and the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM2). After TMS treatment in 14 patients, the score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression decreased significantly, and considerable decreases in rCBF were seen in the bilateral prefrontal, orbitofrontal, anterior insula, right subgenual cingulate, and left parietal cortex, but no significant increase in rCBF occurred. Additionally, as compared with 8 nonresponders, 6 responders showed significant increases in rCBF at baseline in the left hemisphere including the prefrontal and limbic-paralimbic regions. These results suggest that the antidepressant effect of low-frequency TMS of the right DLPFC is associated with a decrease in rCBF in the limbic-paralimbic regions via the ipsilateral subgenual cingulate, and increased rCBF at baseline in the left hemisphere may be involved in the response to low-frequency TMS treatment.

本研究は、拡大EUとして欧州が統合される時代において、産業構造の転換に伴う地域の課題解決のための取組みを取り上げ、比較、分析するものである。本稿では特に、産学官の連携のもとで産業遺産を保全しながら新しい地域再活性化に結びつける手法について、「産業政策」と「文化政策」の「地域政策」を媒介とする高いレベルでの融合に着目し、その背景、経緯、政策上の課題などを論じた。, This paper picks up some case-studies to practice comparative analysis of regional policies aiming to solve regional problems which occurred within diversion of industrial structure in expanding EU. This Paper tries to reveal the backgrounds and processes of those cases, which connect reservation or restoration of industrial heritages to regional regeneration or revitalization, that is high-level amalgamation of industrial policy and cultural policy through the medium of regional policy which is characterized by Private-Public-Academic partnerships.

本研究は、拡大するEU諸国において、産業構造の転換に伴う地域の課題解決のための取り組みを取り上げ、比較・分析するものである。本稿では特に、産業遺産を保全しながら新しい地域再活性化に結び付ける手法において、「産業政策」と「文化政策」の「地域政策」を媒介とする高いレベルでの融合に着目し、その背景、経緯、わが国の同様の政策への応用について論じた。, This paper picks up some case-studies to practice comparative analysis of regional policies aiming to solve regional problems which occurred within diversion of industrial structure in expanding EU. And discusses about the backgrounds and processes of those case-studies, which connect reservation or restoration of industrial heritage to regional regeneration or revitalization, that is high-level amalgamation of industrial policy and cultural policy through the medium of regional policy, and possibilities of adaptation to our country.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been recently suggested for the treatment of patients with major depression. Based on the results of the authors’ pilot study showing a possible antidepressive effect of single-pulse TMS, a clinical trial was conducted involving patients with major depression. For the present study single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was recorded for six of the target patients to study the effects of TMS on the local blood flow volume. Twenty-three inpatients meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn; DSM-IV) criteria for major depression were invited to participate in the study. Depressive symptoms were rated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Patients were given 10 stimuli over the frontal area of both sides for a total of 20 stimuli in a session. The subjects had daily TMS session for 5 days as an add-on therapy. In addition, six patients had their quantitative 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer SPECT images measured before and after TMS treatment. Compared with the value 2 days prior to the start of TMS therapy (24.2 ± 4.9), the average HAM-D scale dropped significantly to 15.3 ± 6.6 on the day after completion of such therapy. The results of SPECT showed that the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the bilateral frontal region had increased in four out of six patients when comparing before and after treatment. The present study shows that single-pulse TMS, which is widely used as a neurological test method, possesses a wide range of antidepressive effects without inducing adverse reactions. The results suggest that although repetitive TMS is steadily becoming the mainstay technique today, single-pulse TMS also possesses sufficient antidepressive effects.

Tacrolimus (FK506), which is a potent imuunosuppressive drug, has the excellent effect for prevention of rejection after on organ transu;oanttation. Although the pharmacological activity of FK506 depends on its serum concentratio, the serum oncentration of FK506 is widely fluctuated. We hypothesized that the change of FK506 serum concentration is concerned with the portein binding of FK506, because it is well-known that FK506 bind to serum proteins strongly in general. However, the change factors of FK506 serum concentration were not studied. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the change of FK506 serum concentration and serum protein bindgin of FK506, as well as to identify the binding sites of FK506. Binding activities of FK506 to serum, human serum albumin (HAS), α_1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and human immunoglobulin (IgG) were examined by ultrafiltration method. Serum concentraiton of FK506 was only enevated by the increment of AGP concentration in whole blood system. This means that FK506 transferred from blood cells to serum with increasing AGP oncentration. In the study of binding sites of FK506, it is obvious that FK506 bind to the overlapping region of acidic and basic drug binding site on AGP molecule. It is important to check AGP serum concentraiton for a dosage plan of FK506.

The inclusion of phloridzin into beta-cyclodextrin was studied as a model of molecular recognition in membranes. Effects on 1H NMR spectra and NOE correlational peaks between phloridzin and beta-cyclodextrin were observed in the complex. Strong NOEs were observed between hydrogens of a phenol group in phloridzin and beta-cyclodextrin. The three-dimensional structure of the inclusion complex between phloridzin and beta-cyclodextrin was simulated with distance constraints estimated by the intensity of NOE peaks using the DADAS90 programs. Two inclusion possibilities were suggested-the large rim of beta-cyclodextrin as an entrance of the inclusion and the small rim of beta-cyclodextrin as the entrance. In both cases, the phenol group of phloridzin was included in the hydrophobic space of beta-cyclodextrin.

Today in most states, electronic coverage of court proceedings is permitted. States are classified according to relavent categories. Rules of states restrict the coverage in some cases. Kelli L.Sager & Karen N. Frederiksen, who specialize in media litigation, insist that absent a showing in a given case that televised coverage will prejudice or interfere with the conduct of justice, televised coverage should be permitted as a matter of constitutional right. On the contrary, Peter L. Arenella, a professor at U.C.L.A., doubt if media have constitutional right of access. And he asserts that in high profile cases trial judges have discretion whether to permit televising the courtroom proceedings. These opinions seemingly contradict to each other, but can be harmonized by interpretation.

Homoionic montmorillonites saturated with several kinds of cations can form complexes with propylene carbonate (PC) by intercalation. The PC molecules interact with the interlayer cations by way of H2O molecules between the silicate layers. The PC-montmorillonite complexes exhibit osmotic swelling even in aqueous electrolyte solutions. This is interpreted in terms of the formation of thick electric double-layers consisting of PC and H2O between the silicate layers. Although the PC molecules are gradually hydrolyzed to propylene glycol between the layers, the hydrolyzed complex also shows a similar swelling power in aqueous electrolyte solutions.

1H and 13C NMR spectra of four fucosyllactoses were analyzed and interresidual NOEs were detected in solution. Several interresidual NOE cross peaks between non-direct-bonding pyranoses were obtained in common with trisaccharides including fucose. Three-dimensional (3D) structures of the four saccharides were simulated with DADAS90 software using distance constraints estimated by NOE intensity. Results suggest approximate C2 rotating symmetry in the 3D 3,2'-difucosyllactose structure.

Water and sediment qualities were surveyed from April, 1996 through March, 1997 in Hakata Bay for the water-quality modeling. Using the results, the seasonal variations of water qualities were discussed and the ability for water-quality purification at the tidal flat zone was estimated. The amount of organic matter removed by benthos at Wajiro tidal flat was about 2 times larger than that at the reference area. The amount of COD removed by benthos at Wajiro was the same order of magnitude as Banzu tidal flat.

A three-component Mannich-type reaction catalyzed by the Lewis acid-core metallodendrimers prepared from the dendritic 2,2'-bipyridine ligands and Cu(OTf) 2 proceeded smoothly in water. A positive dendritic effect on the chemical yields of the Mannich products was observed.

A new class of chiral selenium reagents 4–7 was synthesized on the basis of the concept that the strong intramolecular interaction between an electrophilic selenium and an optically modified tertiary amine (Se…N interaction) would induce asymmetric induction in the reaction between the selenium reagent and olefins. When 7, which showed the most powerful asymmetric induction, was applied to asymmetric methoxyselenenylation of (E)-phenylpropene under optimum reaction conditions, the highest diastereomeric excess (d.e.) of the trans-addition product was obtained (97 % d.e.). The same reaction conditions were employed in asymmetric methoxyselenenylation of various olefins (up to 97 % d.e.) and also in asymmetric intramolecular oxyselenenylation of terminal olefins (up to 59 % d.e.) and internal olefins (up to 98 % d.e.). The results show that this class of selenium reagents with a strong Se…N interaction is useful for asymmetric organic synthesis.

Phase behavior and dynamics of liquid−liquid phase separation in binary blends of crystalline polymers, viz., poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) and poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), have been studied by means of time-resolved light scattering. According to our previous calorimetric study, a single glass transition and two distinct melting endotherms were discerned over the entire composition range. The systematic movement of the glass transition with composition and the lowering of the melting point of the PVF2 crystals indicate trends of a typical miscible blend. However, the dual melting peaks suggest that cocrystallization does not occur. In the melt state (∼60 deg above the melting temperature of the PVF2 crystals), a thermally reversible lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was observed. Several temperature jump experiments were undertaken in a light-scattering apparatus at a 50/50 PVF2/PBA composition from a single-phase melt state (200 °C) to a two-phase region (238, 240, 245, and 250 °C). A simil...

The diastereomeric excess (d.e.) in asymmetric methoxyselenenylation of trans - β -methylstyrene was significantly enhanced by employing the selenohexafluoro-phosphate of an optically active diaryl diselenide derived from d -mannitol (97 %d.e.). The procedure was applied to the asymmetric methoxyselenenylation of various olefins.

Asymmetric trans-addition reactions of simple olefins have been performed by using optically active 2-selenobinaphthyls 1,2a–g. Introduction of an amide group at the 2′-position in the binaphthyl skeleton enhances considerably the diastereomeric excess (de) of the asymmetric methoxyselenenylation. In the case of trans-olefins, introduction of another chiral center in the amide group further enhances the de due to double stereodifferentiation between the (R)-binaphthyl skeleton and the chiral amide group introduced at the 2′-position in the binaphthyl skeleton. The use of chiral nucleophiles is also effective to enhance the de for symmetrical cis-olefins.

A series of terminally blocked peptides consisting of tetrapeptide repeat. Boc-Asn-Ala-(Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala) n-0,1,2,5,17 -Asn-Pro-OBzl, has been synthesized and one and two dimensional 1 H NMR studies in dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO)-d 6 as well as distance geometry calculations have been carried out. The repeating tetrapeptidc units constitute the central area of the circumsporozoite coat protein of human malaria parasite Pkrsmodium falciparum. The two dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) data observed in Me 2 SO and the information from the temperature dependence of the amide proton chemical shifts were used as constraints in distance geometry calculations. The result suggests that each -(Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala)- tetrapeptide forms a structural unit, a considerable population of which exists as unique turnlikc structurcs.

Optically active diaryl diselenides carrying C2 symmetrical chiral pyrrolidines are synthesized by the condensation between 2,2′-diselenobis(benzyl chloride) derivatives and chiral pyrrolidines and are applied to methoxyselenenylation of trans-olefins. The observed diastereomeric excess (d.e.) is up to 60%.

Asymmetric trans-addition reactions of (E)-phenylpropene, a mechanistically novel reactions, have been achieved by using chiral selenium-containing binaphthyl derivatives. Introduction of an amide group at 2′-position in the binaphthyl skeleton enhances considerably the diastereomeric excess (d.e.) of the asymmetric reaction presumably due to attractive interaction between the nitrogen lone pair and the seleniranium intermediate. Introduction of another chiral center in the amide group further enhances the d.e. as high as 79 %, which is the highest asymmetric induction ever achieved in the asymmetric trans-addition reaction.

Optically active diaryl diselenides carrying C2 symmetrical chiral pyrrolidines are synthesized by the condensation between 2,2′-diselenobis(benzyl chloride) derivatives and chiral pyrrolidines and are applied to methoxyselenenylation of trans-olefins. The observed diastereomeric excess (d.e.) is up to 60%.

The diastereomeric excess (d.e.) in asymmetric methoxyselenenylation of trans - β -methylstyrene was significantly enhanced by employing the selenohexafluoro-phosphate of an optically active diaryl diselenide derived from d -mannitol (97 %d.e.). The procedure was applied to the asymmetric methoxyselenenylation of various olefins.

Asymmetric trans-addition reactions of simple olefins have been performed by using optically active 2-selenobinaphthyls 1,2a–g. Introduction of an amide group at the 2′-position in the binaphthyl skeleton enhances considerably the diastereomeric excess (de) of the asymmetric methoxyselenenylation. In the case of trans-olefins, introduction of another chiral center in the amide group further enhances the de due to double stereodifferentiation between the (R)-binaphthyl skeleton and the chiral amide group introduced at the 2′-position in the binaphthyl skeleton. The use of chiral nucleophiles is also effective to enhance the de for symmetrical cis-olefins.

High asymmetric induction is observed in intramolecular Selenoetherification and Selenolactonization by employing the selenohexafluorophosphate of an optically active diaryl diselenide derived from D-mannitol.

A new class of chiral selenium reagents 4–7 was synthesized on the basis of the concept that the strong intramolecular interaction between an electrophilic selenium and an optically modified tertiary amine (Se…N interaction) would induce asymmetric induction in the reaction between the selenium reagent and olefins. When 7, which showed the most powerful asymmetric induction, was applied to asymmetric methoxyselenenylation of (E)-phenylpropene under optimum reaction conditions, the highest diastereomeric excess (d.e.) of the trans-addition product was obtained (97 % d.e.). The same reaction conditions were employed in asymmetric methoxyselenenylation of various olefins (up to 97 % d.e.) and also in asymmetric intramolecular oxyselenenylation of terminal olefins (up to 59 % d.e.) and internal olefins (up to 98 % d.e.). The results show that this class of selenium reagents with a strong Se…N interaction is useful for asymmetric organic synthesis.

We report a patient with treatment-resistant depression who responded dramatically to bilateral transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and present a 6-month follow-up of changes in regional cerebral blood flow. A 59-year-old man with 4 recurrences of depression came to our outpatient clinic. His current episode had persisted for at least 10 months, although he received several antidepressants. After successful TMS treatment, as compared with normal comparisons, the areas of hypoperfusion in the anterior and subgenual cingulate cortices were almost unchanged but were normalized at month 6. The areas of hyperperfusion in the orbitofrontal cortex were reduced considerably at week 4 and disappeared at month 6. Although there are limitations of a case report, the findings of this case suggest that treatment response to bilateral TMS may be associated with the anterior cingulate, subgenual cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices.