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2. Scintillating Bubble Chambers for Rare Event Searches

Author

Ernesto Alfonso-Pita, Edward Behnke, Matthew Bressler, Benjamin Broerman, Kenneth Clark, Jonathan Corbett, C. Eric Dahl, Koby Dering, Austin de St. Croix, Daniel Durnford, Pietro Giampa, Jeter Hall, Orin Harris, Hector Hawley-Herrera, Christopher M. Jackson, Youngtak Ko, Noah Lamb, Mathieu Laurin, Ilan Levine, W. Hugh Lippincott, Xingxin Liu, Russell Neilson, Marie-Cécile Piro, Shashank Priya, Daniel Pyda, Zhiheng Sheng, Gary Sweeney, Eric Vázquez-Jáuregui, Shawn Westerdale, Thomas J. Whitis, Alexander Wright, Wei Zha, and Ryan Zhang

Subjects
dark matter, neutrinos, bubble chambers, metastable fluids, liquid argon, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract

The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration is developing liquid-noble bubble chambers for the detection of sub-keV nuclear recoils. These detectors benefit from the electron recoil rejection inherent in moderately-superheated bubble chambers with the addition of energy reconstruction provided from the scintillation signal. The ability to measure low-energy nuclear recoils allows the search for GeV-scale dark matter and the measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering on argon from MeV-scale reactor antineutrinos. The first physics-scale detector, SBC-LAr10, is in the commissioning phase at Fermilab, where extensive engineering and calibration studies will be performed. In parallel, a functionally identical low-background version, SBC-SNOLAB, is being built for a dark matter search underground at SNOLAB. SBC-SNOLAB, with a 10 kg-yr exposure, will have sensitivity to a dark matter–nucleon cross section of 2×10−42 cm2 at 1 GeV/c2 dark matter mass, and future detectors could reach the boundary of the argon neutrino fog with a tonne-yr exposure. In addition, the deployment of an SBC detector at a nuclear reactor could enable neutrino physics investigations including measurements of the weak mixing angle and searches for sterile neutrinos, the neutrino magnetic moment, and the light Z’ gauge boson.

Published
2023
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5. Horizontal Foot Speed During Submaximal and Maximal Running

Author

Kenneth Clark, Laurence Ryan, Christopher Meng, and David Stearne

Subjects
Physiology (medical), Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Abstract

Horizontal foot speed is fundamental for running synchronization and stability, and may also be important for sprinting performance. In this investigation, we quantified the following during steady-speed running: (a) peak forward foot speed during the swing phase, (b) backward foot speed at touchdown, and (c) ground speed difference (GSD), i.e., the difference between forward running speed and backward foot speed at touchdown. We hypothesized that forward and backward foot speed would be significantly and positively correlated with top speed, and that GSD would be significantly and negatively correlated with top speed. Participants (20 male, 20 female) completed 40-m submaximal and maximal-effort running trials, with kinematic data collected from 31–39 m. Across top speed trials, forward foot speed (r = 0.90, p < 0.001) and backward foot speed (r = 0.85, p < 0.001) were significantly and positively correlated with running speed. However, counter to expectations, GSD values slightly increased with top speed (r = 0.36, p = 0.027). These findings indicate that forward and backward foot speeds are important variables for sprinting performance, but faster runners may not necessarily exhibit lower GSD values at top speed.

Published
2023

7. Detecting long‐term changes in stomatal conductance: challenges and opportunities of tree‐ring <scp> δ 18 O </scp> proxy

Author

Rossella Guerrieri, Soumaya Belmecheri, Heidi Asbjornsen, Jingfeng Xiao, David Y. Hollinger, Kenneth Clark, Katie Jennings, Thomas E. Kolb, J. William Munger, Andrew D. Richardson, Scott V. Ollinger, Guerrieri, Rossella, Belmecheri, Soumaya, Asbjornsen, Heidi, Xiao, Jingfeng, Hollinger, David Y, Clark, Kenneth, Jennings, Katie, Kolb, Thomas E, Munger, J William, Richardson, Andrew D, and Ollinger, Scott V

Subjects
Carbon Isotopes, stable oxygen isotope, Physiology, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), AmeriFlux, Plant Science, Oxygen Isotopes, precipitation, tree ring, dual isotope approach, Trees, Plant Leaves, Péclet effect, stomatal conductance
Abstract

N/A n/a

Published
2022

8. Strategies for In Vivo Screening and Mitigation of Hepatotoxicity Associated with Antisense Drugs

Author

Piotr J. Kamola, Klio Maratou, Paul A. Wilson, Kay Rush, Tanya Mullaney, Tom McKevitt, Paula Evans, Jim Ridings, Probash Chowdhury, Aude Roulois, Ann Fairchild, Sean McCawley, Karen Cartwright, Nigel J. Gooderham, Timothy W. Gant, Kitty Moores, Stephen A. Hughes, Mark R. Edbrooke, Kenneth Clark, and Joel D. Parry

Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) gapmers downregulate gene expression by inducing enzyme-dependent degradation of targeted RNA and represent a promising therapeutic platform for addressing previously undruggable genes. Unfortunately, their therapeutic application, particularly that of the more potent chemistries (e.g., locked-nucleic-acid-containing gapmers), has been hampered by their frequent hepatoxicity, which could be driven by hybridization-mediated interactions. An early de-risking of this liability is a crucial component of developing safe, ASO-based drugs. To rank ASOs based on their effect on the liver, we have developed an acute screen in the mouse that can be applied early in the drug development cycle. A single-dose (3-day) screen with streamlined endpoints (i.e., plasma transaminase levels and liver weights) was observed to be predictive of ASO hepatotoxicity ranking established based on a repeat-dose (15 day) study. Furthermore, to study the underlying mechanisms of liver toxicity, we applied transcriptome profiling and pathway analyses and show that adverse in vivo liver phenotypes correlate with the number of potent, hybridization-mediated off-target effects (OTEs). We propose that a combination of in silico OTE predictions, streamlined in vivo hepatotoxicity screening, and a transcriptome-wide selectivity screen is a valid approach to identifying and progressing safer compounds. Keywords: antisense oligonucleotides, ASOs, off-target effects, OTEs, hepatotoxicity, locked nucleic acids, LNA, gene silencing, RNArcher, selectivity

Published
2017
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9. A Hierarchy of Ligands Controls Formation of Aryl Radicals in Pd-Catalyzed Ground State Reactions

Author

Kenneth Clark, Laura Evans, and John Murphy

Abstract

Palladium salts and complexes were tested separately and in the presence of added ligands, as potential sources of aryl radicals in ground state coupling reactions of aryl halide with arenes under basic conditions (KOtBu). Our recently developed assay for aryl radicals was employed to test for aryl radicals. In this assay, aryl radicals derived from the test substrate, 1-iodo-2,6-dimethylbenzene 7, undergo base-induced homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) with benzene to produce 2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 8, and biphenyl 9, in an approx. 1:4 ratio as well as m-xylene 10. The biphenyl arises from a diagnostic radical transfer reaction with the solvent benzene. Using substrate 7 with a range of Pd sources as potential initiators led to formation of 8, 9, 10 in varying amounts. However, when any one of a range of diphosphinoferrocenes (e.g dppf or dippf) or BINAP (20 mol% in each case) was added as a ligand to Pd(OAc)2, the ratio of [2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 8: biphenyl 9] moved decisively to that expected from the BHAS (radical) pathway. Further studies were conducted with dppf. When dppf was added to each of the other Pd sources, the ratio of coupled products was also diverted to that expected for radical BHAS chemistry. Deuterium isotope studies and radical trap experiments provide strong additional support for the involvement of aryl radicals. Accordingly, under these ground state conditions, palladium sources in the presence of defined ligands, convert aryl iodides to aryl radicals.

Published
2023

10. An Assay for Aryl Radicals Using BHAS Coupling

Author

John Murphy, Kenneth Clark, Seb Tyerman, Laura Evans, and Craig Robertson

Abstract

Aryl radicals are intermediates in many reactions, but determining their presence unambiguously is often challenging. As we recently reported, reaction of 2-iodo-1,3-dimethylbenzene 7 in benzene with KOtBu and a suitable organic additive, leads to a base-induced homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) coupling reaction giving 2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 12 and biphenyl 3 as coupled products, together with xylene. Biphenyl arises from a radical translocation and is the major coupling product. This paper now investigates that reaction, using deuterium isotope studies to provide detailed mechanistic support. The reaction gives very similar outcomes with two different radical generation sources, and in doing so, shows its ability to act as an assay for aryl radicals. An advantage of such a BHAS process is that it involves a chain reaction that can amplify radical activity.

Published
2023

11. Comparison of two measurement devices for obtaining horizontal force-velocity profile variables during sprint running

Author

Erin Feser, Kyle Lindley, Kenneth Clark, Neil Bezodis, Christian Korfist, and John Cronin

Subjects
Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

This study established the magnitude of systematic bias and random error of horizontal force-velocity (F-v) profile variables obtained from a 1080 Sprint compared to that obtained from a Stalker ATS II radar device. Twenty high-school athletes from an American football training group completed a 30 m sprint while the two devices simultaneously measured velocity-time data. The velocity-time data were modelled by an exponential equation fitting process and then used to calculate individual F-v profiles and related variables (theoretical maximum velocity, theoretical maximum horizontal force, slope of the linear F-v profile, peak power, time constant tau, and horizontal maximal velocity). The devices were compared by determining the systematic bias and the 95% limits of agreement (random error) for all variables, both of which were expressed as percentages of the mean radar value. All bias values were within 6.32%, with the 1080 Sprint reporting higher values for tau, horizontal maximal velocity, and theoretical maximum velocity. Random error was lowest for velocity-based variables but exceeded 7% for all others, with slope of the F-v profile being greatest at ±12.3%. These results provide practitioners with the information necessary to determine if the agreement between the devices and the magnitude of random error is acceptable within the context of their specific application.

Published
2022

13. Searching for VHE gamma-ray emission associated with IceCube neutrino alerts using FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS

Author

Konstancja, Satalecka, Acciari, Victor A., Stefano, Ansoldi, Lucio Angelo Antonelli, Axel Arbet Engels, Manuel, Artero, Katsuaki, Asano, Dominik, Baack, Ana, Babic, Andr('(e))s, Baquero, Ulisses Barres de Almeida, Juan Abel Barrio, Ivana, Batkovi('(c)), Josefa Becerra Gonzalez, Wlodek, Bednarek, Lorenzo, Bellizzi, Elisa, Bernardini, Maria-Isabel, Bernardos, Alessio, Berti, Jürgen, Besenrieder, Wrijupan, Bhattacharyya, Ciro, Bigongiari, Adrian, Biland, Oscar, Blanch, Hendrik, Bökenkamp, Giacomo, Bonnoli, Zeljka, Bosnjak, Giovanni, Busetto, Roberto, Carosi, Giovanni, Ceribella, Matteo, Cerruti, Yating, Chai, Ashot, Chilingarian, Stefan, Cikota, Sidika Merve Colak, Eduardo, Colombo, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan, Cortina, Stefano, Covino, Giacomo D( extquotesingle)Amico, Valerio D( extquotesingle)Elia, Paolo Da Vela, Francesco, Dazzi, Alessandro De Angelis, Barbara De Lotto, Manuel, Delfino, Jordi, Delgado, Carlos Delgado Mendez, Davide, Depaoli, Federico Di Pierro, Leonardo Di Venere, Elia Do Souto Espi(~(n))eira, Dijana Dominis Prester, Alice, Donini, Daniela, Dorner, Michele, Doro, Dominik, Elsaesser, Vandad Fallah Ramazani, Alicia, Fattorini, Maria Victoria Fonseca, Lluis, Font, Christian, Fruck, Satoshi, Fukami, Yasushi, Fukazawa, Garc('(i))a L('(o))pez, Ramon J., Markus, Garczarczyk, Sargis, Gasparyan, Markus, Gaug, Giglietto, Nicola, Francesco, Giordano, Pawel, Gliwny, Nikola, Godinovic, David, Green, Jarred Gershon Green, Daniela, Hadasch, Alexander, Hahn, Lea, Heckmann, Javier, Herrera, John, Hoang, Dario, Hrupec, Moritz, Hütten, Tomohiro, Inada, Kazuma, Ishio, Yuki, Iwamura, Irene Jim('(e))nez Mart('(i))nez, Jenni, Jormanainen, L('(e))a, Jouvin, Marie, Karjalainen, Daniel, Kerszberg, Yukiho, Kobayashi, Hidetoshi, Kubo, Junko, Kushida, Alessandra, Lamastra, Damir, Lelas, Francesco, Leone, Elina, Lindfors, Lena, Linhoff, Saverio, Lombardi, Francesco, Longo, Ruben, Lopez-Coto, Marcos, L('(o))pez-Moya, Alicia, L('(o))pez-Oramas, Loporchio, Serena, Bernardo Machado de Oliveira Fraga, Camilla, Maggio, Pratik, Majumdar, Martin, Makariev, Manuela, Mallamaci, Galina, Maneva, Marina, Manganaro, Karl, Mannheim, Laura, Maraschi, Mos(`(e)), Mariotti, Manel, Martinez, Daniel, Mazin, Stefano, Menchiari, Simone, Mender, Sa( (s))a Mi('(c))anovi('(c)), Davide, Miceli, Tjark, Miener, Jose Miguel Miranda, Razmik, Mirzoyan, Edgar, Molina, Abelardo, Moralejo, Daniel, Morcuende, Victoria, Moreno, Elena, Moretti, Takeshi, Nakamori, Lara, Nava, Vitaly, Neustroev, Cosimo, Nigro, Kari, Nilsson, Kyoshi, Nishijima, Koji, Noda, Seiya, Nozaki, Yoshiki, Ohtani, Tomohiko, Oka, Jorge, Otero-Santos, Simona, Paiano, Michele, Palatiello, David, Paneque, Riccardo, Paoletti, Paredes, Josep M., Lovro, Pavleti('(c)), Pablo, Pe(~(n))il, Massimo, Persic, Marine, Pihet, Pier Giorgio Prada Moroni, Elisa, Prandini, Chaitanya, Priyadarshi, Ivica, Puljak, Wolfgang, Rhode, Marc, Rib('(o)), Javier, Rico, Chiara, Righi, Andrea, Rugliancich, Narek, Sahakyan, Takayuki, Saito, Shunsuke, Sakurai, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Bernd, Schleicher, Kevin, Schmidt, Thomas, Schweizer, Julian, Sitarek, Iva, ( (S))nidari('(c)), Dorota, Sobczy('(n))ska, Alessia, Spolon, Antonio, Stamerra, Jelena Stri( (s))kovi('(c)), Derek, Strom, Marcel, Strzys, Yusuke, Suda, Tihomir, Suri('(c)), Mitsunari, Takahashi, Ryuji, Takeishi, Fabrizio, Tavecchio, Petar, Temnikov, Tomislav, Terzic, Masahiro, Teshima, Luca, Tosti, Stefano, Truzzi, Antonio, Tutone, Santiago, Ubach, Juliane van Scherpenberg, Gaia, Vanzo, Monica VAZQUEZ ACOSTA, Sofia, Ventura, Vassil, Verguilov, Carlo Francesco Vigorito, Vincenzo, Vitale, Ievgen, Vovk, Martin, Will, Carolin, Wunderlich, Tokonatsu, Yamamoto, Darko, Zari('(c)), Matteo, Balbo, Thomas, Bretz, Jens, Buss, Laura, Eisenberger, Dorothee, Hildebrand, Roman, Iotov, Adelina, Kalenski, Dominik, Neise, Maximilian, Noethe, Aleksander, Paravac, Vitalii, Sliusar, Roland, Walter, Rasha, Abbasi, Markus, Ackermann, Jenni, Adams, Juanan, Aguilar, Ahlers, M., Maryon, Ahrens, Cyril Martin Alispach, Antonio Augusto Alves Junior, Najia Moureen Binte Amin, Rui, An, Karen, Andeen, Tyler, Anderson, Gisela, Anton, Carlos, Arguelles, Yosuke, Ashida, Spencer, Axani, Xinhua, Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, V., Anastasia Maria Barbano, Barwick, S. W., Benjamin, Bastian, Vedant, Basu, Sebastian, Baur, Bay, R. C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. -H., Julia Becker Tjus, Chiara, Bellenghi, Segev, Benzvi, Berley, D., Besson, D. Z., Gary, Binder, Daniel, Bindig, Blaufuss, E., Summer, Blot, Matthias, Boddenberg, Federico, Bontempo, Jurgen, Borowka, Boser, S., Olga, Botner, Jakob, Bottcher, Etienne, Bourbeau, Federica, Bradascio, Braun, J., Stephanie, Bron, Jannes, Brostean-Kaiser, Sally-Ann, Browne, Alexander, Burgman, Ryan, Burley, Raffaela, Busse, Michael, Campana, Erin, Carnie-Bronca, Chujie, Chen, Dmitry, Chirkin, Koun, Choi, Bryanlee, Clark, Kenneth, Clark, Lew, Classen, Alan, Coleman, Gabriel, Collin, Conrad, J. M., Paul, Coppin, Pablo, Correa, Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Christian, Dappen, Pranav, Dave, Catherine DE CLERCQ, James, Delaunay, Hans, Dembinski, Kunal, Deoskar, Sam De Ridder, Abhishek, Desai, Paolo, Desiati, Krijn de Vries, Gwenhaël de Wasseige, Meike De With, Tyce, Deyoung, Sukeerthi, Dharani, Alejandro, Diaz, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Markus, Dittmer, Hrvoje, Dujmovic, Matt, Dunkman, Michael, Duvernois, Emily, Dvorak, Thomas, Ehrhardt, Philipp, Eller, Ralph, Engel, Hannah, Erpenbeck, John, Evans, Evenson, P. A., Kwok Lung Fan, Fazely, A. R., Sebastian, Fiedlschuster, Aaron, Fienberg, Kirill, Filimonov, Chad, Finley, Leander, Fischer, Derek, B Fox, Anna, Franckowiak, Elizabeth, Friedman, Alexander, Fritz, Philipp, Furst, Gaisser, T. K., Jay, Gallagher, Erik, Ganster, Alfonso, Garcia, Simone, Garrappa, Gerhardt, L., Ava, Ghadimi, Christian, Glaser, Theo, Glauch, Thorsten, Glusenkamp, Goldschmidt, A., Javier, Gonzalez, Sreetama, Goswami, Darren, Grant, Timoth('(e))e, Gr('(e))goire, Spencer, Griswold, Mehmet, Gunduz, Christoph, Günther, Christian, Haack, Allan, Hallgren, Halliday, R., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Martin Ha Minh, Kael, Hanson, John, Hardin, Harnisch, Alexander A., Andreas, Haungs, Simon, Hauser, Dustin, Hebecker, Helbing, K., Felix, Henningsen, Hettinger, Emma C., Stephanie, Hickford, Joshua, Hignight, Colton, Hill, Hill, G. C., Kara, Hoffman, Ruth, Hoffmann, Tobias, Hoinka, Benjamin, Hokanson-Fasig, Hoshina, K., Feifei, Huang, Matthias, Huber, Thomas, Huber, Klas, Hultqvist, Mirco, Hunnefeld, Raamis, Hussain, Seongjin, In, Nad(`(e))ge, Iovine, Aya, Ishihara, Matti, Jansson, George, Japaridze, Minjin, Jeong, Ben, Jones, Donghwa, Kang, Woosik, Kang, Xinyue, Kang, Alexander, Kappes, David, Kappesser, Timo, Karg, Martina, Karl, Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Moritz, Kellermann, Kelley, J. L., Ali, Kheirandish, Ken( extquotesingle)ichi Kin, Thomas, Kintscher, Joanna, Kiryluk, Spencer, Klein, Ramesh, Koirala, Hermann, Kolanoski, Tomas, Kontrimas, Lutz, Kopke, Claudio, Kopper, Sandro, Kopper, Koskinen, D. J., Paras, Koundal, Michael, Kovacevich, Marek, Kowalski, Tetiana, Kozynets, Emma, Kun, Naoko, Kurahashi, Neha, Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, Justin, Lanfranchi, Michael, J Larson, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jeffrey, Lazar, Jiwoong, Lee, Kayla, Leonard, Agnieszka, Leszczy('(n))ska, Yijia, Li, Massimiliano, Lincetto, Qinrui, Liu, Maria, Liubarska, Elisa, Lohfink, Cristian Jesus Lozano Mariscal, Lu, Lu, Francesco, Lucarelli, Andrew, Ludwig, William, Luszczak, Yang, Lyu, Wing Yan Ma, James, Madsen, Kendall, Mahn, Yuya, Makino, Sarah, Mancina, Ioana Codrina Maris, Maruyama, Reina H., Mase, K., Thomas, Mcelroy, Frank, Mcnally, James Vincent Mead, Meagher, K., Andres, Medina, Maximilian, Meier, Stephan, Meighen-Berger, Jessie, Micallef, Daniela, Mockler, Teresa, Montaruli, Roger, Moore, Morse, R., Marjon, Moulai, Richard, Naab, Ryo, Nagai, Uwe, Naumann, Jannis, Necker, Le Viet Nguyen, Hans, Niederhausen, Mehr, Nisa, Sarah, Nowicki, Dave, Nygren, Anna Obertacke Pollmann, Marie, Oehler, Olivas, A., Erin O( extquotesingle)Sullivan, Hershal, Pandya, Daria, Pankova, Nahee, Park, Grant, Parker, Ek Narayan Paudel, Larissa, Paul, Carlos Perez de los Heros, Lilly, Peters, Saskia, Philippen, Damian, Pieloth, Sarah, Pieper, Martin, Pittermann, Pizzuto, A., Plum, M., Yuiry, Popovych, Alessio, Porcelli, Maria Prado Rodriguez, Buford Price, P., Brandom, Pries, Gerald, Przybylski, Christoph, Raab, Amirreza, Raissi, Mohamed, Rameez, Rawlins, K., Immacolata Carmen Rea, Abdul, Rehman, Ren('(e)), Reimann, Giovanni, Renzi, Elisa, Resconi, Simeon, Reusch, Mike, Richman, Benedikt, Riedel, Ella, Roberts, Sally, Robertson, Gerrit, Roellinghoff, Martin, Rongen, Carsten, Rott, Tim, Ruhe, Dirk, Ryckbosch, Devyn Rysewyk Cantu, Ibrahim, Safa, Julian, Saffer, Sebastian Sanchez Herrera, Alexander, Sandrock, Joakim, Sandroos, Marcos, Santander, Subir, Sarkar, Sourav, Sarkar, Maximilian Karl Scharf, Merlin, Schaufel, Harald, Schieler, Sebastian, Schindler, Schlunder, P., Torsten, Schmidt, Austin, Schneider, Judith, Schneider, Schröder, Frank G., Lisa Johanna Schumacher, Georg, Schwefer, Steve, Sclafani, Seckel, D., Surujhdeo, Seunarine, Ankur, Sharma, Shefali, Shefali, Manuel, Silva, Barbara, Skrzypek, Ben, Smithers, Robert, Snihur, Jan, Soedingrekso, Dennis, Soldin, Christian, Spannfellner, Glenn, Spiczak, Christian, Spiering, Juliana, Stachurska, Michael, Stamatikos, Stanev, T., Robert, Stein, Joeran, Stettner, Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Timo, Sturwald, Thomas, Stuttard, Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Frederik, Tenholt, Samvel, Ter-Antonyan, Tilav, S., Franziska, Tischbein, Kirsten, Tollefson, Christoph, Tönnis, Simona, Toscano, Delia, Tosi, Alexander, Trettin, Maria, Tselengidou, Chunfai, Tung, Andrea, Turcati, Roxanne, Turcotte, Colin, Turley, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, Bunheng, Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, Nora, Valtonen-Mattila, Justin, Vandenbroucke, Nick van Eijndhoven, David, Vannerom, Jakob van Santen, Stef, Verpoest, Matthias, Vraeghe, Walck, C., Timothyblake, Watson, Chris, Weaver, Philip, Weigel, Andreas, Weindl, Matthew, Weiss, Jan, Weldert, Chris, Wendt, Johannes, Werthebach, Mark, Weyrauch, Nathan, Whitehorn, Wiebusch, C. H., Dawn, Williams, Martin, Wolf, Kurt, Woschnagg, Gerrit, Wrede, Johan, Wulff, Xianwu, Xu, Yiqian, Xu, Juan Pablo Yanez, Yoshida, S., Shiqi, Yu, Tianlu, Yuan, Zelong, Zhang, Weidong, Jin, Hassan, Abdalla, Felix, Aharonian, Faical, Ait-Benkhali, Oguzhan, Anguener, Cornelia, Arcaro, Celine, Armand, Tom, Armstrong, Halim, Ashkar, Michael, Backes, Vardan, Baghmanyan, Victor Barbosa Martins, Anna, Barnacka, Monica, Barnard, Rowan, Batzofin, Yvonne, Becherini, David, Berge, Konrad, Bernlöhr, Baiyang, Bi, Markus, Boettcher, Catherine, Boisson, Julien, Bolmont, Mathieu de Bony, Mischa, Breuhaus, Robert, Brose, Francois, Brun, Tomasz, Bulik, Thomas, Bylund, Floriane, Cangemi, Sami, Caroff, Sabrina, Casanova, Jaqueline, Catalano, Pauline, Chambery, Tej Bahadur Chand, Andrew, Chen, Garret, Cotter, Malgorzata, Curlo, Jean Damascene Mbarubucyeye, Isak Delberth Davids, James, Davies, Justine, Devin, Arache, Djannati-Ataï, Anton, Dmytriiev, Axel, Donath, Victor, Doroshenko, Lente, Dreyer, Louis Du Plessis, Connor, Duffy, Kathrin, Egberts, Sabrina, Einecke, Gabriel, Emery, Jean-Pierre, Ernenwein, Steven, Fegan, Kirsty, Feijen, Armand, Fiasson, Gaëtan Fichet de Clairfontaine, Gerard, Fontaine, Lott, Frans, Matthias, Fuessling, Stefan, Funk, Stefano, Gabici, Yves, Gallant, Shahede, Ghafourizade, Gianluca, Giavitto, Luca, Giunti, Dorit, Glawion, Jean-Francois, Glicenstein, Marie-H('(e))l(`(e))ne, Grondin, Sumari, Hattingh, Maria, Haupt, German, Hermann, Jim, Hinton, Werner, Hofmann, Clemens, Hoischen, Tim, Holch, Markus, Holler, Dieter, Horns, Zhiqiu, Huang, David, Huber, Mario, Hörbe, Marek, Jamrozy, Felix, Jankowsky, Vikas, Joshi, Ira, Jung, Eli, Kasai, Krzysztof, Katarzynski, Ul(`(i)), Katz, Dmitry, Khangulyan, Bruno, Khelifi, Stefan, Klepser, Wlodek, Kluzniak, Nukri, Komin, Ruslan, Konno, Karl, Kosack, Dmitriy, Kostunin, Michael, Kreter, Ga( (s))per Kukec Mezek, Anu, Kundu, Giovanni, Lamanna, S('(e))bastien Le Stum, Anne, Lemiere, Marianne, Lemoine-Goumard, Jean-Philippe, Lenain, Fabian, Leuschner, Christelle, Levy, Thomas, Lohse, Anna, Luashvili, Iryna, Lypova, Jonathan, Mackey, Jhilik, Majumdar, Denys, Malyshev, Dmitry, Malyshev, Vincent, Marandon, Paolo, Marchegiani, Alexandre, Marcowith, Arnaud, Mares, Guillem Marti( extquotesingle)i-Devesa, Ramin, Marx, Gilles, Maurin, Pieter, Meintjes, Manuel, Meyer, Alison, Mitchell, Rafal, Moderski, Lars, Mohrmann, Alessandro, Montanari, Chris, Moore, Paul, Morris, Emmanuel, Moulin, Jacques, Muller, Thomas, Murach, Kaori, Nakashima, Mathieu Naurois (de), Amid, Nayerhoda, Hambeleleni, Ndiyavala, Jacek, Niemiec, Angel, Noel, Paul O( extquotesingle)Brien, Laenita Lorraine Oberholzer, Stefan, Ohm, Laura, Olivera-Nieto, Emma Ona-Wilhelmi (de), Michal, Ostrowski, Sebastian, Panny, Michael, Panter, Dan, Parsons, Giada, Peron, Santiago, Pita, Vincent, Poireau, Dmitry, Prokhorov, Heike, Prokoph, Gerd, Puehlhofer, Michael, Punch, Andreas, Quirrenbach, Patrick, Reichherzer, Anita, Reimer, Olaf, Reimer, Quentin, Remy, Matthieu, Renaud, Brian, Reville, Frank, Rieger, Carlo, Romoli, Gavin, Rowell, Bronislaw, Rudak, Hector Rueda Ricarte, Edna Ruiz Velasco, Vardan, Sahakian, Simon, Sailer, Heiko, Salzmann, David, Sanchez, Andrea, Santangelo, Manami, Sasaki, Johannes, Schaefer, Hester, Schutte, Ullrich, Schwanke, Fabian, Schüssler, Mohanraj, Senniappan, Albert, Seyffert, Shapopi, Jimmy N. S., Kleopas, Shiningayamwe, Rachel, Simoni, Atreyee, Sinha, Helene, Sol, Hugh, Spackman, Andreas, Specovius, Samuel Timothy Spencer, Marion, Spir-Jacob, Lukasz, Stawarz, Riaan, Steenkamp, Christian, Stegmann, Simon, Steinmassl, Constantin, Steppa, Lei, Sun, Tadayuki, Takahashi, Takaaki, Tanaka, Thomas, Tavernier, Andrew, Taylor, Regis, Terrier, Hannes, Thiersen, Charles, Thorpe-Morgan, Martin, Tluczykont, Lenka, Tomankova, Michelle, Tsirou, Naomi, Tsuji, Richard, Tuffs, Yasunobu, Uchiyama, Johann van der Walt, Christopher van Eldik, Carlo van Rensburg, Brian van Soelen, George, Vasileiadis, Johannes, Veh, Christo, Venter, Pascal, Vincent, Jacco, Vink, Völk, Heinrich J., Stefan, Wagner, Jason John Watson, Felix, Werner, Richard, White, Alicja, Wierzcholska, Yu Wun Wong, Hend, Yassin, Anke, Yusafzai, Michael, Zacharias, Roberta, Zanin, Davit, Zargaryan, Andrzej, Zdziarski, Andreas, Zech, Sylvia, Zhu, Andreas, Zmija, Samuel, Zouari, Natalia, Zywucka, The FACT Collaboration, The H.E.S.S. Collaboration, The IceCube Collaboration, The MAGIC Collaboration, The VERITAS Collaboration, and Współautorami artykułu są członkowie Magic Collaboration, IceCube Collaboration, FACT Collaboration, H.E.S.S. Collaboration, VERITAS Collaboration w liczbie 808

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, IACT, Astrophysics, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, HESS - Abteilung Hinton, ddc:530, High Energy Physics::Experiment, MAGIC (telescope), Neutrino, Blazar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The realtime follow-up of neutrino events is a promising approach to search for astrophysical neutrino sources. It has so far provided compelling evidence for a neutrino point source: the flaring gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 observed in coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A detected by IceCube. The detection of very-high-energy gamma rays (VHE, $\mathrm{E} > 100\,\mathrm{GeV}$) from this source helped establish the coincidence and constrained the modeling of the blazar emission at the time of the IceCube event. The four major imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays (IACTs) - FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS - operate an active follow-up program of target-of-opportunity observations of neutrino alerts sent by IceCube. This program has two main components. One are the observations of known gamma-ray sources around which a cluster of candidate neutrino events has been identified by IceCube (Gamma-ray Follow-Up, GFU). Second one is the follow-up of single high-energy neutrino candidate events of potential astrophysical origin such as IceCube-170922A. GFU has been recently upgraded by IceCube in collaboration with the IACT groups. We present here recent results from the IACT follow-up programs of IceCube neutrino alerts and a description of the upgraded IceCube GFU system., Presented at the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021). See arXiv:2107.06966 for all IceCube contributions. See arXiv:2108.05257 for all H.E.S.S. contributions

Published
2022

14. Effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction to teach vocabulary to students with mild Intellectual Disability

Author

Burt, Kenneth Clark and Burt, Kenneth Clark

Abstract

Students with mild Intellectual Disability (ID) may have significant vocabulary knowledge gaps as compared to typically developing students because of limitations in their phonological loop, the part of working memory that processes language. This limits their academic growth and participation in employment and society post-school. This dissertation investigates the effectiveness of delivering a rich vocabulary intervention consisting of association, comprehension, and generation tasks based on Stahl’s Depth of Processing model delivered via a web-based Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) system designed using Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning. The original contribution to knowledge is that students with mild ID can make long-term vocabulary knowledge gains through a rich vocabulary intervention that manages cognitive load and delivered through CAI. A Design-Based Research methodology was used to test and refine an intervention implemented at a special school for students with mild ID in Victoria, Australia. A mixed methods approach captured quantitative knowledge gains from before and after the intervention and qualitative data in the form of teacher interviews, student focus groups, and observation notes. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 compared a rich vocabulary intervention design delivered using CAI versus traditional instruction. Study 2 was designed based on feedback from Study 1 and delivered the rich vocabulary intervention via CAI compared to a blended model of instruction. In the blended model association and comprehension tasks were delivered via CAI and generation tasks were delivered via traditional instruction. This thesis demonstrates that students with a mild ID can learn new vocabulary through a rich and robust intervention that includes deep-thinking tasks delivered via a computer and, importantly, that they can retain new knowledge five months later. Despite the purported benefits of multimedia’s moving images, audio, and intera

Published
2022

15. Mars 2020 Lander Vision System Flight Performance

Author

Andrew E. Johnson, Seth B. Aaron, Homayoon Ansari, Charles Bergh, Helene Bourdu, Jim Butler, Johnny Chang, Richard Cheng, Yang Cheng, Kenneth Clark, Daniel Clouse, Rob Donnelly, Kim Gostelow, William Jay, Michael Jordan, Swati Mohan, James Montgomery, Jack Morrison, Steven Schroeder, Boris Shenker, George Sun, Nikolas Trawny, Carson Umsted, Geoffrey Vaughan, Michael Ravine, Jacob Schaffner, Joe Shamah, and Jason Zheng

Published
2022

16. Searching for Dark Matter from the Sun with the IceCube Detector

Author

Lisa Johanna Schumacher, Elisa Lohfink, Javier Gonzalez, Roxanne Turcotte, Catherine De Clercq, Michael DuVernois, Barbara Skrzypek, Larissa Paul, Naoko Kurahashi, Frank G. Schröder, Thomas McElroy, Erin O'Sullivan, S. Böser, Gerald Przybylski, Jakob van Santen, Shiqi Yu, Federica Bradascio, Alexander Burgman, Simeon Reusch, K. Meagher, Mehr Nisa, Benedikt Riedel, Stephanie Hickford, Delia Tosi, Sebastian Baur, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, Sreetama Goswami, Ken'ichi Kin, Ryan Burley, A. Steuer, Qinrui Liu, Martina Karl, Raamis Hussain, Aaron Fienberg, John Evans, Amirreza Raissi, U. Katz, Sally Robertson, Judith Schneider, Andres Medina, Donghwa Kang, Merlin Schaufel, Dawn Williams, Martin Pittermann, Chris Weaver, Stephanie Bron, K. Hoshina, Hrvoje Dujmovic, Jurgen Borowka, Benjamin Bastian, Anastasia Maria Barbano, Brian Clark, Sebastian Sanchez Herrera, Glenn Spiczak, Zelong Zhang, Michael Stamatikos, Jan Soedingrekso, P. Schlunder, John Hardin, Spencer Axani, Kael Hanson, Saskia Philippen, D. F. Cowen, A. Goldschmidt, Julia Becker Tjus, Markus Ahlers, Martin Unland Elorrieta, Shefali Shefali, C. Walck, Alfonso Garcia, Ankur Sharma, Jeffrey Lazar, Le Viet Nguyen, J. J. Beatty, Tianlu Yuan, Matthias Vraeghe, Torsten Schmidt, Abdul Rehman, Carsten Rott, Dave Nygren, Mohamed Rameez, Cyril Martin Alispach, Karen Andeen, Felix Henningsen, Tyler Anderson, Surujhdeo Seunarine, Thomas K. Gaisser, Timo Karg, Hermann Kolanoski, Carlos Arguelles, Lutz Kopke, Chiara Bellenghi, Thomas Kintscher, Maximilian Meier, Jessie Micallef, Juan Pablo Yanez, IceCube, Josh Peterson, Emma Kun, Paolo Desiati, Matthias Huber, Juanan Aguilar, Lenka Tomankova, Yosuke Ashida, A. R. Fazely, J. L. Kelley, Kenneth Clark, Aya Ishihara, Matthew Weiss, Yuiry Popovych, Kirill Filimonov, Pranav Dave, Maximilian Karl Scharf, Alejandro Diaz, Krijn de Vries, Stef Verpoest, Andreas Weindl, Jenni Adams, Xianwu Xu, Jay Gallagher, Minjin Jeong, K.-H. Becker, Ruth Hoffmann, Kwok Lung Fan, Alexander Fritz, Colin Turley, Erik Ganster, Najia Moureen Binte Amin, Uwe Naumann, T. Stanev, Yiqian Xu, Emma C. Hettinger, Matt Dunkman, Federico Bontempo, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, Marcos Santander, Francesco Lucarelli, Maria Liubarska, Ramesh Koirala, Dennis Soldin, Martin Ha Minh, Hans Dembinski, Erin Carnie-Bronca, Harald Schieler, K. Rawlins, Christian Glaser, Simona Toscano, Christian Spiering, Manuel Silva, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, Ben Jones, Alan Coleman, Gisela Anton, Maria Prado Rodriguez, Devyn Rysewyk Cantu, Gwenhaël de Wasseige, D. Z. Besson, Reina H. Maruyama, R. Halliday, Daniel Bindig, Georg Schwefer, L. Gerhardt, James Vincent Mead, Thomas Stuttard, Ryo Nagai, A. Olivas, E. Blaufuss, T. Stezelberger, Sarah Pieper, Markus Dittmer, Jannis Necker, Tetiana Kozynets, Neha Lad, Dirk Ryckbosch, Elizabeth Friedman, Chad Finley, Rasha Abbasi, Summer Blot, Matthias Boddenberg, Ibrahim Safa, Daria Pankova, Damian Pieloth, Ali Kheirandish, Sarah Mancina, Gerrit Roellinghoff, Stephan Meighen-Berger, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, Kurt Woschnagg, Simon Hauser, Anna Franckowiak, Tobias Hoinka, Vedant Basu, James Madsen, Thorsten Glusenkamp, Massimiliano Lincetto, Lu Lu, Paul Evenson, S. Yoshida, I. Taboada, Dustin Hebecker, Nathan Whitehorn, Steve Sclafani, Klas Hultqvist, Joanna Kiryluk, Christoph Tönnis, Sally-Ann Browne, Brandom Pries, Mirco Hunnefeld, Marie Oehler, Segev BenZvi, Timothée Grégoire, Paras Koundal, Mike Richman, Colton Hill, Carlos Perez de los Heros, Gabriel Collin, Simone Garrappa, Dmitry Chirkin, Johan Wulff, Jan Weldert, Etienne Bourbeau, Spencer Klein, Julian Saffer, Chris Wendt, Sebastian Schindler, Michael Kovacevich, Pablo Correa, S. Tilav, Teresa Montaruli, Christoph Günther, Alexander Kappes, Michael Campana, Emily Dvorak, Cristian Jesus Lozano Mariscal, Kendall Mahn, K. Helbing, Elisa Bernardini, Tomas Kontrimas, Christian Dappen, Justin Vandenbroucke, Timothyblake Watson, Yijia Li, Sourav Sarkar, Benjamin Hokanson-Fasig, L. Halve, Philipp Eller, Christian Spannfellner, R. Morse, Frank McNally, Chunfai Tung, Olga Botner, Jakob Bottcher, Kara Hoffman, D. J. Koskinen, Antonio Augusto Alves Junior, Chujie Chen, Raffaela Busse, Anna Obertacke Pollmann, Yang Lyu, Joeran Stettner, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, Grant Parker, Philip Weigel, M. Plum, Mehmet Gunduz, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, R. C. Bay, Hershal Pandya, Martin Rongen, Wolfgang Rhode, Spencer Griswold, Maryon Ahrens, Joshua Hignight, Timo Sturwald, Frederik Tenholt, Wing Yan Ma, Feifei Huang, Hannah Erpenbeck, Konstancja Satalecka, Theo Glauch, Xinhua Bai, Austin Schneider, Abhishek Desai, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Robert Stein, Maria Tselengidou, James DeLaunay, Marjon Moulai, Ava Ghadimi, Martin Wolf, Franziska Tischbein, Hans Niederhausen, Robert A. Cross, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Koun Choi, Andrew Ludwig, Justin Lanfranchi, Ben Smithers, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, Jiwoong Lee, Rui An, Nahee Park, Darren Grant, Derek B Fox, Immacolata Carmen Rea, Sarah Nowicki, Andreas Haungs, Robert Snihur, C. H. Wiebusch, Kunal Deoskar, A. Karle, Ioana Codrina Maris, Sam De Ridder, Christoph Raab, Nadège Iovine, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Bunheng Ty, Patrick Reichherzer, Ralph Engel, Moritz Kellermann, Giovanni Renzi, D. Seckel, Tyce DeYoung, George Japaridze, Roger Moore, Woosik Kang, Richard Naab, Marek Kowalski, Seongjin In, Elisa Resconi, Jan Conrad, K. Mase, Yuya Makino, Alessio Porcelli, Alexander A. Harnisch, Nick van Eijndhoven, Lew Classen, René Reimann, Leander Fischer, Thomas Ehrhardt, Christian Haack, Alexander Sandrock, Kirsten Tollefson, Kayla Leonard, Alexander Trettin, Sukeerthi Dharani, Francis Halzen, Lilly Peters, Juliana Stachurska, V Aswathi Balagopal, Gerrit Wrede, Johannes Werthebach, Thomas Huber, Ek Narayan Paudel, Michael J Larson, Allan Hallgren, Sandro Kopper, William Luszczak, M. Kauer, David Kappesser, Matti Jansson, P. Buford Price, Mark Weyrauch, Joakim Sandroos, Daniela Mockler, G. W. Sullivan, James E. Braun, Philipp Furst, Tim Ruhe, Paul Coppin, Andrea Turcati, Ella Roberts, Alex Pizzuto, Gary Binder, Xinyue Kang, Claudio Kopper, Subir Sarkar, and David Vannerom

Subjects
Physics, Dark matter, Detector, Astronomy
Published
2021

17. Optical analysis of the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) site using data from the first pathfinder mooring

Author

Nicolai Bailly, Meghan Tomlin, Akanksha Katil, Immacolata Carmen Rea, Matthew Ens, Ian Kulin, Kenneth Clark, Reyna Jenkyns, Thomas McElroy, Seann Wagner, Dirk Brussow, Rowan Fox, Fabio C. De Leo, J. Michel, C. B. Krauss, Jeff Bosma, Ryan Hotte, Hamish Johnson, Christian Spannfellner, Beckey Croteau, Claudio Kopper, Roger Moore, M. Böhmer, Adrian Round, Benoit Pirenne, Laszlo Papp, Matt Tradewell, Jakub Stacho, Felix Henningsen, Kilian Holzapfel, Michael Morley, Nathan Deis, Stephan Meighen-Berger, Elisa Resconi, Sally P. Leys, Darren Grant, Jeannette Bedard, Michael Traxler, Ross Timmerman, Mark Rankin, Tom Qiu, Tony T.Y. Lin, Albert Ruskey, Juan Pablo Yanez, Helen He, Ryan Rutley, Christian Fruck, Matthias Danninger, Matt Uganecz, Andreas Gartner, Yinsong Zheng, Roman Gernhäuser, Paul Macoun, Jonathan Cheng, and Klaus Leismüller

Subjects
Oceanography, Pathfinder, Neutrino, Mooring, Pacific ocean, Geology
Published
2021

18. Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE): prototype line development

Author

Nicolai Bailly, Helen He, Jonathan Cheng, Meghan Tomlin, Jakub Stacho, Christian Spannfellner, Felix Henningsen, Immacolata Carmen Rea, Roger Moore, Jeannette Bedard, Benoit Pirenne, Jeff Bosma, Matthias Danninger, Akanksha Katil, Kenneth Clark, Ryan Rutley, Beckey Croteau, Fabio C. De Leo, Kilian Holzapfel, Laszlo Papp, M. Böhmer, Thomas McElroy, Adrian Round, Elisa Resconi, Matt Tradewell, Sally P. Leys, Darren Grant, Hamish Johnson, Tom Qiu, Michael Traxler, Matthew Ens, Klaus Leismüller, Ryan Hotte, Yinsong Zheng, Dirk Brussow, Stephan Meighen-Berger, Seann Wagner, Michael Morley, Nathan Deis, Tony T.Y. Lin, J. Michel, Ross Timmerman, Ian Kulin, Albert Ruskey, Juan Pablo Yanez, Reyna Jenkyns, C. B. Krauss, Mark Rankin, Claudio Kopper, Matt Uganecz, Andreas Gartner, Roman Gernhäuser, Christian Fruck, Rowan Fox, and Paul Macoun

Subjects
Astronomy, Neutrino, Line (text file), Pacific ocean, Geology
Published
2021

19. Performance of a Subsonic Compressor Airfoil With Upstream, End-Wall Injection Flow

Author

Andrew Oliva, Scott C. Morris, Aleksandar Jemcov, Kenneth Clark, Aaron J. Pope, Mark A. Stephens, and Lisa I. Brilliant

Subjects
Airfoil, Gas turbines, Suction, Pressure measurement, law, Flow (psychology), Upstream (networking), Mechanics, Gas compressor, law.invention
Abstract

The performance of a compressor stator airfoil with end-wall injection was studied experimentally and computationally. The geometry was a high-speed, subsonic, linear cascade. The independent variables studied were airfoil incidence angle and mass flow rate of end-wall injection upstream of the stator. The end-wall injection was intended to simulate upstream “leakage” through hardware gaps in the end-walls of gas-turbine engines. The exit of the cascade was interrogated experimentally by a five-hole-probe and a total pressure Kiel probe to provide total pressure measurements, which were used to calculate total pressure loss coefficients at the exit of the test section. Computational studies were completed to examine the end-wall flow physics and entropy generating mechanisms through the stator section. The experimental results showed a distinct decrease in the downstream total pressure field with end-wall injection flow, and the impact of the upstream injection on the stator loss coefficient was not a function of the incidence angle. The computational investigation found that the majority of the end-wall injection’s effect on the downstream total pressure field was observed as an increase in the size of the secondary flows on the suction-side of the stator near the upper end-wall.

Published
2021

20. Determinants of Top Speed Sprinting: Minimum Requirements for Maximum Velocity

Author

Kenneth Clark

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, General Materials Science, Instrumentation, Computer Science Applications
Abstract

Faster top sprinting speeds require shorter ground contact times, larger vertical forces, and greater thigh angular velocities and accelerations. Here, a framework using fundamental kinematic and kinetic relationships is presented that explores the effect of body dimensions on these mechanical determinants of sprinting performance. The analysis is applied to three hypothetical runners of different leg lengths to illustrate how these mechanical determinants of speed vary with body dimensions. Specific attention is focused on how the following variables scale with leg length and top speed: ground contact time, step rate, step length, ratio of step length to leg length, ratio of vertical force to body weight, total thigh range of motion, average thigh angular velocity, and maximum thigh angular acceleration. The analysis highlights the inherent biological tradeoffs that interplay to govern the optimal dimensions for sprinting speed and underscores that accounting for leg length may facilitate interpretation in future investigations examining the relationship between these mechanical variables and top speed. Furthermore, for athletes with given body dimensions and sprinting performance goals, this framework could help to establish the minimum requirements for maximum velocity.

Published
2022

21. Poster 240: Pediatric Meniscal Repair Patients are Ready to Return to Sport Six Months after Surgery According to Isokinetic Dynamometry Testing: A Retrospective Review

Author

Kenneth Clark, Caroline Brunst, Alex Dibartola, Parker Cavendish, Eric Milliron, Christopher Kaeding, Robert Duerr, Robert Magnussen, David Flanigan, and Steven Swinehart

Subjects
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Abstract

Objectives: The incidence of meniscal injures in the pediatric population has been increasing over the past decade. This is likely due to more rigorous athletic activity, earlier sports specialization, year-round competition, and increasing awareness of and screening for these injuries. Many meniscal tears occur during sporting activity, and the goal of surgery is to return an athlete to play (RTP). Strength symmetry is a RTP criteria when considering return to cutting and pivoting sports. Isokinetic dynamometry testing is often done for ACL reconstruction recovery but there is currently little literature on its use in meniscal repair protocols for RTP. The purpose of this study was to establish appropriate knowledge and expectations for RTP following meniscal repair in patients ages 18 and under. It was hypothesized that patients would not meet RTP criteria based on dynamometry testing at four months post-op, but would at six months post-op. Methods: Electronic medical records were reviewed to identify patients who underwent meniscus repair at a single academic institution between 2009 and 2018. Patients were included if 18 years of age or under at the time of surgery and had concurrently undergone dynamometry testing at 4 and 6 months post-operatively. Records were reviewed for demographic data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and sports played. Isokinetic dynamometry testing measured quadriceps and hamstring strength at 60°/sec and 300°/sec (ft/lbs). Limb symmetry index (LSI (%)) was calculated [(involved/uninvolved) x 100%] and eligibility for RTP was deemed an LSI >85%. Results: A total of 473 patients were identified who underwent meniscus repair and dynamometry testing. Twenty-three patients met all inclusion criteria for analysis. The mean age was 16±1.24 years, with sex distribution being 52% male and 48% female. The mean BMI of 24.3±4.47. Athletes participated in the following sports (Tegner Activity Scale: 7 or higher): basketball, football, soccer, lacrosse, wrestling, volleyball, softball, track and field; including three multi-sport athletes. 83% of patients had concurrent ligamentous reconstruction at the time of meniscus surgery. Conclusions: Only 50% of patients with isolated meniscus repair met RTP criteria at 4 months. However, 75% or greater met criteria at 6 months (Table 1). Additionally, patients with a concurrent ligamentous repair were challenged to meet RTP criteria at both time points. These data suggest that formal physical therapy for greater than 6 months is beneficial to achieve suggested RTP strength criteria for those with isolated meniscus repair; furthermore, those with meniscal repair and concurrent ligamentous reconstruction will require longer episodes of care to meet RTP criteria. Future studies are needed to examine factors that lead to earlier RTP, such as; type of tear, type of sport, level of competition, and quadriceps/hamstring strength prior to surgery. [Table: see text][Table: see text]

Published
2022

22. Supplementary material to 'Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database'

Author

Rafael Poyatos, Víctor Granda, Víctor Flo, Mark A. Adams, Balázs Adorján, David Aguadé, Marcos P.M. Aidar, Scott Allen, M. Susana Alvarado-Barrientos, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, Luiza Maria Aparecido, M. Altaf Arain, Ismael Aranda, Heidi Asbjornsen, Robert Baxter, Eric Beamesderfer, Z. Carter Berry, Daniel Berveiller, Bethany Blakely, Johnny Boggs, Gil Bohrer, Paul V. Bolstad, Damien Bonal, Rosvel Bracho, Patricia Brito, Jason Brodeur, Fernando Casanoves, Jérôme Chave, Hui Chen, Cesar Cisneros, Kenneth Clark, Edoardo Cremonese, Jorge S. David, Teresa S. David, Nicolas Delpierre, Ankur R. Desai, Frederic C. Do, Michal Dohnal, Jean-Christophe Domec, Sebinasi Dzikiti, Colin Edgar, Rebekka Eichstaedt, Tarek S. El-Madany, Jan Elbers, Cleiton B. Eller, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Brent Ewers, Patrick Fonti, Alicia Forner, David I. Forrester, Helber C. Freitas, Marta Galvagno, Omar Garcia-Tejera, Chandra Prasad Ghimire, Teresa E. Gimeno, John Grace, André Granier, Anne Griebel, Yan Guangyu, Mark B. Gush, Paul Hanson, Niles J. Hasselquist, Ingo Heinrich, Virginia Hernandez-Santana, Valentine Herrmann, Teemu Hölttä, Friso Holwerda, Dang Hongzhong, James Irvine, Supat Isarangkool Na Ayutthaya, Paul G. Jarvis, Hubert Jochheim, Carlos A. Joly, Julia Kaplick, Hyun Seok Kim, Leif Klemedtsson, Heather Kropp, Fredrik Lagergren, Patrick Lane, Petra Lang, Andrei Lapenas, Víctor Lechuga, Minsu Lee, Christoph Leuschner, Jean-Marc Limousin, Juan Carlos Linares, Maj-Lena Linderson, Andres Lindroth, Pilar Llorens, Álvaro López-Bernal, Michael M. Loranty, Dietmar Lüttschwager, Cate Macinnis-Ng, Isabelle Maréchaux, Timothy A. Martin, Ashley Matheny, Nate McDowell, Sean McMahon, Patrick Meir, Ilona Mészáros, Mirco Migliavacca, Patrick Mitchell, Meelis Mölder, Leonardo Montagnani, Georgianne W. Moore, Ryogo Nakada, Furong Niu, Rachael H. Nolan, Richard Norby, Kimberly Novick, Walter Oberhuber, Nikolaus Obojes, Christopher A. Oishi, Rafael S. Oliveira, Ram Oren, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Teemu Paljakka, Oscar Perez-Priego, Pablo L. Peri, Richard L. Peters, Sebastian Pfautsch, William T. Pockman, Yakir Preisler, Katherine Rascher, George Robinson, Humberto Rocha, Alain Rocheteau, Alexander Röll, Bruno Rosado, Lucy Rowland, Alexey V. Rubtsov, Santiago Sabaté, Yann Salmon, Roberto L. Salomón, Elisenda Sánchez-Costa, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Bernhard Schuldt, Alexandr Shashkin, Clément Stahl, Marko Stojanović, Juan Carlos Suárez, Ge Sun, Justyna Szatniewska, Fyodor Tatarinov, Miroslav Tesař, Frank M. Thomas, Pantana Tor-ngern, Josef Urban, Fernando Valladares, Christiaan van der Tol, Ilja van Meerveld, Andrej Varlagin, Holm Voigt, Jeffrey Warren, Christiane Werner, Willy Werner, Gerhard Wieser, Lisa Wingate, Stan Wullschleger, Koong Yi, Roman Zweifel, Kathy Steppe, Maurizio Mencuccini, and Jordi Martínez-Vilalta

Published
2020

23. Civilisation : Un point de vue personnel

Author

Kenneth Clark and Kenneth Clark

Abstract

Une sublime initiation à l'histoire de l'art européen et à l'essor de la conscience occidentale.Dans ce livre, l'un des plus grands esprits du XXe siècle dresse le portrait inégalé d'un millénaire de beauté européenne. De l'architecture à l'ingénierie, de la peinture à la musique, de la poésie à la philosophie, de l'Écosse à la Sicile, de la France aux Pays-Bas, de l'Italie à l'Allemagne, Kenneth Clark écrit le livre de l'admiration et de l'enthousiasme. Il y démontre que la civilisation vit tant qu'elle ajoute à notre humanité et notre dignité. Juchés à sa suite sur les épaules de génies, nous sentons à chaque page se dilater notre intellection et notre sensibilité. Et la leçon esthétique est une éthique : cette Civilisation éblouissante, telle la chaconne de Bach jouée par Yehudi Menuhin dans la chapelle Sixtine, semble terrasser le mal et le désespoir. A-t-elle jamais cessé d'être nécessaire?Redécouvrez le succès international paru en 1969 qui met en avant la beauté de l'art européen.À PROPOS DE L'AUTEURKenneth Clark (1903-1983) est un historien de l'art et auteur britannique. De 1934 à 1945, il fut le plus jeune directeur de la prestigieuse National Gallery à Londres. Après la guerre, il se consacra davantage à l'écriture et se fit connaître d'un large public grâce aux émissions sur l'art qu'il produisit et présenta à la BBC, dont la célèbre série Civilisation.

Published
2021

25. In-Orbit Performance of the GRACE Follow-on Laser Ranging Interferometer

Author

Jehhal Liu, Henry Wegener, Joseph Trinh, David C Barr, James Howell, Andrew J. Sutton, Daniel A. Shaddock, C. Bogan, Bernd Zender, Mike A Davis, Gerhard Heinzel, Micah Kruger, Duo Wang, Frank Gilles, Martin S. Gilbert, R. Flatscher, M Herding, Christopher Woodruff, Anton Lebeda, Mark Katsumura, Benjamin Sheard, Carl Christian Liebe, S. Dubovitsky, Katrin Dahl, Rabi T. Wang, Christoph Mahrdt, Daniel Schütze, Frank Heine, Marcus Zimmermann, Kenneth Clark, Steve Windisch, Nicolas Grossard, Philipp Hager, Michelle Stephens, Brian Bachman Okihiro, Jerome Hauden, Kameron Larsen, Karsten Danzmann, William M. Folkner, Christian Dahl, Brent Ware, Burghardt Guenther, Glenn de Vine, Robert Spero, Andreas Eckardt, Malte Misfeldt, Joshua Ravich, Claus Braxmaier, Gary D. Spiers, Arnold Lebeda, J. Reiche, Gretchen Reavis, Thomas Ester, Frank Flechtner, Martin Hinz, Alexander Koch, Alexander Abramovici, Jeffrey Dickson, Andreas Baatzsch, Christoph Seiter, Robert Pierce, Kai Voss, Marina Kaufer, K. Nicklaus, Kirk McKenzie, Michael J Burke, Klaus Abich, Maxime P Bize, Phillip R Morton, Alex Murray, Vitali Müller, T. Mangoldt, Lynette Lobmeyer, William Klipstein, Michael Sileo, Martin Gohlke, Germán Fernández Barranco, Don J Nguyen, Bengie Amparan, Thomas Leikert, G. Stede, Samuel Francis, and Josep Sanjuan

Subjects
heterodyne interferometry, Wavefronts, Orbits, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Degrees of freedom (mechanics), satelitte laser ranging, law.invention, Physics - Geophysics, Optics, law, Laser frequency, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, ddc:530, Spacecraft attitude, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Wavefront, Spacecraft, Interferometers, business.industry, Wave-front sensing, Ranging, Laser, Autonomous control, Gravity recovery and climate experiments, Geophysics (physics.geo-ph), Interferometry, Range measurements, Remote spacecraft, Laser interferometry, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Laser interferometric, Noise (radio), Microwave
Abstract

The Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) instrument on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-On mission has provided the first laser interferometric range measurements between remote spacecraft, separated by approximately 220 km. Autonomous controls that lock the laser frequency to a cavity reference and establish the 5 degrees of freedom two-way laser link between remote spacecraft succeeded on the first attempt. Active beam pointing based on differential wave front sensing compensates spacecraft attitude fluctuations. The LRI has operated continuously without breaks in phase tracking for more than 50 days, and has shown biased range measurements similar to the primary ranging instrument based on microwaves, but with much less noise at a level of 1 nm/Hz at Fourier frequencies above 100 mHz. © 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

Published
2019

26. Author Correction: The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment

Author

Immacolata Carmen Rea, Chuantao Qiu, Klaus Leismüller, Michael Morley, Felix Henningsen, Roger Moore, Paolo Padovani, Matthias Danninger, Claudio Kopper, Elisa Resconi, Kenneth Clark, Darren Grant, Michael Traxler, Andrea Turcati, M. Böhmer, Reyna Jenkyns, Andreas Gartner, Matthias Huber, Jeff Bosma, Matteo Agostini, Albert Ruskey, Juan Pablo Yanez, Stephan Meighen-Berger, C. B. Krauss, Christian Spannfellner, Sally P. Leys, Roman Gernhäuser, Benoit Pirenne, K. Krings, Christian Fruck, Laszlo Papp, J. Michel, Adrian Round, Kilian Holzapfel, and Paul Macoun

Subjects
Oceanography, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Neutrino, Pacific ocean, Geology
Published
2020

27. Effects of Purge Flow Configuration on Sealing Effectiveness in a Rotor–Stator Cavity

Author

Christopher Robak, Michael David Barringer, Dave Johnson, E. A. Grover, Karen A. Thole, and Kenneth Clark

Subjects
Gas turbines, Engineering drawing, Materials science, Stator, Flow (psychology), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Purge, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, symbols.namesake, 0203 mechanical engineering, law, 0103 physical sciences, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Rotor (electric), Mechanical Engineering, Reynolds number, Fuel Technology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Mach number, symbols, Gas compressor
Abstract

Secondary air is bled from the compressor in a gas turbine engine to cool turbine components and seal the cavities between stages. Unsealed cavities can lead to hot gas ingestion, which can degrade critical components or, in extreme cases, can be catastrophic to engines. For this study, a 1.5 stage turbine with an engine-realistic rim seal was operated at an engine-relevant axial Reynolds number, rotational Reynolds number, and Mach number. Purge flow was introduced into the interstage cavity through distinct purge holes for two different configurations. This paper compares the two configurations over a range of purge flow rates. Sealing effectiveness measurements, deduced from the use of CO2 as a flow tracer, indicated that the sealing characteristics were improved by increasing the number of uniformly distributed purge holes and improved by increasing levels of purge flow. For the larger number of purge holes, a fully sealed cavity was possible, while for the smaller number of purge holes, a fully sealed cavity was not possible. For this representative cavity model, sealing effectiveness measurements were compared with a well-accepted orifice model derived from simplified cavity models. Sealing effectiveness levels at some locations within the cavity were well-predicted by the orifice model, but due to the complexity of the realistic rim seal and the purge flow delivery, the effectiveness levels at other locations were not well-predicted.

Published
2018

30. Competitively Versus Cooperatively? An Analysis of the Effect of Gameplay on Human Emotions and Behaviors

Author

Lusene Donzo, Kenneth Clark, and Joon Suk Lee

Subjects
Facial expression, 05 social sciences, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, 050301 education, Behavioral pattern, 050801 communication & media studies, Preference, Competitive game, Mode (music), 0508 media and communications, Emotion recognition, Psychology, 0503 education, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

This research aims to explore the impact of cooperative or competitive gaming modes on players’ emotion and behaviors. We conducted a with-in subject study with 30 participants. Participants were asked to play a fighting game with a male research confederate in two different gameplay modes. We examined (1) self-reported preference, (2) changes in the gamers’ emotional states, (3) facial expression data captured by emotion recognition software, and (4) video recordings of the gaming sessions. The statistical results showed no significant differences. However, we were able to identify unique behavioral patterns shown in the competitive gameplay mode.

Published
2018

32. Effects of Purge Flow Configuration on Sealing Effectiveness in a Rotor-Stator Cavity

Author

Kenneth Clark, Michael Barringer, David Johnson, Karen Thole, Eric Grover, and Christopher Robak

Abstract

Secondary air is bled from the compressor in a gas turbine engine to cool turbine components and seal the cavities between stages. Unsealed cavities can lead to hot gas ingestion, which can degrade critical components or, in extreme cases, can be catastrophic to engines. For this study, a 1.5 stage turbine with an engine-realistic rim seal was operated at an engine-relevant axial Reynolds number, rotational Reynolds number, and Mach number. Purge flow was introduced into the inter-stage cavity through distinct purge holes for two different configurations. This paper compares the two configurations over a range of purge flow rates. Sealing effectiveness measurements, deduced from the use of CO2 as a flow tracer, indicated that the sealing characteristics were improved by increasing the number of uniformly distributed purge holes and improved by increasing levels of purge flow. For the larger number of purge holes, a fully sealed cavity was possible while for the smaller number of purge holes, a fully sealed cavity was not possible. For this representative cavity model, sealing effectiveness measurements were compared with a well-accepted orifice model derived from simplified cavity models. Sealing effectiveness levels at some locations within the cavity were well-predicted by the orifice model, but due to the complexity of the realistic rim seal and the purge flow delivery, the effectiveness levels at other locations were not well-predicted.

Published
2017

33. Histopathological examination of spine metastases after radiosurgery

Author

Nathan T. Zwagerman, Kenneth Clark, Peter C. Gerszten, John C. Flickinger, Stephanie H. Chen, Ronald L. Hamilton, and Edward A Monaco rd

Subjects
Spine (zoology), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine, Radiology, Histopathological examination, business, Radiosurgery
Published
2014

34. A Singular Case of Intracranial Sinus Histiocytosis without Massive Lymphadenopathy: Isolated Rosai-Dorfman Disease of the Hypothalamus

Author

Kenneth Clark, Srinivas Chivukula, Geoffrey Murdoch, and Johnathan A. Engh

Subjects
Brain Diseases, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Brain biopsy, Hypothalamus, Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy, medicine.disease, Histiocytosis, Cervical lymphadenopathy, medicine, Humans, Female, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Histiocytosis, Sinus, medicine.symptom, Differential diagnosis, Headaches, business, Abducens nerve, Rosai–Dorfman disease, Aged
Abstract

Background Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (also known as Rosai-Dorfman disease [RDD]) is a benign but chronic cervical lymphadenopathy associated with systemic inflammation. Although extranodal manifestations of RDD have been described, isolated central nervous system (CNS) involvement is exceedingly rare. Case Description We present the case of a 66-year-old woman who presented with 3 weeks of intermittent headaches, diplopia, and increasing confusion who was found on work-up to have isolated hypothalamic RDD, evidenced by a dense admixture of large histiocytic cells admixed with numerous small mature lymphocytes and some scattered plasma cells and neutrophils on stereotactic brain biopsy. Over 19 months of follow-up, neurologic examination continues to reveal stable bilateral partial abducens nerve palsies without diplopia, and a new gradual onset short-term memory loss. Interim treatment for the histiocytic lesion consisted of 10 cycles of external-beam radiation therapy along with high-dose steroids. The patient currently experiences minimal functional loss from treatment of her intracranial sinus histiocytosis, with a Karnofsky performance status of 80, and she remains without any disease involvement outside of the CNS. Conclusion Because misdiagnosis of a hypothalamic contrast-enhancing lesion could potentially lead to therapeutic mismanagement and poor outcomes, it is important to consider RDD in the differential diagnosis.

Published
2014

35. Cover

Author

Kenneth Clark

Published
1961

36. Index

Author

Kenneth Clark

Published
1961

37. Foreword

Author

Kenneth Clark

Published
1961

38. Preface

Author

Kenneth Clark

Published
1961

43. References

Author

Kenneth Clark

Published
1961

48. 1p/19q testing has no significance in the workup of glioblastomas

Author

Ronald L. Hamilton, Craig Horbinski, Kenneth Clark, Marina N. Nikiforova, and John L. Villano

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, IDH1, medicine.diagnostic_test, EGFR Amplification, Biology, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Loss of heterozygosity, Neurology, Physiology (medical), IDH1 Mutation, medicine, %22">Fish , Neurology (clinical), neoplasms, Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Glioblastoma
Abstract

Aims To determine whether testing for isolated 1p or 19q losses, or as a codeletion, has any significance in the workup of glioblastomas (GBMs). Methods Upfront 1p/19q testing by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was done in 491 gliomas that were histologically diagnosed as GBMs. Outcomes were determined and measured against 1p/19q results. Results Twenty-eight showed apparent 1p/19q codeletion by either FISH and/or PCR-based LOH, but only 1/26 showed codeletion by both tests. Over 90% of tumours with apparent codeletion by either FISH or LOH also had 10q LOH and/or EGFR amplification, features inversely related to true whole-arm 1p/19q codeletion. Furthermore, only 1/28 tumours demonstrated an R132H IDH1 mutation. Neither 1p/19q codeletion by FISH nor LOH had an impact on GBM survival. Isolated losses of 1p or 19q also had no impact on survival. Conclusions These data suggest that (i) 1p/19q testing is not useful on gliomas that are histologically GBMs; (ii) codeletion testing should be reserved only for cases with compatible morphology; and (iii) EGFR, 10q, and IDH1 testing can help act as safeguards against a false-positive 1p/19q result.

Published
2013

49. Using a Tracer Gas to Quantify Sealing Effectiveness for Engine Realistic Rim Seals

Author

Michael David Barringer, Christopher Robak, Kenneth Clark, Karen A. Thole, Curtis Memory, Paul J. Hiester, and Carey Clum

Subjects
Gas turbines, Engineering, Petroleum engineering, business.industry, TRACER, business, Durability
Abstract

As overall pressure ratios increase in gas turbine engines, both the main gas path and cooling temperatures increase leading to component durability concerns. At the same time effective use of the secondary air for both cooling and sealing becomes increasingly important in terms of engine efficiency. To fully optimize these competing requirements, experiments at engine-relevant conditions are required to validate new designs and computational tools. A test turbine has been commissioned in the Steady Thermal Aero Research Turbine (START) lab. The test turbine was designed to be a 1.5 stage turbine operating under continuous flow simulating engine-relevant conditions including Reynolds and Mach numbers with hardware true to engine scale. The first phase of research conducted using the test turbine, which was configured for a half-stage (vane only), was to study hot gas ingestion through turbine rim seals. This paper presents a series of facility benchmarks as well as validation experiments conducted to study ingestion using a tracer gas to quantify the performance of rim seals and purge flows. Sensitivity studies included concentration levels and sampling flow rates in flow regimes that ranged from stagnant to compressible depending upon the area of interest. The sensitivity studies included a range of purge and leakage flow conditions for several locations in the rim seal and cavity areas. Results indicate reasonable sampling methods were used to achieve isokinetic sampling conditions.

Published
2016

50. Effects of Purge Jet Momentum on Sealing Effectiveness

Author

Christopher Robak, Michael David Barringer, Karen A. Thole, Paul J. Hiester, Curtis Memory, Carey Clum, and Kenneth Clark

Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Engineering, business.industry, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Purge, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Fuel Technology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0203 mechanical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, business
Abstract

Driven by the need for higher cycle efficiencies, overall pressure ratios for gas turbine engines continue to be pushed higher thereby resulting in increasing gas temperatures. Secondary air, bled from the compressor, is used to cool turbine components and seal the cavities between stages from the hot main gas path. This paper compares a range of purge flows and two different purge hole configurations for introducing the purge flow into the rim cavities. In addition, the mate face gap leakage between vanes is investigated. For this particular study, stationary vanes at engine-relevant Mach and Reynolds numbers were used with a static rim seal and rim cavity to remove rotational effects and isolate gas path effects. Sealing effectiveness measurements, deduced from the use of CO2 as a flow tracer, indicate that the effectiveness levels on the stator and rotor side of the cavity depend on the mass and momentum flux ratios of the purge jets relative to the swirl velocity. For a given purge flow rate, fewer purge holes resulted in better sealing than the case with a larger number of holes.

Published
2016

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