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1. Supplementary Grant Support from Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer Association Studies Identify Multiple New Susceptibility Loci Shared by at Least Two Cancer Types

Author

Diether Lambrechts, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Rosalind Eeles, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Douglas F. Easton, Simon A. Gayther, Per Hall, Fergus J. Couch, Stephen J. Chanock, Peter Kraft, Brian E. Henderson, David J. Hunter, Thomas A. Sellers, Amanda Spurdle, Christopher A. Haiman, Jacques Simard, Alison M. Dunning, Andrew Berchuck, Matthew L. Freedman, Fredrick Schumacher, Yu-Tang Gao, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wojciech Kluzniak, William J. Blot, Weiva Sieh, Wei Zheng, Walther Vogel, Volker Arndt, Vessela Kristensen, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Veli-Matti Kosma, Vanio Mitev, Ute Hamann, Usha Menon, Todd L. Edwards, Tim J. Key, Tiina Wahlfors, Thomas Brüning, Thilo Dörk, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Tanja Pejovic, Susanne Krüger Kjær, Susan M. Gapstur, Stig E. Bojesen, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Soo-Hwang Teo, Soo Chin Lee, Sonja Berndt, Sofia Maia, Shelley S. Tworoger, Shannon K. McDonnell, Sara H. Olson, Sara Benlloch, Ruth C. Travis, Roger L. Milne, Roberta Ness, Robert Winqvist, Robert N. Hoover, Robert J. MacInnis, Robert A. Stephenson, Rita K. Schmutzler, Reidun Kristin Kopperud, Ralf Butzow, Radka Kaneva, Qiyuan Li, Qiuyin Cai, Qin Wang, Peter Devilee, Peter A. Fasching, Per Broberg, Penelope M. Webb, Paula Paulo, Paul Brennan, Pascal Guénel, Paolo Peterlongo, Nora Pashayan, Nicolas Wentzensen, Nick Orr, Nhu D. Le, Nazneen Rahman, Natalia Bogdanova, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Ming-Feng Hou, Michelle A.T. Hildebrandt, Michael Lush, Michael Jones, Melissa C. Southey, Maureen Sanderson, Matthieu Moisse, Matthias W. Beckmann, Mary Anne Rossing, Markus Aly, Marjorie Riggan, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Marc T. Goodman, Manuel R. Teixeira, Manuel Luedeke, Manjeet K. Bolla, Malcolm C. Pike, Maartje J. Hooning, Lisa Cannon-Albright, Linda S. Cook, Liesel M. Fitzgerald, Leon F.A.G. Massuger, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Kunle Odunsi, Kristiina Aittomäki, Kirsten B. Moysich, Kexin Chen, Kenneth Offitt, Kenneth Muir, Keitaro Matsuo, Kay-Tee Khaw, Kathleen Herkommer, Karen H. Lu, Kamila Czene, Jyotsna Batra, Julio Pow-Sang, Julie M. Cunningham, Julian Peto, Julia A. Knight, Judith A. Clements, Jonine Figueroa, Jong Y. Park, Jolanta Kupryjanczyk, John L. Hopper, Johanna Schleutker, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Joe Dennis, Jenny L. Donovan, Jenny Chang-Claude, Jennifer B. Permuth, Jennifer A. Doherty, Javier Benítez, Janet L. Stanford, Jan Lubiński, Jacek Gronwald, Ignace Vergote, Ian Campbell, Iain McNeish, Hui-Yi Lim, Honglin Song, Hoda Anton-Culver, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Henrik Gronberg, Heli Nevanlinna, Helga B. Salvesen, Hatef Darabi, Harvey A. Risch, Hardev Pandha, Hans-Ulrich Ulmer, Hans Wildiers, Håkan Olsson, Graham G. Giles, Fredrik Wiklund, Freddie C. Hamdy, Francesmary Modugno, Florian Heitz, Fiona Bruinsma, Fengju Song, Estrid Høgdall, Elza Khusnutdinova, Ellen L. Goode, Elizabeth M. Poole, Elisa V. Bandera, Elinor J. Sawyer, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Douglas A. Levine, Dominika Wokozorczyk, Digna R. Velez Edwards, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Diana Eccles, David E. Neal, Daniel W. Cramer, Daniel O. Stram, Daniel J. Schaid, Daniel C. Tessier, Daehee Kang, Craig C. Teerlink, Claus K. Høgdall, Christine B. Ambrosone, Christiane Maier, Christa Stegmaier, Chavdar Slavov, Cezary Cybulski, Celine Vachon, Celeste Leigh Pearce, Catriona McLean, Catherine Phelan, Carl Blomqvist, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Beth Y. Karlan, Barbara Burwinkel, Arif B. Ekici, Argyrios Ziogas, Anthony Swerdlow, Annika Lindblom, Anna H. Wu, Anna Gonzalez-Neira, Anja Rudolph, Angela Cox, Andrzej Kierzek, Ana Peixoto, Alvaro Monteiro, Alicja Wolk, Alice S. Whittemore, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Aida K. Dieffenbach, Agnieszka Michael, Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska, Adam S. Kibel, Deborah J. Thompson, Susan J. Ramus, Sara Lindstrom, Kate Lawrenson, ZSofia Kote-Jarai, Jonathan Tyrer, Kyriaki Michailidou, Ali Amin Al Olama, Jonathan Beesley, and Siddhartha P. Kar

Abstract

Supplementary Grant Support

Published
2023

2. Supplementary Methods, Figures S1 - S3 from Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer Association Studies Identify Multiple New Susceptibility Loci Shared by at Least Two Cancer Types

Author

Diether Lambrechts, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Rosalind Eeles, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Douglas F. Easton, Simon A. Gayther, Per Hall, Fergus J. Couch, Stephen J. Chanock, Peter Kraft, Brian E. Henderson, David J. Hunter, Thomas A. Sellers, Amanda Spurdle, Christopher A. Haiman, Jacques Simard, Alison M. Dunning, Andrew Berchuck, Matthew L. Freedman, Fredrick Schumacher, Yu-Tang Gao, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wojciech Kluzniak, William J. Blot, Weiva Sieh, Wei Zheng, Walther Vogel, Volker Arndt, Vessela Kristensen, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Veli-Matti Kosma, Vanio Mitev, Ute Hamann, Usha Menon, Todd L. Edwards, Tim J. Key, Tiina Wahlfors, Thomas Brüning, Thilo Dörk, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Tanja Pejovic, Susanne Krüger Kjær, Susan M. Gapstur, Stig E. Bojesen, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Soo-Hwang Teo, Soo Chin Lee, Sonja Berndt, Sofia Maia, Shelley S. Tworoger, Shannon K. McDonnell, Sara H. Olson, Sara Benlloch, Ruth C. Travis, Roger L. Milne, Roberta Ness, Robert Winqvist, Robert N. Hoover, Robert J. MacInnis, Robert A. Stephenson, Rita K. Schmutzler, Reidun Kristin Kopperud, Ralf Butzow, Radka Kaneva, Qiyuan Li, Qiuyin Cai, Qin Wang, Peter Devilee, Peter A. Fasching, Per Broberg, Penelope M. Webb, Paula Paulo, Paul Brennan, Pascal Guénel, Paolo Peterlongo, Nora Pashayan, Nicolas Wentzensen, Nick Orr, Nhu D. Le, Nazneen Rahman, Natalia Bogdanova, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Ming-Feng Hou, Michelle A.T. Hildebrandt, Michael Lush, Michael Jones, Melissa C. Southey, Maureen Sanderson, Matthieu Moisse, Matthias W. Beckmann, Mary Anne Rossing, Markus Aly, Marjorie Riggan, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Marc T. Goodman, Manuel R. Teixeira, Manuel Luedeke, Manjeet K. Bolla, Malcolm C. Pike, Maartje J. Hooning, Lisa Cannon-Albright, Linda S. Cook, Liesel M. Fitzgerald, Leon F.A.G. Massuger, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Kunle Odunsi, Kristiina Aittomäki, Kirsten B. Moysich, Kexin Chen, Kenneth Offitt, Kenneth Muir, Keitaro Matsuo, Kay-Tee Khaw, Kathleen Herkommer, Karen H. Lu, Kamila Czene, Jyotsna Batra, Julio Pow-Sang, Julie M. Cunningham, Julian Peto, Julia A. Knight, Judith A. Clements, Jonine Figueroa, Jong Y. Park, Jolanta Kupryjanczyk, John L. Hopper, Johanna Schleutker, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Joe Dennis, Jenny L. Donovan, Jenny Chang-Claude, Jennifer B. Permuth, Jennifer A. Doherty, Javier Benítez, Janet L. Stanford, Jan Lubiński, Jacek Gronwald, Ignace Vergote, Ian Campbell, Iain McNeish, Hui-Yi Lim, Honglin Song, Hoda Anton-Culver, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Henrik Gronberg, Heli Nevanlinna, Helga B. Salvesen, Hatef Darabi, Harvey A. Risch, Hardev Pandha, Hans-Ulrich Ulmer, Hans Wildiers, Håkan Olsson, Graham G. Giles, Fredrik Wiklund, Freddie C. Hamdy, Francesmary Modugno, Florian Heitz, Fiona Bruinsma, Fengju Song, Estrid Høgdall, Elza Khusnutdinova, Ellen L. Goode, Elizabeth M. Poole, Elisa V. Bandera, Elinor J. Sawyer, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Douglas A. Levine, Dominika Wokozorczyk, Digna R. Velez Edwards, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Diana Eccles, David E. Neal, Daniel W. Cramer, Daniel O. Stram, Daniel J. Schaid, Daniel C. Tessier, Daehee Kang, Craig C. Teerlink, Claus K. Høgdall, Christine B. Ambrosone, Christiane Maier, Christa Stegmaier, Chavdar Slavov, Cezary Cybulski, Celine Vachon, Celeste Leigh Pearce, Catriona McLean, Catherine Phelan, Carl Blomqvist, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Beth Y. Karlan, Barbara Burwinkel, Arif B. Ekici, Argyrios Ziogas, Anthony Swerdlow, Annika Lindblom, Anna H. Wu, Anna Gonzalez-Neira, Anja Rudolph, Angela Cox, Andrzej Kierzek, Ana Peixoto, Alvaro Monteiro, Alicja Wolk, Alice S. Whittemore, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Aida K. Dieffenbach, Agnieszka Michael, Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska, Adam S. Kibel, Deborah J. Thompson, Susan J. Ramus, Sara Lindstrom, Kate Lawrenson, ZSofia Kote-Jarai, Jonathan Tyrer, Kyriaki Michailidou, Ali Amin Al Olama, Jonathan Beesley, and Siddhartha P. Kar

Abstract

Supplementary Figure S1. LocusZoom regional association plots for the seven new cross-cancer loci that were > 1 Mb from known index SNPs. Supplementary Figure S2A-B. Box plots showing eQTL associations between (A) rs9375701 and L3MBTL3 in normal breast and prostate tissues and (B) rs8037137 and RCCD1 in normal breast and ovarian tissues. Supplementary Figure S3. Interactions between BCL2L11 and the 32 Biocarta "Death Pathway" genes. Interactions were identified using the GeneMania server. Circles contain gene names, lines represent interactions, and the color of the line indicates a specific type of interaction as listed in the legend.

Published
2023

3. Supplementary Tables S1 - S10 from Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer Association Studies Identify Multiple New Susceptibility Loci Shared by at Least Two Cancer Types

Author

Diether Lambrechts, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Rosalind Eeles, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Douglas F. Easton, Simon A. Gayther, Per Hall, Fergus J. Couch, Stephen J. Chanock, Peter Kraft, Brian E. Henderson, David J. Hunter, Thomas A. Sellers, Amanda Spurdle, Christopher A. Haiman, Jacques Simard, Alison M. Dunning, Andrew Berchuck, Matthew L. Freedman, Fredrick Schumacher, Yu-Tang Gao, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wojciech Kluzniak, William J. Blot, Weiva Sieh, Wei Zheng, Walther Vogel, Volker Arndt, Vessela Kristensen, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Veli-Matti Kosma, Vanio Mitev, Ute Hamann, Usha Menon, Todd L. Edwards, Tim J. Key, Tiina Wahlfors, Thomas Brüning, Thilo Dörk, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Tanja Pejovic, Susanne Krüger Kjær, Susan M. Gapstur, Stig E. Bojesen, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Soo-Hwang Teo, Soo Chin Lee, Sonja Berndt, Sofia Maia, Shelley S. Tworoger, Shannon K. McDonnell, Sara H. Olson, Sara Benlloch, Ruth C. Travis, Roger L. Milne, Roberta Ness, Robert Winqvist, Robert N. Hoover, Robert J. MacInnis, Robert A. Stephenson, Rita K. Schmutzler, Reidun Kristin Kopperud, Ralf Butzow, Radka Kaneva, Qiyuan Li, Qiuyin Cai, Qin Wang, Peter Devilee, Peter A. Fasching, Per Broberg, Penelope M. Webb, Paula Paulo, Paul Brennan, Pascal Guénel, Paolo Peterlongo, Nora Pashayan, Nicolas Wentzensen, Nick Orr, Nhu D. Le, Nazneen Rahman, Natalia Bogdanova, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Ming-Feng Hou, Michelle A.T. Hildebrandt, Michael Lush, Michael Jones, Melissa C. Southey, Maureen Sanderson, Matthieu Moisse, Matthias W. Beckmann, Mary Anne Rossing, Markus Aly, Marjorie Riggan, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Marc T. Goodman, Manuel R. Teixeira, Manuel Luedeke, Manjeet K. Bolla, Malcolm C. Pike, Maartje J. Hooning, Lisa Cannon-Albright, Linda S. Cook, Liesel M. Fitzgerald, Leon F.A.G. Massuger, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Kunle Odunsi, Kristiina Aittomäki, Kirsten B. Moysich, Kexin Chen, Kenneth Offitt, Kenneth Muir, Keitaro Matsuo, Kay-Tee Khaw, Kathleen Herkommer, Karen H. Lu, Kamila Czene, Jyotsna Batra, Julio Pow-Sang, Julie M. Cunningham, Julian Peto, Julia A. Knight, Judith A. Clements, Jonine Figueroa, Jong Y. Park, Jolanta Kupryjanczyk, John L. Hopper, Johanna Schleutker, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Joe Dennis, Jenny L. Donovan, Jenny Chang-Claude, Jennifer B. Permuth, Jennifer A. Doherty, Javier Benítez, Janet L. Stanford, Jan Lubiński, Jacek Gronwald, Ignace Vergote, Ian Campbell, Iain McNeish, Hui-Yi Lim, Honglin Song, Hoda Anton-Culver, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Henrik Gronberg, Heli Nevanlinna, Helga B. Salvesen, Hatef Darabi, Harvey A. Risch, Hardev Pandha, Hans-Ulrich Ulmer, Hans Wildiers, Håkan Olsson, Graham G. Giles, Fredrik Wiklund, Freddie C. Hamdy, Francesmary Modugno, Florian Heitz, Fiona Bruinsma, Fengju Song, Estrid Høgdall, Elza Khusnutdinova, Ellen L. Goode, Elizabeth M. Poole, Elisa V. Bandera, Elinor J. Sawyer, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Douglas A. Levine, Dominika Wokozorczyk, Digna R. Velez Edwards, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Diana Eccles, David E. Neal, Daniel W. Cramer, Daniel O. Stram, Daniel J. Schaid, Daniel C. Tessier, Daehee Kang, Craig C. Teerlink, Claus K. Høgdall, Christine B. Ambrosone, Christiane Maier, Christa Stegmaier, Chavdar Slavov, Cezary Cybulski, Celine Vachon, Celeste Leigh Pearce, Catriona McLean, Catherine Phelan, Carl Blomqvist, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Beth Y. Karlan, Barbara Burwinkel, Arif B. Ekici, Argyrios Ziogas, Anthony Swerdlow, Annika Lindblom, Anna H. Wu, Anna Gonzalez-Neira, Anja Rudolph, Angela Cox, Andrzej Kierzek, Ana Peixoto, Alvaro Monteiro, Alicja Wolk, Alice S. Whittemore, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Aida K. Dieffenbach, Agnieszka Michael, Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska, Adam S. Kibel, Deborah J. Thompson, Susan J. Ramus, Sara Lindstrom, Kate Lawrenson, ZSofia Kote-Jarai, Jonathan Tyrer, Kyriaki Michailidou, Ali Amin Al Olama, Jonathan Beesley, and Siddhartha P. Kar

Abstract

Supplementary Table S1. Known risk loci for each cancer. Supplementary Table S2. Regions where known index SNPs for at least two of the three cancers lie within 1 Mb of each other. Supplementary Table S3. Full results from the meta-analysis of breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer showing the 18 independent loci associated at P < 10-8 with the same direction of effect across all three cancers. Supplementary Table S4. Conditional analysis of the rs1469713 (breast-ovarian-prostate cancer) signal, conditioning on the rs4808801 (breast cancer-specific) signal that was < 1 Mb away using GCTA software. Supplementary Table S5. Most significantly-associated genotyped SNP at new loci where index SNPs were imputed. Supplementary Table S6. Expression QTL analysis results from the GTEx Portal for the new cross-cancer risk loci listed in main Table 2. Supplementary Table S7. SNPs with P < 10-8 at the new cross-cancer risk loci listed in main Table 2 that overlap predicted enhancers in at least two cell types. Supplementary Table S8. HaploReg and non-coding RNA annotation of variants with P < 10-8 at the new cross-cancer risk loci listed in main Table 2. Supplementary Table S9. Eight of the 32 genes involved in induction of apoptosis through DR3 and DR4/5 Death Receptors (MSigDB: Biocarta "Death Pathway") a that were < 1 Mb away from an independent P < 10-5 index SNP in the 3-cancer meta-analysis. Supplementary Table S10. INRICH pathway analysis results for pathways with empirical P < 0.05. Apoptosis-related pathways containing BCL2L11 are shaded.

Published
2023

4. Indications for Total Gastrectomy in CDH1 Mutation Carriers and Outcomes of Risk-Reducing Minimally Invasive and Open Gastrectomies

Author

Daniel G. Coit, Kenneth Offitt, Hans Gerdes, Zsofia K. Stadler, Diana Mandelker, Mark A. Schattner, Yelena Y. Janjigian, Elvira L. Vos, Erin E. Salo-Mullen, Arnold J. Markowitz, Vivian E. Strong, Laura H. Tang, and Sam S. Yoon

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Family Cancer History, medicine.medical_treatment, 030230 surgery, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Antigens, CD, Gastrectomy, Stomach Neoplasms, Internal medicine, Signet ring cell carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Endoscopy, Digestive System, Family history, Germ-Line Mutation, Original Investigation, medicine.diagnostic_test, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, business.industry, Signet ring cell, Patient Selection, Cancer, Middle Aged, Cadherins, medicine.disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Surgery, business, Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell
Abstract

IMPORTANCE: CDH1 variants are increasingly identified on commercially available multigene panel tests, calling for data to inform counseling of individuals without a family history of gastric cancer. OBJECTIVES: To assess association between CDH1 variant pathogenicity or family history of gastric or lobular breast cancer and identification of signet ring cell cancer and to describe outcomes of risk-reducing minimally invasive and open total gastrectomy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study was performed from January 1, 2006, to January 1, 2020, in 181 patients with CDH1 germline variants from a single institution. INTERVENTIONS: Genetic counseling, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and possible total gastrectomy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: CDH1 variant classification, family cancer history, findings of signet ring cell carcinoma at esophagogastroduodenoscopy and surgery, postoperative events and weight changes, and follow-up. RESULTS: Of 181 individuals with CDH1 germline variants (mean [SD] age at time of testing, 44 [15] years; 126 [70%] female), 165 harbored a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant. Of these patients, 101 underwent open (n = 58) or minimally invasive (n = 43) total gastrectomy. Anastomotic leaks that required drainage were infrequent (n = 3), and median long-term weight loss was 20% (interquartile range [IQR], 10%-23%). In those undergoing minimally invasive operations, more lymph nodes were retrieved (median, 28 [IQR, 20-34] vs 15 [IQR, 9-19]; P

Published
2020

5. Mendelian randomization analysis of C-reactive protein on colorectal cancer risk

Author

Martha L. Slattery, Edward Giovannucci, Petra Schrotz-King, Flavio Lejbkowicz, Susanna C. Larsson, Jenny Chang-Claude, Douglas F. Easton, Li Hsu, Emily White, Peter T. Campbell, Polly A. Newcomb, Robert E. Schoen, Mila Pinchev, Vicente Martín, Daniel D. Buchanan, Zhengyi Chen, Anna H. Wu, Sonja I. Berndt, Mingyang Song, Stephen B. Gruber, Mark A. Jenkins, Graham G. Giles, Annika Lindblom, Amit Joshi, Alicja Wolk, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Andrew T. Chan, Michelle Cotterchio, Walid Saliba, Michael Hoffmeister, Victor Moreno, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Demetrius Albanes, Hedy S. Rennert, Loic Le Marchand, Roger L. Milne, Johanna W. Lampe, Kenneth Offitt, James Y. Dai, Gad Rennert, Shuji Ogino, John L. Hopper, Volker Arndt, Xiaoliang Wang, William M. Grady, Ulrike Peters, Michael O. Woods, Li Li, Hermann Brenner, Graham Casey, Christa Stegmaier, Katja Butterbach, Stéphane Bézieau, Clemens Schafmayer, John D. Potter, Bette J. Caan, Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cooperative Family Registry, Risk factors in diseases, Epidemiology, Colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Epidemiologia genètica, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Càncer colorectal, Mendelian Randomization, Epidemiology of cancer, medicine, Cancer Family, Humans, Genetic epidemiology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, Human services, Aged, Cancer prevention, Factors de risc en les malalties, business.industry, Proteins, Cancer, General Medicine, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Causality, 030104 developmental biology, C-Reactive Protein, Logistic Models, Family medicine, Female, business, Colorectal Neoplasms, Proteïnes
Abstract

GECCO (Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium) is supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (U01 CA137088; R01 CA059045; U01 CA164930). ASTERISK was funded by a Hospital Clinical Research Program (PHRC-BRD09/C) from the University Hospital Center of Nantes (CHU de Nantes) and supported by the Regional Council of Pays de la Loire, the Groupement des Entreprises Francaises dans la Lutte Contre le Cancer (GEFLUC), the Association Anne de Bretagne Genetique and the Ligue Regionale Contre le Cancer (LRCC). COLO2&3 (Hawai’i Colorectal Cancer Studies 2 & 3) is supported by the NIH (R01 CA60987). DACHS (Darmkrebs: Chancen der Verhutung durch Screening) was supported by the German Research Council (BR 1704/6-1, BR 1704/6-3, BR 1704/6-4, CH 117/1-1, HO 5117/2-1, HE 5998/2-1, KL 2354/3-1, RO 2270/8-1 and BR 1704/17-1), the Interdisciplinary Research Program of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Germany, and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01KH0404, 01ER0814, 01ER0815, 01ER1505A and 01ER1505B). DALS (Diet, Activity and Lifestyle Survey) is supported by the NIH (R01 CA48998 to P.A. Slattery). HPFS (Health Professionals Follow-up Study) is supported by the NIH (P01 CA055075, UM1 CA167552, R01 CA137178, R01 CA151993, R35 CA197735, K07 CA190673, and P50 CA127003), NHS (Nurses’ Health Study) by the NIH (R01 CA137178, P01 CA087969, UM1 CA186107, R01 CA151993, R35 CA197735, K07 CA190673, and P50 CA127003) and PHS (Physician’s Health Study) by the NIH (R01 CA042182). MEC (Multiethnic Cohort Study) is supported by the NIH (R37 CA54281, P01 CA033619, and R01 CA63464). OFCCR (the Ontario Registry for Studies of Familial Colorectal Cancer) was supported by NIH (U01 CA074783; see CCFR section above), and additional funding toward genetic analyses of OFCCR was supported by a GL2 grant from the Ontario Research Fund, Canadian Institutes of Health Research and a Cancer Risk Evaluation (CaRE) Program grant from the Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute. PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and supported by contracts from the Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS. PMH-CCFR (Postmenopausal Hormone Study-Colon Cancer Family Registry) is supported by the NIH (R01 CA076366 to P.A. Newcomb). VITAL (VITamins And Lifestyle) is supported by the NIH (K05 CA154337 to E.White). WHI (Women’s Health Initiative) is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services through contracts HHSN268201100046C, HHSN268201100001C, HHSN268201100002C, HHSN268201100003C, HHSN268201100004C, and HHSN271201100004C. X.Wang and E. White were also supported by the NCI (R25 CA094880). CORECT (the Colorectal Transdisciplinary Study) is supported by the NCI under RFA # CA-09-002 as part of the GAME-ON consortium (US NIH, U19 CA148107) with additional support from the NCI grants (R01 CA81488 and P30 CA14089), the National Human Genome Research Institute at the US NIH (T32 HG000040) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences at the US NIH (T32 ES013678). The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in CORECT, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government or CORECT. CCFR (the Colon Cancer Family Registry) is supported by grant UM1 CA167551 from the US NCI and through cooperative agreements with members of the CCFR and principal investigators of the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (US NIH, U01 CA074778 and U01/U24 CA097735), University of South California Consortium Colorectal Cancer Family Registry for Colon Cancer Studies (US NIH, U01/U24 CA074799), the Mayo Clinic Cooperative Family Registry for Colon Cancer Studies (US NIH, U01/U24 CA074800), Ontario Registry for Studies of Familial Colorectal Cancer (US NIH, U01/U24 CA074783), Seattle Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (US NIH, U01/U24 CA074794), and the University of Hawaii Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (US NIH, U01/U24 CA074806). The Colon CFR Illumina GWAS was supported by NCI/NIH grant U01 CA122839 and R01 CA143237 to G Casey. CPSII (the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort) is funded by the American Cancer Society. MECC was supported by the NIH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (R01 CA81488 to SB Gruber and G Rennert). The MCCS cohort recruitment was funded by VicHealth and Cancer Council Victoria, GALEON: FIS Intrasalud (PI13/01136). The MCCS was further supported by Australian NHMRC grants 509348, 209057, 251553 and 504711, and by infrastructure provided by Cancer Council Victoria. The NFCCR (Newfoundland Colorectal Cancer Registry) was supported by an Interdisciplinary Health Research Team award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CRT 43821); the NIH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Serivces (U01 CA74783); and National Cancer Institute of Canada grants (18223 and 18226). The Kentucky study was supported by the US NCI R01 CA136726, and the Clinical Investigator Award from Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (CI-8). The Spain study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by FEDER funds –a way to build Europe– grants PI14-613 and PI09-1286. SEARCH was supported by the Cancer Research UK (C490/A16561). The Sweden-Wolk was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council/Infrastructure grant, the Swedish Cancer Foundation and Karolinska Institute’s Distinguished Professor Award to Alicja Wolk. The ATBC Study is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the U.S. NCI and by U.S. Public Health Service contract HHSN261201500005C from the NCI, Department of Health and Human Services. The ColoCare-heidelberg and the ColoCare-Seattle studies were funded by the US NIH (grants 2P30CA015704-40, R01 CA189184 and U01 CA152756), the Matthias Lackas-Foundation, the German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, and the EU TRANSCAN initiative. ESTER_VERDI was supported by grants from the Baden-Wϋrttemberg Ministry of Science. The work at MSKCC (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York) was supported by the Robert and Kate Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics and the Romeo Milio Foundation. D. Buchanan is also supported by University of Melbourne Research at Melbourne Accelerator Program (R@MAP) and NHMRC R.D. Wright Career Development Fellowship. Dr. M. Song was supported by the American Cancer Society (Grant number MRSG-17-220-01 – NEC to M.S.); by the 2017 AACR-AstraZeneca Fellowship in Immuno-oncology Research (Grant Number 17-40-12-SONG to M.S.); by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants [K99 CA215314 to M.S.].

Published
2018

6. The BRCA2 c.68-7T A variant is not pathogenic: A model for clinical calibration of spliceogenicity

Author

Mara, Colombo, Irene, Lòpez-Perolio, Huong D, Meeks, Laura, Caleca, Michael T, Parsons, Hongyan, Li, Giovanna, De Vecchi, Emma, Tudini, Claudia, Foglia, Patrizia, Mondini, Siranoush, Manoukian, Raquel, Behar, Encarna B Gómez, Garcia, Alfons, Meindl, Marco, Montagna, Dieter, Niederacher, Ane Y, Schmidt, Liliana, Varesco, Barbara, Wappenschmidt, Manjeet K, Bolla, Joe, Dennis, Kyriaki, Michailidou, Qin, Wang, Kristiina, Aittomäki, Irene L, Andrulis, Hoda, Anton-Culver, Volker, Arndt, Matthias W, Beckmann, Alicia, Beeghly-Fadel, Javier, Benitez, Bram, Boeckx, Natalia V, Bogdanova, Stig E, Bojesen, Bernardo, Bonanni, Hiltrud, Brauch, Hermann, Brenner, Barbara, Burwinkel, Jenny, Chang-Claude, Don M, Conroy, Fergus J, Couch, Angela, Cox, Simon S, Cross, Kamila, Czene, Peter, Devilee, Thilo, Dörk, Mikael, Eriksson, Peter A, Fasching, Jonine, Figueroa, Olivia, Fletcher, Henrik, Flyger, Marike, Gabrielson, Montserrat, García-Closas, Graham G, Giles, Anna, González-Neira, Pascal, Guénel, Christopher A, Haiman, Per, Hall, Ute, Hamann, Mikael, Hartman, Jan, Hauke, Antoinette, Hollestelle, John L, Hopper, Anna, Jakubowska, Audrey, Jung, Veli-Matti, Kosma, Diether, Lambrechts, Loid, Le Marchand, Annika, Lindblom, Jan, Lubinski, Arto, Mannermaa, Sara, Margolin, Hui, Miao, Roger L, Milne, Susan L, Neuhausen, Heli, Nevanlinna, Janet E, Olson, Paolo, Peterlongo, Julian, Peto, Katri, Pylkäs, Elinor J, Sawyer, Marjanka K, Schmidt, Rita K, Schmutzler, Andreas, Schneeweiss, Minouk J, Schoemaker, Mee Hoong, See, Melissa C, Southey, Anthony, Swerdlow, Soo H, Teo, Amanda E, Toland, Ian, Tomlinson, Thérèse, Truong, Christi J, van Asperen, Ans M W, van den Ouweland, Lizet E, van der Kolk, Robert, Winqvist, Drakoulis, Yannoukakos, Wei, Zheng, Alison M, Dunning, Douglas F, Easton, Alex, Henderson, Frans B L, Hogervorst, Louise, Izatt, Kenneth, Offitt, Lucy E, Side, Elizabeth J, van Rensburg, Study, Embrace, Study, Hebon, Lesley, McGuffog, Antonis C, Antoniou, Georgia, Chenevix-Trench, Amanda B, Spurdle, David E, Goldgar, Miguel de la, Hoya, and Paolo, Radice

Subjects
BRCA2 Protein, Base Sequence, Models, Genetic, digital PCR, multifactorial likelihood analysis, Mitomycin, RNA Splicing, spliceogenic variants, Genetic Variation, Exons, BRCA2, Cell Line, Calibration, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, RNA, Messenger, Research Articles, quantitative real‐time PCR, Research Article
Abstract

Although the spliceogenic nature of the BRCA2 c.68‐7T > A variant has been demonstrated, its association with cancer risk remains controversial. In this study, we accurately quantified by real‐time PCR and digital PCR (dPCR), the BRCA2 isoforms retaining or missing exon 3. In addition, the combined odds ratio for causality of the variant was estimated using genetic and clinical data, and its associated cancer risk was estimated by case‐control analysis in 83,636 individuals. Co‐occurrence in trans with pathogenic BRCA2 variants was assessed in 5,382 families. Exon 3 exclusion rate was 4.5‐fold higher in variant carriers (13%) than controls (3%), indicating an exclusion rate for the c.68‐7T > A allele of approximately 20%. The posterior probability of pathogenicity was 7.44 × 10−115. There was neither evidence for increased risk of breast cancer (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.86–1.24) nor for a deleterious effect of the variant when co‐occurring with pathogenic variants. Our data provide for the first time robust evidence of the nonpathogenicity of the BRCA2 c.68‐7T > A. Genetic and quantitative transcript analyses together inform the threshold for the ratio between functional and altered BRCA2 isoforms compatible with normal cell function. These findings might be exploited to assess the relevance for cancer risk of other BRCA2 spliceogenic variants.

Published
2017

7. Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer Association Studies Identify Multiple New Susceptibility Loci Shared by at Least Two Cancer Types

Author

Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska, Usha Menon, Melissa C. Southey, Diana Eccles, Robert Winqvist, Keitaro Matsuo, Matthias W. Beckmann, Robert A. Stephenson, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Elizabeth M. Poole, Paul Brennan, Wojciech Kluzniak, Liesel M. FitzGerald, Alice S. Whittemore, Kunle Odunsi, Mary Anne Rossing, Craig C. Teerlink, Javier Benitez, Arif B. Ekici, Thilo Dörk, Per Hall, C. Slavov, Matthieu Moisse, Jennifer B. Permuth, Hermann Brenner, Apcb BioResource, Julia A. Knight, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Douglas A. Levine, Alicja Wolk, Sofia Maia, Kamila Czene, Vessela N. Kristensen, Radka Kaneva, Hoda Anton-Culver, Jonathan Tyrer, Manjeet K. Bolla, Maureen Sanderson, Fengju Song, Veli-Matti Kosma, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Douglas F. Easton, John L. Hopper, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Jolanta Kupryjanczyk, Amanda B. Spurdle, Nicolas Wentzensen, kConFab Investigators, Peter A. Fasching, Leon F.A.G. Massuger, Jonathan Beesley, Qin Wang, Pascal Guénel, Penelope M. Webb, Paolo Peterlongo, Daniel C. Tessier, Peter Kraft, Jennifer A. Doherty, Daehee Kang, Christine B. Ambrosone, Weiva Sieh, Anja Rudolph, Ignace Vergote, Hiltrud Brauch, Celeste Leigh Pearce, Robert N. Hoover, Paula Paulo, Nbcs Investigators, Rosalind A. Eeles, Honglin Song, Fergus J. Couch, Brian E. Henderson, Lisa A. Cannon-Albright, William J. Blot, Soo-Chin Lee, Abctb Investigators, Ute Hamann, Angela Cox, Peter Devilee, Andrzej M. Kierzek, Qiuyin Cai, Elinor J. Sawyer, Jacek Gronwald, Janet L. Stanford, Soo-Hwang Teo, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Susanne K. Kjaer, Christa Stegmaier, Thomas Brüning, Graham G. Giles, Catriona McLean, Thomas A. Sellers, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Ellen L. Goode, Maartje J. Hooning, Kathleen Herkommer, Jenny L Donovan, Fiona Bruinsma, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Marc T. Goodman, Volker Arndt, Estrid Høgdall, Yu-Tang Gao, Ruth C. Travis, Claus Høgdall, Celine M. Vachon, Jan Lubinski, Qiyuan Li, Vanio Mitev, Argyrios Ziogas, Julie M. Cunningham, Ming-Feng Hou, Marjorie J. Riggan, David J. Hunter, T. Wahlfors, Michael Jones, Diether Lambrechts, Hui-Yi Lim, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Kenneth Offitt, Stig E. Bojesen, Kexin Chen, Harvey A. Risch, Fredrik Wiklund, Hans-Ulrich Ulmer, Natalia Bogdanova, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Kristiina Aittomäki, Helga B. Salvesen, Markus Aly, Hatef Darabi, Christopher A. Haiman, Shelley S. Tworoger, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Judith A. Clements, Andrew Berchuck, Francesmary Modugno, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Catherine M. Phelan, Julian Peto, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Simon A. Gayther, Barbara Burwinkel, Nazneen Rahman, Todd L. Edwards, Wei Zheng, Ralf Bützow, Siddhartha Kar, Manuel R. Teixeira, Anna H. Wu, Stephen J. Chanock, Kirsten B. Moysich, Per Broberg, Ana Peixoto, Sara Lindström, Daniel J. Schaid, Sonja I. Berndt, Dominika Wokozorczyk, Jonine D. Figueroa, Aida Karina Dieffenbach, Anna González-Neira, Reidun K. Kopperud, Jacques Simard, Alvaro N.A. Monteiro, David E. Neal, Tanja Pejovic, Florian Heitz, Beth Y. Karlan, Elza Khusnutdinova, Anthony J. Swerdlow, Joe Dennis, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Heli Nevanlinna, Christiane Maier, Walther Vogel, Henrik Grönberg, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Kay-Tee Khaw, Jenny Chang-Claude, Carl Blomqvist, Susan M. Gapstur, Adam S. Kibel, Daniel W. Cramer, Manuel Luedeke, Robert J. MacInnis, Agnieszka Michael, Daniel O. Stram, Michelle A.T. Hildebrandt, Xiao-Ou Shu, Roberta B. Ness, Ian G. Campbell, Nora Pashayan, Timothy J. Key, Julio M. Pow-Sang, Hardev Pandha, Karen Lu, Elisa V. Bandera, Freddie C. Hamdy, Håkan Olsson, Sara H. Olson, Ali Amin Al Olama, Iain A. McNeish, Alison M. Dunning, Matthew L. Freedman, Kenneth Muir, Nhu D. Le, Linda S. Cook, Annika Lindblom, Sara Benlloch, Roger L. Milne, Kate Lawrenson, Digna R. Velez Edwards, Michael Lush, Hans Wildiers, Deborah J. Thompson, Susan J. Ramus, Kyriaki Michailidou, Rita K. Schmutzler, Nick Orr, Jyotsna Batra, Malcolm C. Pike, Cezary Cybulski, Shannon K. McDonnell, Jong Y. Park, Johanna Schleutker, Medical Oncology, Clinical Genetics, Amin Al Olama, Ali [0000-0002-7178-3431], Tyrer, Jonathan [0000-0003-3724-4757], Thompson, Deborah [0000-0003-1465-5799], Song, Honglin [0000-0001-5076-7371], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Dunning, Alison [0000-0001-6651-7166], Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Datasets as Topic, Genome-wide association study, Prostate cancer, Gene Regulatory Networks, Ovarian Neoplasms, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 17], Chromosome Mapping, prostate cancer, 3. Good health, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, ovarian cancer, Oncology, Organ Specificity, Centre for Surgical Research, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15], Female, Signal Transduction, Quantitative Trait Loci, Population, Breast Neoplasms, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, breast cancer, Meta-Analysis as Topic, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, pleiotropy, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, education, Genetic association, Prostatic Neoplasms, Cancer, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, Case-Control Studies, Expression quantitative trait loci, genome-wide association studies, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers are hormone-related and may have a shared genetic basis, but this has not been investigated systematically by genome-wide association (GWA) studies. Meta-analyses combining the largest GWA meta-analysis data sets for these cancers totaling 112,349 cases and 116,421 controls of European ancestry, all together and in pairs, identified at P < 10−8 seven new cross-cancer loci: three associated with susceptibility to all three cancers (rs17041869/2q13/BCL2L11; rs7937840/11q12/INCENP; rs1469713/19p13/GATAD2A), two breast and ovarian cancer risk loci (rs200182588/9q31/SMC2; rs8037137/15q26/RCCD1), and two breast and prostate cancer risk loci (rs5013329/1p34/NSUN4; rs9375701/6q23/L3MBTL3). Index variants in five additional regions previously associated with only one cancer also showed clear association with a second cancer type. Cell-type–specific expression quantitative trait locus and enhancer–gene interaction annotations suggested target genes with potential cross-cancer roles at the new loci. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of death receptor signaling genes near loci with P < 10−5 in the three-cancer meta-analysis. Significance: We demonstrate that combining large-scale GWA meta-analysis findings across cancer types can identify completely new risk loci common to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. We show that the identification of such cross-cancer risk loci has the potential to shed new light on the shared biology underlying these hormone-related cancers. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 1052–67. ©2016 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 932

Published
2016

8. Refined histopathological predictors of BRCA1 and BRCA2mutation status: a large-scale analysis of breast cancer characteristics from the BCAC, CIMBA, and ENIGMA consortia

Author

Rongxi Yang, Hoda Anton-Culver, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Veli-Matti Kosma, Alexander Miron, Siranoush Manoukian, Giulietta Scuvera, Sten Cornelissen, Fergus J. Couch, Beth Y. Karlan, Janet E. Olson, Katarzyna Durda, Muhammad Usman Rashid, Diana Eccles, Debra Frost, Antonis C. Antoniou, William J. Tapper, José Ignacio Arias, Madeleine M. A. Tilanus-Linthorst, Ute Hamann, Sara Margolin, Thilo Dörk, Pilar Zamora, Sune F. Nielsen, Laura Papi, Radka Platte, Fabio Capra, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Matthias W. Beckmann, Peter A. Fasching, Tjoung Won Park-Simon, Lesley McGuffog, Alfons Meindl, Amanda B. Spurdle, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Katherine L. Nathanson, Bernardo Bonanni, Christine L. Clarke, Julian Adlard, Fiona M. Blows, Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen, Isabel dos-Santos-Silva, Catriona McLean, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Frederique Mariette, Malcolm W.R. Reed, Douglas F. Easton, Vesa Kataja, Frederik Marmé, Laura Baglietto, Christopher A. Haiman, Monica Barile, Uffe Birk Jensen, Thomas Brüning, Shan Wang-Gohrke, Thomas Rüdiger, Paolo Radice, Alessandra Viel, Annegien Broeks, Dee W. West, Loic Le Marchand, Mary Beth Terry, Jenny Chang-Claude, Lorraine Durcan, Raymonda Varon-Mateeva, Brian E. Henderson, Robert A.E.M. Tollenaar, Hansjoerg Plendl, Katri Pylkäs, Jane Carpenter, Mads Thomassen, Kenneth Offitt, Sabine Preisler-Adams, Dennis J. Slamon, Kamila Czene, D. Gareth Evans, Senno Verhoef, Jonine Figueroa, Anja Rudolph, Kristiina Aittomäki, Arto Mannermaa, Eric Hahnen, Jacek Gronwald, Aida Karina Dieffenbach, Johanna Rantala, Ruth Swann, Paolo Peterlongo, Melissa C. Southey, Liliana Varesco, Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek, Elena Provenzano, Henrik Flyger, Hiltrud Brauch, Trevor Cole, Alison M. Dunning, Sue Healey, Robert Winqvist, Soo Hwang Teo, Rachel E. Factor, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Jaana M. Hartikainen, Irene L. Andrulis, Louise Jones, Rosemary L. Balleine, Gord Glendon, Doris Steinemann, David E. Goldgar, Anna Jakubowska, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Miriam Dwek, Heli Nevanlinna, Karin Kast, Nichola Johnson, Stefano Fortuzzi, Argyrios Ziogas, John W.M. Martens, Christa Stegmaier, Vernon S. Pankratz, Peter Devilee, Thomas Hansen, Christian Sutter, Vijai Joseph, Ana Osorio, Harald Surovy, Päivi Heikkilä, Kerstin Rhiem, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Susan L. Neuhausen, Michael T. Parsons, Jolanta Lissowska, Stig E. Bojesen, Jo Perkins, Christi J. van Asperen, Simon S. Cross, Susan M. Domchek, Alice S. Whittemore, J. Margriet Collée, Trinidad Caldés, Rosemarie Davidson, Judy Garber, Nina Ditsch, Norbert Arnold, Annika Lindblom, Taru A. Muranen, Rodney J. Scott, Hans Ulrich Ulmer, Åke Borg, Qin Wang, V. Arndt, Christoph Engel, Hermann Brenner, Esther M. John, Rita K. Schmutzler, Julian Peto, Jan Lubinski, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Diana Torres, Barbara Burwinkel, Natalia Bogdanova, Caroline Seynaeve, Steve Ellis, Per Hall, Daniela Zaffaroni, Peter Hillemanns, Yon Ko, Mark E. Robson, Arif B. Ekici, Roger L. Milne, Nadine Tung, Petra Seibold, Marco Montagna, Stephen J. Chanock, Louise Izatt, Andrew K. Godwin, Mervi Grip, Rohini Rau-Murthy, Anna González-Neira, Amanda E. Toland, Anna Marie Mulligan, Noralane M. Lindor, Daniel Barrowdale, Louise A. Brinton, Olivia Fletcher, Anita Bane, Dieter Niederacher, Angela Cox, Maartje J. Hooning, Barbara Pasini, Manjeet K. Bolla, Carl Blomqvist, Ros Eeles, Graham G. Giles, and Javier Benitez

Subjects
Oncology, Pathology, Cancer Research, endocrine system diseases, Receptor, ErbB-2, Genes, BRCA2, Genes, BRCA1, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, Tumor Status, ErbB-2, Medizinische Fakultät, Receptors, 10. No inequality, skin and connective tissue diseases, Progesterone, Medicine(all), Likelihood Functions, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Female, Humans, Mutation, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Staging, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone, 3. Good health, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Receptor, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Breast cancer, Germline mutation, Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical significance, ddc:610, business.industry, Cancer, medicine.disease, BRCA1, Estrogen, BRCA2, BRCA2 Mutation Carrier, Genes, Mutation testing, business
Abstract

Introduction The distribution of histopathological features of invasive breast tumors in BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation carriers differs from that of individuals with no known mutation. Histopathological features thus have utility for mutation prediction, including statistical modeling to assess pathogenicity of BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants of uncertain clinical significance. We analyzed large pathology datasets accrued by the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) to reassess histopathological predictors of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status, and provide robust likelihood ratio (LR) estimates for statistical modeling. Methods Selection criteria for study/center inclusion were estrogen receptor (ER) status or grade data available for invasive breast cancer diagnosed younger than 70 years. The dataset included 4,477 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 2,565 BRCA2 mutation carriers, and 47,565 BCAC breast cancer cases. Country-stratified estimates of the likelihood of mutation status by histopathological markers were derived using a Mantel-Haenszel approach. Results ER-positive phenotype negatively predicted BRCA1 mutation status, irrespective of grade (LRs from 0.08 to 0.90). ER-negative grade 3 histopathology was more predictive of positive BRCA1 mutation status in women 50 years or older (LR = 4.13 (3.70 to 4.62)) versus younger than 50 years (LR = 3.16 (2.96 to 3.37)). For BRCA2, ER-positive grade 3 phenotype modestly predicted positive mutation status irrespective of age (LR = 1.7-fold), whereas ER-negative grade 3 features modestly predicted positive mutation status at 50 years or older (LR = 1.54 (1.27 to 1.88)). Triple-negative tumor status was highly predictive of BRCA1 mutation status for women younger than 50 years (LR = 3.73 (3.43 to 4.05)) and 50 years or older (LR = 4.41 (3.86 to 5.04)), and modestly predictive of positive BRCA2 mutation status in women 50 years or older (LR = 1.79 (1.42 to 2.24)). Conclusions These results refine likelihood-ratio estimates for predicting BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status by using commonly measured histopathological features. Age at diagnosis is an important variable for most analyses, and grade is more informative than ER status for BRCA2 mutation carrier prediction. The estimates will improve BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant classification and inform patient mutation testing and clinical management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0474-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2014

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