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Law enforcement officers are the primary individuals called and who respond to situations of heightened concern. They make split-second observations and decisions based on how best to react to given safety situations and those involved. Characteristics of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), if not properly understood and reacted to, may quickly escalate a law enforcement officer call in a negative way, making autism training for law enforcement officers imperative. To ascertain what is known about autism training for law enforcement officers, a scoping review was conducted. Five studies met final inclusion criteria. The trainees, context and development of the training, evaluation procedures, and training outcomes are synthesized to provide guidance for future training implementation teams. Areas for future research are presented.

Words and labels used about a person inevitably have an impact, whether intended or unintended. This article discusses the need for intentional and overt, critical reflection and discussion in higher education regarding the language faculty and students use. The authors provide language examples commonly used in courses that could have varied meanings. Instructional strategies which support reflective conversations surrounding language in higher education courses are provided.

The dreaded blank stares, looking down at a phone, or the student who falls asleep. University instructors know students who demonstrate these behaviors and have watched them disengage during class. Students might wish to engage, but may not know how. The purpose of this article is to examine the use of contribution strategies with undergraduate students in an effort to foster their engagement in class. Through a semester-long study, students' usage of seven contribution strategies within course discussions was examined through frequencies and audio recordings. Findings reveal that students incorporated the seven contribution strategies into course discussions however they did so at varying levels. Implications for the research suggest that when given the opportunity to actively contribute students do so; however, the instructor must foster an environment where active contribution is possible and valued.

The city of Flint, Michigan switched its water source in April, 2014, and, to reduce costs, anti-corrosion agents were omitted from water treatment. Consequently, lead leached into pipes, contaminating the water supply and exposing Flint's children to lead well beyond safety standards. The event became known as the Water Crisis, and now dominates Flint's public image. This paper portrays a project that arose out of one community response to the situation in Flint, the provision of quality child-care to families living in the affected areas by the University of Michigan-Flint. As part of this effort, a group of Early Childhood faculty and center head teachers participated in a Teaching Circle (Hutchings in Making teaching community property, American Association of Higher Education, Washington, DC, 1996), in which we read and studied the book, "Reggio tutta: A guide to the city by the children" (Reggio Children, Reggio Emilia, 2000) and teachers were inspired to share questions with their classes. Our analysis of the Teaching Circle and those projects uses children's perspectives and interpretations of campus and the city to focus on the beauty and resourcefulness of the Flint community. Seeing the city of Flint through the children's eyes is a remarkably joyful and uplifting experience.

Face-to-face time with students in the early childhood college setting is at a premium and often flies by before we begin to scratch the surface of active learning. Building a community of learners is one of our main goals as instructors; therefore, we strive to set up active learning environments optimal for all students. This reflection on practice highlights the text connections learning strategy, describes how four early childhood education instructors use it, and analyzes its theoretical underpinnings to investigate how it helps students learn to contribute to the learning of all. Student examples and reflections from the instructors are included.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathophysiology is poorly understood, due partly to lack of PCOS animal models fully recapitulating this complex disorder. Recently, a PCOS rat model using letrozole (LET), a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, mimicked multiple PCOS phenotypes, including metabolic features absent in other models. Given the advantages of using genetic and transgenic mouse models, we investigated whether LET produces a similar PCOS phenotype in mice. Pubertal female C57BL/6N mice were treated for 5 wk with LET, which resulted in increased serum testosterone and normal diestrus levels of estradiol, similar to the hyperandrogenemia and follicular phase estrogen levels of PCOS women. As in PCOS, ovaries from LET mice were larger, polycystic, and lacked corpora lutea versus controls. Most LET females were acyclic, and all were infertile. LET females displayed elevated serum LH levels and higher Lhb mRNA in the pituitary. In contrast, serum FSH and Fshb were significantly reduced in LET females, demonstrating differential effects on gonadotropins, as in PCOS. Within the ovary, LET females had higher Cyp17, Cyp19, and Fsh receptor mRNA expression. In the hypothalamus, LET females had higher kisspeptin receptor mRNA expression but lower progesterone receptor mRNA levels. LET females also gained more weight than controls, had increased abdominal adiposity and adipocyte size, elevated adipose inflammatory mRNA levels, and impaired glucose tolerance, mirroring the metabolic phenotype in PCOS women. This is the first report of a LET paradigm in mice that recapitulates both reproductive and metabolic PCOS phenotypes and will be useful to genetically probe the PCOS condition.

Keywords: Gender; disasters; masculinity; rural identities; place; Bourdieu EN Gender disasters masculinity rural identities place Bourdieu 1155 1173 19 10/12/22 20221001 NES 221001 Introduction At 12:02am on 14 November 2016, New Zealand experienced a 7.8 magnitude earthquake centred in the South Island. Both men utilised objectified capital such as equipment and tools to benefit and support the wider community, demonstrating how valued skills and competencies inform the I habitus i (Bourdieu, [9]) that shape rural masculine identities in New Zealand. "I wouldn't trade this country of ours for anything": place, identity and men's stories of the 2016 M7.8 Kaikoura/Waiau earthquake I wouldn't trade this country of ours for anything (Carl, 45-54; Pakeha) Carl's narrative supports work by Cox and Holmes ([23]) that indicated links between people's relationship with the built and natural landscape and their decisions to stay in high-risk environments. Patrick and Carl's narratives represent a distinctly pakeha Southern Man identity that is located within time and place and shaped by the I habitus i , through valued dispositions like stoicism and rugged individualism as well as forms of embodied capital such as practical action, strength and endurance. [Extracted from the article]

In addition to its role in reproduction, estradiol-17β is critical to the regulation of energy balance and body weight. Estrogen receptor α-null ([Erα.sup.-/-]) mutant mice develop an obese state characterized by decreased energy expenditure, decreased locomotion, increased adiposity, altered glucose homeostasis, and hyperleptinemia. Such features are reminiscent of the propensity of postmenopausal women to develop obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms by which ERα signaling maintains normal energy balance, however, have remained unclear. Here we used knockin mice that express mutant ERα that can only signal through the noncanonical pathway to assess the role of nonclassical ERα signaling in energy homeostasis. In these mice, we found that nonclassical ERα signaling restored metabolic parameters dysregulated in [Erα.sup.-/-] mutant mice to normal or near-normal values. The rescue of body weight and metabolic function by nonclassical ERα signaling was mediated by normalization of energy expenditure, including voluntary locomotor activity. These findings indicate that nonclassical ERα signaling mediates major effects of estradiol-17β on energy balance, raising the possibility that selective ERα agonists may be developed to reduce the risks of obesity and metabolic disturbances in postmenopausal women., Introduction In addition to its critical functions as a reproductive hormone, estradiol-17β ([E.sub.2]) plays a vital role in the regulation of energy balance and body weight (1). Estrogen deficiency at [...]

This paper draws on the geographies of emotion and masculinities literature to explore rural men's experiences of the 2016 Kaikōura/Waiau earthquake in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 men affected by the earthquake. Geographies of emotion enable reflection on the social context and individual circumstances of those impacted by natural hazard events, thereby contributing to understanding the way local constructions of gender influence people's experiences of disasters. The paper highlights how emotions are present regardless of how antipodean notions of hegemonic masculinity, reflecting stoicism and reserve, shape disaster responses. The research identified that two years on from the earthquake, men were still emotional when talking about the earthquake, yet attempted to silence their emotional distress. Through an analysis of emotion, men's hidden vulnerabilities and capacities, which are linked to sets of understandings about masculinities in place, are captured. This research illustrates the value of undertaking analysis of men's emotions in disaster spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]