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Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) is an extremely rare and distinctive sex cord stromal tumor, which occurs predominantly in the second and third decades of life. SSTs make up 2-6% of ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors. Due to the solid and distinct vascular structure of the tumor, it can be mistaken as a number of malignant ovarian tumors. As this specific neoplasm is very rare, it is not always possible to diagnose the tumor preoperatively with clinical and ultrasonographic findings. Furthermore, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis does not always confirm the diagnosis. In this case report, clinical findings, histopathological features, and macroscopic appearance during laparoscopy of an SST are presented in a 20-year-old woman with pelvic pain. SST should be considered among the differential diagnosis of women with adnexal masses. 35263835

Objectives: Crohn's disease (CD) is a repeating bowel disease characterized by remission and exacerbation periods. The disease mostly affects adults of reproductive age. Women with desires to conceive are concerned about the effects of CD on their fertility. To demonstrate the relationship between ovarian reserve and CD anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume were evaluated. Material and methods: The prospective case-controlled study was conducted at a tertiary referral center in Istanbul between March-August 2019. Ovarian functions were evaluated in 50 patients with CD and in 95 healthy women. Serum gonadotropin and AMH levels were determined. AFCs and ovarian volumes were calculated for all subjects. Results: AMH levels were significantly lower in CD patients (2.1 +/- 0.8) compared to the control group (3.3 +/- 0.9) (P = 0.001). Serum AMH levels were significantly lower in patients with active CD (2.1 +/- 0.6) than the CD patients in remission (2.6 +/- 0.8) (p = 0.002). Ovarian volumes and AFC values were significantly lower in both ovaries in CD patients compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Conclusions: AMH levels, ovarian volume and AFC counts, and thus ovarian reserve was shown to be decreased in CD patients of reproductive age compared to healthy control subjects. Because possible effects of inflammatory damage may be seen in newly diagnosed female CD patients who desire to have a child, we believe that CD patients should be comprehensively assessed for ovarian reserve.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of acupuncture performed as an adjuvant therapy to in vitro fertilization, on pregnancy rates by performing acupuncture on the day of embryo transfer, one hour before the procedure and one hour after the procedure.Study Design: In this open-label randomized prospective controlled study, 60 unexplained infertility patients enrolled for in vitro fertilization treatment were randomized by a computer-based number generator for acupuncture performance and no-treatment. All patients received rFSH (Gonal-F®) for ovulation induction and the antagonist Cetrorelix (Cetrotide®) to prevent premature ovulation. Ovulation was triggered by using hCG (Ovitrelle®) and egg collection was done after 36-48 hours. In the study group, acupuncture was performed by intradermal needling, bilaterally with a sterile needle, both one hour before and one hour after the embryo transfer. Acupuncture was not performed on the control group. The results of the treatment were evaluated 12 days after embryo transfer.Results: Thirty patients were randomized into the study group and 30 patients were randomly placed in the control group. Although there was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of β-hCG positivity, it was 43.3% in the study group and 36.7% in the control group (p>0.05).Conclusion: The success rate of in vitro fertilization was higher in terms of pregnancy rate in the patient group who received acupuncture procedure as well, but the difference was not statistically significant. This may be due to the type of acupuncture procedure selected or insufficient sample size. As a result, further studies involving larger numbers of participants and using different acupuncture techniques are needed.

Bulut, Berk (isu author) Removal of uterus during laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) is occasionally challenging and therefore sometimes requires morcellation. Morcellation techniques for hysterectomy can spread the cancer cells which were presumed benign preoperatively in to the abdomen or pelvis. Probability of an undetected malignity should not be disregarded and accordingly must be shared with the patient prior to LH. The present study aimed to identify the demographic and the clinical factors associated with the need for morcellation in patients undergoing LH. A total of 153 patients who underwent LH for presumed benign causes were enrolled in this retrospective study. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the need for the morcellation during the LH: Morcellation group and intact vaginal removal (IVR) group (it was possible to deliver the uterine specimen vaginally). The two groups were compared with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics, indications for LH, preoperative ultrasonographic findings and postoperative complications. The frequency of the postmenopausal women was significantly higher in the morcellation group than the IVR group (p = 0.005). Preoperative uterus width (p < 0.001) and postoperative Uterus weight (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the morcellation group compared to that of the IVR group. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the complication rate. Uterine weight (OR: 1.020, 95% CI: 1.008-1.031, p = 0.001) and menopause (OR: 2.571, 95% CI: 1.328-4.980, p < 0.001) were predictive for the need of morcellation. A cut-off value of 287.5 gram was able to predict the need for morcellation with 87% sensitivity and 71% specificity. The present study demonstrates that uterine weight and presence of the menopause are predictive for the need of morcellation at the time of the total LH. These factors should be considered in preoperative planning and used to further guide surgeons in providing LH. © 2020, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.

We aimed to investigate the efficacy of chewing gum on bowel movements after minimally invasive gynaecologic surgery, total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). The study was designed as a prospective randomised controlled study. We divided the patients into two groups regarding postoperative chewing gum after elective TLH operation. The demographic status and characteristics of the patients as well as, anaesthesia and operation records were obtained. The study group was asked to chew gum for 15 min in an hour starting from post-operative 4th hour until the patient passed flatus. In each patient, first auscultation of bowel sounds, first flatus and first defaecation time, as well as first mobilisation time and discharge time, were recorded. We compared the difference in abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting and post-operative ileus (POI) rates. Eight patients were excluded from the study due to matching with exclusion criteria. The remaining 126 patients were divided into two groups. First bowel sounds, first bowel movements, the timing of first gas discharge and the timing of the first defaecation was found significantly earlier in the given-chewing gum group (p .05). Mild symptoms of ileus were observed in two patients (3.2%) in the not given-chewing gum group and three patients (5.5%) in the given-chewing gum group. The symptoms were better tolerated by the patients who chew gums and no side effects regarding the treatment were observed. In post-operative patient care after minimally invasive surgery, chewing gum has a beneficial effect on bowel movements. This inexpensive and well-tolerated procedure ameliorates gastrointestinal (GI) functions, whereas it has little benefit on early mobilisation and timing of the patient discharge after patients undergoing TLH.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? There are many studies in the literature on the effect of gum on postoperative bowel movements, early mobilisation and short-term hospitalisation. However, there are still doubts about its use after minimally invasive surgery, especially in gynaecology practice.What do the results of this study add? Chewing gum after surgery is a well-tolerated, effective, safe, easy and convenient method and is easily accepted by patients. Its use by gynaecologists after TLH is still not clear. Our aim is to show the relationship between chewing gum and TLH with this study; We believe that early mobilisation after laparoscopic hysterectomy will not be of significant benefit after minimally invasive gynaecological surgeries as it is not significantly effective in early nutrition and early patient discharge.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our statistically not significant results obtained in this study may change after conducting randomised prospective studies involving more patients. However, we believe that giving chewing-gum after laparoscopic hysterectomy will not have a significant benefit.

This video will demonstrate a minimally invasive technique, in which the Manchester procedure was combined with laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy by retroperitoneal tunneling in patients with uterine prolapse and cervical elongation who wished to preserve the uterus. The principle steps and techniques to complete the operation are dictated in the video. The prolapse surgery was performed uneventfully, and the uterus was restored to its anatomical position. During the two years of follow-up, there were no complications from the prolapse or mesh-related events. No prolapse recurrence was observed. This technique facilitates uterine-sparing surgery, results in less bleeding and shorter operative time, and we believe that it may reduce the recurrence of prolapse due to the elongation of the cervix. (J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2022

Endometriosis is a disease that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Continuous pelvic pain seen in patients disrupts their well-being. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in depression and sleep disorders in patients with endometriosis before and after the operation.Forty-two women aged 18-49 with an indication for operation due to the diagnosis of stage 4 endometriosis and without a known psychiatric disorder were included in the study. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Beck Depression Inventory were used to compare sleep quality and mood of endometriosis patients before and after surgery.The mean age of the patients was 33.8 ± 7.6. The mean BMI of the patients was 24.6 ± 4.1. Endometrioma diameter was 248.42 ± 95.7 cm3 in patients with poor sleep quality, while it was 296.11 ± 271.53 cm3 in patients with good sleep quality, and a significant difference was observed (p 0.05). Poor sleep quality and severe depression were significantly higher in patients with infertility complaints. It was observed that sleep quality was not significantly correlated with bilateral endometrioma, a nodule in the Douglas, sacrouterine tenderness and mean ASRM scores (p 0.05). A significant decrease in depression complaints and a significant increase in sleep quality were observed in patients who underwent stage-4 endometriosis surgery (p 0.05).We showed that there was a significant increase in sleep quality and a significant decrease in depression symptoms in patients who underwent stage-4 endometriosis surgery. Since endometriosis affects the social life of patients in many ways, it is necessary to increase the knowledge and experience about the treatment of endometriosis with larger studies to be done. We believe that surgical treatment can reduce social problems and increase the quality of life of endometriosis patients.

Newborn hearing screening may fail due to some perinatal and neonatal factors. False positivity of newborn hearing screening increases costs, familial concerns and anxiety. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pethidine administered in the mother for labor analgesia on the false positivity rates of the newborn hearing screening test.This study was designed as a retrospective and cross-sectional study. A total of 75 pregnant women scheduled for vaginal delivery who received 50 mg intramuscular pethidine at the beginning of the active phase of the labor were included as the patient group and 68 pregnant women who did not receive pethidine as the control group. A total of 143 infants born with vaginal delivery were evaluated with otoacoustic emission (OAE) test before discharge. Perinatal and neonatal variables and test outcomes were recorded, and the correlation between false positivity rate and pethidine usage was evaluated.Initially, system records of 148 healthy term newborns were screened. Four patients who failed in both OAE tests and were referred to the Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) test and one patient who failed in all tests (first OAE, control OAE and AABR) and was referred to an upper center for further investigations and treatment were excluded from the study. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of birth features. First stage OAE test was reported as 'passed' in 8 (10.7%) and 58 (85.3%) newborns in the study and control groups, respectively; while OAE was reported as 'referred' and 'passed' in the second test in 67 (89.3%) and 10 (14.7%) newborns in the study and control groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of false positivity ratio (Pethidine significantly decreases the duration of the active phase, providing a good analgesic effect for pain management during labor. Therefore, it seems that pethidine can be used as an acceptable agent during labor. However, it may have neonatal effects after the delivery, causing false positivity in newborn hearing screening tests. The results of this study support the opinion that the OAE test should be performed in postpartum later dates in order to increase OAE passing rates and minimize costs and parents' concerns.

We aimed to investigate the impact of adopting an uterine manipulator (UM) on the postoperative (VL) and female sexual function index (FSFI) in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy (AH) for benign gynecological disease.Hysterectomies were performed with the Richardson technique; two variations, a UM or digital guidance, in this technique were used during the colpotomy step. Subjects were randomized and allocated to either hysterectomy with UM guidance (study group) or conventional hysterectomy (control group). Pre- and postoperative VL and FSFI were recorded for each patient. Additionally, surgeons' and residents' satisfaction in locating the colpotomy site was also scored by the surgical team postoperatively.There was a significant reduction in the VL (10.2 ± 1.2 cm vs. 8.3 ± 0.7 cm, p 0.001) and FSFI score (21.0 ± 4.1 to 17.1 ± 3.6, p 0.001) between the pre-operation stage and three months post-operation in the control group. However, no such significant changes were observed in the study group. Additionally, surgeons' and residents' satisfaction scores (SSS) for locating the colpotomy site were significantly higher in the study group as compared to the control group (p 0.001).Our findings revealed that implementation of an UM in AH prevented unintended shortening of the postoperative VL and avoided a decline in the sexual function as compared to the standard AH procedure. These benefits were probably due to the precise determination of the colpotomy site that resulted from the use of UM in AH.

Objective To demonstrate the laparoscopic excision technique of a juvenile cystic adenomyoma and show how the decidualization of ectopic endometrial tissue can lead to the misdiagnosis of a focus of ectopic pregnancy. Design Description and step-by-step demonstration of the surgical procedure using a video recording (Canadian Task Force Classification 3). Setting Teaching and research hospital. Patient(s) A 27-year-old gravida 2 parity 1 patient with one previous caesarean delivery presented to the emergency department with symptoms of pelvic pain and delayed menses. Her beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level was 2,161 mIU/mL. On transvaginal ultrasonography the uterine cavity appeared empty without any signs of a gestational sac, and a 42×45 mm heterogeneous mass was observed on the right cornual area. An 18×21 mm cystic area was observed within the mass. A diagnosis of cornual pregnancy was made and two doses of systemic methotrexate treatment were administered. On the 12th day following medical treatment, the patient reported increasing abdominal pain and free fluid was observed in the pouch of Douglas on ultrasonography. The decision to perform laparoscopic cornual excision was made. Main Outcomes and Measure(s) On laparoscopic exploration a tubal ectopic pregnancy was observed within the left fallopian tube. The presence of two simultaneous ectopic pregnancies, located in the left fallopian tube and the right cornual area, was suspected. However, upon careful inspection, the right fallopian tube appeared normal and the mass initially thought to be a right cornual pregnancy appeared more like a degenerated fibroid. A left salpingectomy was performed and the excision of the mass in the right cornual area was planned. An incision was made over the mass and the cystic inner area containing chocolate-brown colored fluid was drained. As there was no pseudo capsule surrounding the mass, the diagnosis of focal adenomyosis instead of degenerated fibroid was made. No endometriotic foci were observed within the pelvis. Different from the enucleation of a fibroid, the mass was dissected from the middle into two halves until healthy myometrium was reached on the floor of the mass. The two halves of the mass were resected totally by dissecting the adenomyotic tissue from the myometrium starting from the caudal end towards the cranial end. The first layer of the remaining myometrial defect was sutured extracorporeally with No.1 polyglactan sutures. The second and third layers were sutured intracorporeally with V-loc sutures. The resected left fallopian tube containing the ectopic pregnancy and the adenomyotic mass were externalized through a posterior colpotomy incision. Result(s) The patient was discharged 24 hours postoperatively without any complications. A diagnosis of juvenile cystic adenoma was made upon histopathological examination. The patient reported subsiding of her dysmenorrhea on the postoperative third month. Conclusion(s) Juvenile cystic adenomyosis (JCA), is a rare form of focal adenomyosis which is usually located in close proximity to the uterine insertion of the round ligament, contains a cystic inner area larger than 1 cm and is encountered before the age of 30 years. Some authors reported JCA to be an accessory and cavitated uterine mass (ACUM) anomaly developing as a result of gubernaculum dysfunction. The only difference between the two conditions is reported to be the presence of a denser area of adenomyosis surrounding the cystic area lined with endometrium in JCA than in ACUM. This case has shown that decidual changes observed in ectopic endometrial tissue within an adenomyotic area may be misdiagnosed as a focus of ectopic pregnancy. Atypical endometriomas demonstrating decidual changes may also be misdiagnosed as ovarian malignancies. In non-emergency situations, waiting for the decidualization effect of ectopic endometrium to subside can help in the definitive diagnosis of such cases. Our technique for JCA excision is different from enucleation of a fibroid and may aid in the total resection and dissection of the adenomyotic tissue from healthy myometrium.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopic chromopertubation (HCT) in the assessment of tubal patency by comparing its results with laparoscopic chromopertubation (LCT). Study Design The population of this prospective cohort study consisted of both fertile and infertile women. Sixty-four women were included to the study. HCT was assessed by the observation of the transport of highly concentrated methylene blue from uterine cavity to tubal ostia. The results of HCT were compared with the results of LCT as a gold standard. The accuracy of HCT, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in diagnosing tubal patency were calculated. Results The results of HCT and LCT were evaluated for right and left tubes, separately. One hundred and twenty-eight tubes were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for HCT were; 85.85%, 59.09%, 91% and 46.43%, respectively. Conclusion This study’s result showed that HCT had high sensitivity and moderate specificity values in the assessment of tubal patency. HCT during office hysteroscopy could give the chance to practitioners to assess tubal patency without subjecting the patient to multiple procedures.

Objective: We aimed to compare the maternal and neonatal complications in women who had undergone fourth or more cesarean section with to women who had undergone second or third cesarean section.Study Design: 162 women who had four or more cesarean section (study group) and 228 women who had undergone second or third cesarean section (control group) were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic features, obstetric, intraoperative, postpartum and neonatal complications were determined in both groups. Results: The preoperative hematocrit values were lower in study group (35.63.6) than the control group (36.64.3), (p

Objectives Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery and hysterectomy are often performed in the same session. The aim of this study was to determine which urinary incontinence surgery would be a better option for patients who would undergo a hysterectomy for various indications. Study design This retrospective study included 65 patients who had undergone total laparoscopic hysterectomy and anti-incontinence surgery (TOT or Burch).A retrospective chart review was performed to record the patient data including demographic features, duration of operations, postoperative complete blood count values and post-void residual urine volumes. ICIQ-UI and UDI-6 interrogations related to urinary incontinence were compared pre- and postoperatively between two groups. Results There was no difference in demographic characteristics and menopausal status between groups. No significant difference was found between two groups in postoperative period for urinary incontinence scores (p>0,05). When the duration of operation was compared, the duration was significantly higher in the TOT group. And the hematocrit drop in the group with TOT was significantly higher (p Conclusions Because the success rates of Burch colposuspension and transobturator procedures are similar, either of these two methods can be selected according to patient characteristics and surgeon experience. But Burch colposuspension seems to be more preferable in terms of blood loss and operation time than TOT.

In organ or non-organ-specific autoimmune disorders, human ovary is usually the target of the autoimmune attack. We aimed to demonstrate the correlation between ovarian reserve and DM1, based on the view that women with type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) will have lower AMH levels secondary to poor glycemic control and autoimmune attacks. Ovarian functions of 42 patients diagnosed with DM1 who use insulin and 65 healthy volunteers were analyzed. Basal hormone and AMH levels were measured during the follicular phase. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations, HbA1c and C-peptide levels were evaluated. The mean antral follicle count (AFC) was significantly lower in DM1 patients than in healthy controls (

This study aimed to investigate if the pregnancy associated plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) multiples of median (MoM) levels could be used as a marker for the early prediction of RDS. The present study was designed with data gathered from 1773 patients who were referred to our institution for first trimester fetal chromosomal anomaly screening. First trimester PAPP-A MoM values and postnatal RDS occurrences in these pregnancies were retrospectively analysed. Of the 1773 neonates that were included in the study, 28 were delivered at or beyond 37 weeks, and 42 were delivered less than 37 weeks of gestation. In the group of neonates at or beyond 37 weeks, the cut-off value for RDS prediction was determined as 1.02. For this cut-off value, sensitivity was 72.41% and specificity was 91.84%. The area under curve (AUC) was determined to be statistically significant (

Aim: To investigate whether endometrial polyps are associated with obesity and incidence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension in women who admitted with abnormal uterin bleeding in reproductive ages. Material and Method: We included 557 patients who had endometrial sampling due to the abnormal uterine bleeding. Patients with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia or cancer and concomitant uterine pathology were excluded (n=117). Finally, endometrial polyp group consisted of 120 patients and control group consisted of 320 patients. Results: Mean body mass index was statistically significantly higher in endometrial polyp group (30.1±2.94) compared to control group (28.2±1.92; p, Amaç: Anormal uterin kanama ile başvuran reprodüktif çağdaki kadınlarda, endometrial polip tanısının obezite, diyabet veya hipertansiyon sıklığı ile ilişkisi olup olmadığını araştırmak.Materyal ve Metot: Anormal uterin kanama nedeni ile endometrial örnekleme yapılan 557 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Postmenopozal kanaması olan, patoloji sonucunda endometrial hiperplazi veya kanser sapta-nan, eşlik eden uterin patolojisi bulunan hastalar çalışmadan dışlandı (n=117). Sonuç olarak endometrial polip grubu 120 hastadan oluşuyordu, kontrol grubu ise endometrial polip tanı- sı almamış 320 hastadan oluşturuldu. Bulgular: Ortalama vücut kitle indeksi, endometrial polip grubunda (30,1±2,94), kontrol grubu (28,2±1,92) ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksekti (p

Objectives: To compare the ‘strictly’ active management protocol in women with low risk of postpartum hemorrhage using the expectant management protocol with respect to changes in hematologic parameters, uterotonics, blood transfusions, or additional interventions. Material and methods: A randomized controlled prospective trial in which 934 singleton parturients enrolled; 654 were randomly assigned to the active and mixed management groups. The primary outcome parameter was the reduction in hemoglobin concentrations due to delivery, and the secondary outcome parameters were changes in hemoglobin of more than 3 g/dL (ΔHb ≥ 3 g/dL), durations of the third stage of labor, need for additional uterotonic agents, blood transfusions, manual removal of the placenta, and surgical evacuation of retained products of conception. Results: The mean postpartum hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher (P = 0.04) in the active management group with a significantly lower reduction (P = 0.03). Falls of hemoglobin levels of more than 3 g/dL (ΔHb ≥ 3g/dL) were less common in the active management group though not significantly (P = 0.32). The mean duration of the third stage of labor was significantly (P < 0.001) shorter in the active management group. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the need for additional uterotonic agents, uterine atony, blood transfusion, manual removal of the placenta, surgical evacuation of retained products of conception, and prolonged third stage of labor. Conclusions: Although active management of the third stage of labor was associated with higher postpartum hemoglobin levels, it did not influence the risk of ‘severe postpartum hemorrhage’ in women with low risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

To evaluate the utility of tumor markers and complete blood count to increase the diagnostic accuracy to detect malignant cases that are intraoperatively reported as mucinous borderline ovarian tumors (BOT).Patients who underwent laparotomy at our gynecologic oncology clinic between 2007 and 2015 for evaluation of an adnexal mass with an intraoperative frozen section report of mucinous BOT were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped according to the final pathological diagnoses (malignant, borderline and benign), and were compared in terms of tumor marker levels and complete blood count parameters. Significant parameters were evaluated together with frozen section results, and were assessed for diagnostic accuracy.A total of 63 patients were included in the study. Of these, 41 patients had borderline, 11 patients had benign, and 11 patients had malignant mucinous ovarian tumors. Patient age, menopausal status, hemoglobin, platelet and lymphocyte counts were similar among the groups (p0.05). On the other hand, white blood cell, neutrophil counts and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in malignant cases (p0.05). Similarly, CA125 and CA19-9 were significantly higher in malignant group (p0.05). When evaluated with the frozen section results, CA19-9 and NLR had the highest sensitivity to detect mucinous cancers (81 and 78 percent, respectively).In patients who have an intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of borderline mucinous ovarian tumors, CA19-9, NLR and CA125 were significant predictors of malignancy. In light of larger future studies, we believe that integrating these parameters into routine clinical practice may decrease the rate of under diagnosis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between lactate level in vaginal fluid and the latent phase of labour in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Seventy pregnant women with PPROM during 28-34 weeks' gestation were selected for this prospective observational study. All subjects underwent a pelvic examination involving the insertion of a vaginal speculum, and lactate levels were measured in vaginal fluid samples. The relationship between the lactate levels in the vaginal fluid and the latent phase of the labour was analysed using a logistic regression test. Of the patients, 48 (68.6%) had a latent period of 48 h or less, and 22 patients (31.4%) had a latent period longer than 48 h. The median lactate level was 3.81 mmol/L in patients with a latent period ≤ 48 h, and 3.36 mmol/L in patients with a latent period > 48 h. The lactate level in vaginal fluid was not found to be distinctive in the differentiation of patients according to the duration of the latent phase (receiver operating characteristic or ROC: 0.509; 95% confidence interval or CI: 0.361-0.657; p = 0.904). There was no significant correlation between the lactate level in the vaginal fluid and the transition from the latent phase to the active phase of labour in pregnancies complicated by PPROM.

In the present case-control study, we evaluated obstetric outcomes of pregnancies with normal nuchal translucency (NT) and abnormal ductus venosus (DV) Doppler findings in the first trimester combined screening test for chromosomal abnormalities. All study patients underwent DV Doppler examination, concurrent with the combined screening test. DV Doppler revealed pathologic findings in 14 pregnant women despite normal NT after the elimination of lost to follow-up and foetal anomaly. Obstetric outcomes of the case patients were compared with a control group that were matched for mean gestational age, and Crown-rump length with normal NT and DV Doppler measurements was selected comprising 88 pregnant women. Regarding maternal outcomes, women with abnormal DV Doppler findings had a higher rate of placental abruption, delivered at an earlier mean gestational age (preterm delivery). Interestingly, a higher rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery rate was observed in these patients. From the foetal perspective, pregnancies with abnormal DV Doppler had lower birth weight and received lower Apgar scores. In conclusion, an abnormal DV Doppler test in the first trimester was associated with poor maternal and foetal obstetric outcomes. These findings should be elucidated in future studies.

Aim: To investigate the effect of melatonin on ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovary. Material and Method: A total of 24 Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The rats were first numbered randomly and then randomly divided into four equal groups: sham, torsion, detorsion and melatonin groups. In group I (n = 6) sham, as well as in group II ovary torsion was not performed and no drug was administered. In group III, 1 hour of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion were performed and no drug was given. In group IV, melatonin was dissolved in 1% ethanol just before use. Melatonin was injected 1 hour before torsion to the torsion plus melatonin group. Right ovaries were surgically removed in all groups. Result: Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. We suggested that administration of melatonin would be in treating ovaries from torsion/detorsion induced damage in humans. The histopathological changes such as vascular congestion, edema, hemorrhage, and follicular degeneration were found to be decreased in the melatonin + ischemia-reperfusion group. Ischemia-reperfusion group: PECAM-I expression is positive in vessel of the stromal area. The follicles and interfolicular area infiltrated with CD68 positive cells were increased in a time of ischemia-reperfusion exposure dependent manner. Conclusions: Melatonin after ischemia-reperfusion CD31 and CD68 expressions is weak, due to the reduction of the inflammatory effects and hemorrhage is thought that melatonin is effective.

Aims: Creation of a bladder flap has traditionally been an integral surgical step of Cesarean birth, and the practicality of such a procedure to create a bladder flap is still highly debated. Methods: A total of 208 patients undergoing a primary cesarean birth were randomized. Group 1 (bladder flap) had 101 patients and group 2 (omission of a bladder flap) had 100 patients. The primary outcome was the total operating time and secondary outcomes were postoperative urinary symptoms, bladder injury, postoperative urinary retention, and postoperative residual urine volume. Results: No significant differences were found among groups in terms of mean total operating time and mean skin incision-to-delivery time. No bladder injury occurred in either group. Postoperative urine retention observed in the bladder flap group was 2%. The postoperative residual urine volume was significantly more in the bladder flap group compared to the non-bladder flap group (24.5 ± 2.8 vs. 16.2 ± 1.4 mL). The number of patients with dysuria was significantly higher in the bladder flap group (42 vs. 13%). Conclusions: The creation of a bladder flap during cesarean birth does not have an effect on intraoperative results and operation time, but it is associated with short-term urinary complaints, such as postoperative urinary retention and dysuria.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı maternal serum D-dimer ve fibrinojen düzeylerinin bir marker olarak intra uterin büyüme geriliğini (İUGG) saptamadaki etkinliğini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya Ocak 2011-Aralık 2011 tarihleri arasında gebelik takiplerini ve doğumlarını 3. basamak bir hastanede gerçekleştiren toplam 234 gebe dahil edildi. Gebeler iki gruba ayrıldı; grup 1: İUGG tanısı almış 117 gebe ve grup 2: kontrol grubu olarak İUGG bulunmayan 117 sağlıklı gebe. Tüm gebelerin serum D-dimer ve fibrinojen düzeyleri gebeliğin üçüncü trimesterinde ölçüldü. İki grup serum D-dimer ve fibrinojen düzeyleri açısından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Yaş, gebelik öncesi vücut kitle indeksi, sigara kullanımı ve gebelik haftası için gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadı (p>0,05). Gravida, parite, yaşayan çocuk sayısı ile maternal kanda bakılan fibrinojen seviyesinde ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edildi (p0.05). Gravidity, parity, number of children and maternal serum fibrinogen level were detected significantly different between the groups (p

Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects the biochemical components of first trimester combined aneuploidy screening test. Method A case-control study was performed at a tertiary referral hospital between years 2007–2013. Singleton pregnancies in the first trimester (11 +0 –13 +6 week) who had a history of PCOS and underwent first trimester combined aneuploidy screening test were included in the study. Three hundred and seventeen women met the criteria for inclusion. Control group was formed by 942 healthy pregnant women with similar gestational and maternal ages using a 1:3 ratio. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (fβ-hCG) and fetal nuchal translucency were compared between the study group and the controls. Results The biochemical components PAPP-A and fβ-hCG were significantly lower in the PCOS group compared with the control group (p=0.001). There was no difference among groups with regard to the nuchal translucency measurements (p=0.128). Conclusion Our study shows that the levels of biochemical components of first trimester combined aneuploidy screening test (PAPP-A and fβ-hCG) are altered in pregnant women with PCOS. Future trials of larger scale are needed to asses any need for readjustment of the risk in the patient population with PCOS. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of parity on perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by advanced maternal age.A total of 11 587 pregnancies were reviewed retrospectively from patient medical records. Singleton pregnancies greater than 24 weeks of gestation were included. The study group consisted of women ≥40 years old at the time of delivery, and the control group consisted of women aged between 20 and 30 years old. Data regarding age, parity, gestational age, mode of delivery, and obstetric and neonatal complications were collected. Firstly, pregnancies ≥40 years and the younger control group were compared altogether with respect to the obstetric and neonatal complications. Secondly, both groups were divided into subgroups according to parity, and a second comparison was made with controls.Mean maternal age in the study and control groups was 43±2.2 and 24±2.8 years, respectively. In women ≥40 years old, all of the investigated obstetric and neonatal complications except postpartum haemorrhage and foetal malformations were higher when compared to younger controls (p0.05). In the nulliparous ≥40 year old group, the most significant complications were preterm delivery (45.3%), low 5-minute Apgar score (15.2%), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (15.2%). On the other hand, in the multiparous group, preeclampsia (16.6%), abruptio placentae (5.1%), foetal demise (7.2%), and macrosomia (9.6%) were found to be significantly higher when compared to controls.The study suggests that pregnancies of maternal age ≥40 years carry increased risks for both neonatal and obstetric complications, and these risks seem to be effected by parity.Bu çalışmanın amacı, paritenin ileri maternal yaş ile komplike olmuş gebeliklerde perinatal sonuçlara olan etkisinin incelenmesidir.Toplam 11 587 gebeliğe ait takip dosyası retrospektif olarak incelendi. Çalışmaya 24 hafta üzeri tekiz gebelikler dahil edildi. Çalışma grubu doğum sırasında 40 yaş ve üzeri olan gebe kadınlardan, kontrol grubu ise 20–30 yaş arası gebe kadınlardan oluşturuldu. Hastaların yaş, parite, gestasyonel yaş, doğum şekli, obstetrik ve neonatal komplikasyonlara ait verileri toplandı. İlk olarak 40 yaş üzeri gebelerle genç kontrol grubunun tamamı obstetrik ve neonatal komplikasyonlar açısından karşılaştırıldı. Sonrasında, her iki grup da pariteye göre ayrılarak (nullipar ve multipar), ikinci bir karşılaştırma yapıldı.Çalışma ve kontrol grubunda ortalama maternal yaşlar sırasıyla 43±2.2 ve 24±2.8 yıl idi. Kırk yaş üzeri kadınlarda, postpartum kanama ve fetal malformasyonlar dışında incelenen tüm obstetrik ve neonatal komplikasyonlar kontrollere göre daha sıktı (p0.05). Nullipar 40 yaş üstü gebelerde kontrollere göre anlamlı olarak daha sık gözlenen en sık komplikasyonlar preterm doğum (%45.3), düşük 5.dakika APGAR skoru (%15.2), ve neonatal yoğun bakım ünitesine yatış (%15.2) idi. Diğer taraftan multipar grupta preeklampsi (%16.6), ablasyo plasenta (%5.1), fetal kayıp (%7.2) ve makrozomi (%9.6) kontrol grubuna göre daha sıktı (p0.05).Bu çalışmada, maternal yaşın 40’ın üzerinde olduğu gebeliklerde neonatal ve obstetrik komplikasyonlarda artış olduğu, ve bu risklerin pariteden etkilendiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Objective: To determine the optimal cone size to achieve a reliable sensitivity and specificity for clear surgical margins after cold knife conization (CKC). Material and Methods: The medical reports of patients who had high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions, carcinoma in situ, or stage 1A1 microinvasive carcinoma in their CKC specimens between June 2008 and January 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: In total, 315 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 40.7 years. The conization results were microinvasive carcinoma and high-grade squamous lesion (HSIL) for 8 and 307 patients, respectively. Ninety-nine patients had positive surgical margins. Eighty-one patients with positive cone margins underwent the repeat excisional procedure and 35 of them showed residual disease. In the univariate analyses, the patient age, menopausal status, and mean cone height parameters showed statistically significant differences between the patients with positive and negative margins. Also, residual disease was associated with the menopausal status and age of the patients. Conclusion: There is no optimal cone depth that is applicable for all patients. The most important predictors for positive margins are the menopausal status of the patient and that more than two quadrants are involved. However, the menopausal status and age of the patients were still predictors for residual disease. © 2016 by the Turkish-German Gynecological Education and Research Foundation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether it is possible to differentiate submucosal fibroids before interventional procedures based on mean platelet volume (MPV), in reproductive-age patients presenting with endometrial thickening and abnormal uterine bleeding.STUDY DESIGN: This study included 581 reproductive-age women who underwent diagnostic procedures (curettage or operative hysteroscopy) and were subsequently divided into two groups based on clinico-pathological findings. The first group included those with benign endometrial pathology (control group, n=438), and the second group consisted of those with submucosal leiomyomas (n=143). The demographic characteristics and complete blood count (CBC) data of these patients were collected retrospectively, and comparisons were made between groups.RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the groups according to demographic features and CBC parameters such as hemoglobin levels and white blood count (p>0,05). Platelet counts were significantly higher and MPV values were significantly lower in submucosal leiomyoma patients compared with the control subjects (p

The aim of the current study was to compare women who have normal ovarian ultrasonographic findings and women with ovulatory polycystic ovary (PCO), in terms of IVF treatment outcome. The study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital and included 906 women who underwent IVF treatment. Of these, 224 of the women had PCO (24.7%) and 682 of the women had normal ovarian morphology (75.3%) at the time of ultrasonographic examination prior to IVF. The treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups. In the PCO group, the number of oocytes at the size of > 16 mm, the overall number of collected oocytes and the number of fertilised oocytes were found to be significantly higher. Furthermore, the rates of implantation, biochemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy were significantly higher in the PCO group (p < 0.05). The detection of PCO morphology on baseline ultrasonography in IVF candidates may be associated with higher treatment success.

Study Objective Laparoscopic excision of a scar pregnancy and isthmocele repair with a barbed suture. Design A step-by-step explanation of the laparoscopic excision technique of a scar pregnancy and isthmocele repair. Setting Cesarean scar pregnancy occurs as a result of attachment of the products of conception to the uterine scar 1 , 2 , 3 . In the present case, a 34-year-old, gravida 4, para 1 patient with a history of 1 miscarriage and 1 ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed with type 2 cesarean scar pregnancy at 7 weeks of gestation. Dilation and curretage was performed at the 8th week of gestation to terminate the pregnancy. On ultrasonography performed 1 month later, placental material underlying the isthmocele was observed. Her beta human chorionic gonadotropin level was 13 836 mIU/mL. She was followed up for 1.5 months until the beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels were negative. However, the mass underneath the scar had grown larger, measuring up to 5 × 6 cm. Laparoscopy was performed because the patient reported vaginal spotting and pelvic pain. The incision was sutured with a synthetic absorbable unidirectional barbed suture (Stratafix Knotless Tissue Control Device; Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ). No residual scar defect was visible on follow-up ultrasonography 1 week and 1 month after surgery. Conclusion Barbed sutures ease the repair of uterine scar defects and can provide ideal reapproximation of thick myometrial tissue. Laparoscopic treatment of a scar pregnancy and isthmocele repair are effective and safe modes of treatment.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diurnal variation on biochemical results of first trimester aneuploidy screening test. Methods: A total of 2725 singleton pregnant female, who had normal fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, were included in the study during this period. Individuals were divided into two groups according to the sampling time (morning group: 09:00-11:00 am and afternoon group: 02:00-04:00 pm). Hormonal parameters (free-beta human chorionic gonadotropin [free ?-hCG] and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A [PAPP-A] multiples of median [MoM] levels) of first trimester (11+0-13+6 weeks) combined aneuploidy screening test were compared between morning and afternoon groups. Results: PAPP-A MoM levels were significantly lower in the afternoon group when compared to the morning group (p = 0.001), whereas free ?-hCG MoM levels were similar in the both groups (p = 0.392). Rate of high risk for Down syndrome (Combine risk >1/300) and amniocentesis ratio were found higher in the afternoon group than morning group, but there were no difference between groups for the number of fetuses with Down syndrome. Conclusion: Receiving the venous blood sample for first trimester aneuploidy screening test in the afternoon causes low PAPP-A MoM levels. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.

The purpose of present study was to investigate effects of nicotine on follicular development in the neonatal rats. In this study, 14 adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230-260 g (±10 g) were used as experimental animal. After detecting pregnancies with vaginal smear method, pregnant rats were two equal groups were separated. The pregnant females were treated with the nicotine for 21 days and litters were sacrificed at first day of birth. The ovaries of litters were processed through routine paraffin embedding method, serially sectioned by microtome, stained with hematoxylin-Eosin and immunohistochemical technique investigated by light microscope.In the ovary of group treated nicotine, Preventing follicular development was observed in granular degeneration and luteal cells. It was also observed in inflammation and bleeding vessels. Immunohistochemical localization of vimentin was restricted to the granulosa cells and stromal area. Nicotine treatment group in granular cells and luteal cells in E-cadherin expression was weak. We concluded that nicotine might affect the cellular junctions in the ovarian follicular development. The high intensity in the staining with vimentin observed in the granulosa cells of the follicles is probably due to functional changes that occur during the process of cystogenesis. © 2016, E-Century Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.

Background: Hydronephrosis is frequently encountered in advanced stage cervical cancers, and may be associated with mortality. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the effect of hydronephrosis on survival in patients with inoperable advanced stage cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: The study data were acquired by retrospective analysis of the patient records belonging to 165 women with FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage-IIIB or more advanced cervical cancer, which were not surgical candidates. Parameters including patient age, pathological diagnosis, disease stage, pelvic sidewall extension, presence of hydronephrosis and administration of chemoradiation were analyzed. Further, the effects of these variables on survival were assessed. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The distribution of the study patients according to disease stage was as follows: 131 (79.4%) had stage-IIIB, 18 (10.9%) had stage-IVB and 16 (% 9.7) patients had stage-IVA disease. Hydronephrosis was not evident in 91 (55.2%) of these patients, whereas 41 (24.8%) had unilateral and 33 (20%) patients had bilateral hydronephrosis. When compared to mean survival in patients who did not have hydronephrosis, survival was significantly shortened in patients who had bilateral and unilateral hydronephrosis (p < 0.05). There was no significant survival difference between patients with unilateral and bilateral hydronephrosis (p>0.05). Although patient age, pathological type, pelvic involvement, and chemotherapy treatment rates were similar (p>0.05), radiotherapy requirement rate and disease stage were significantly different among the study groups (p

Study Objective To demonstrate that laparoscopic excision of the endometrial tissue of a blind endometrial cavity in a patient with a Robert's uterus who did not consent to hysteroscopic surgery due to her virgin state and religious beliefs was an effective alternative treatment option for progressive dismenorrhea and pelvic pain. Design Presentation of a rare mullerian anomaly and a step-by-step demonstration of a laparoscopic excision technique in the endometrium of a blind uterine cavity (educative video) (Canadian Task Force classification III). Setting Robert's uterus is a rare mullerian anomaly characterized by the presence of a blind endometrial cavity and an asymmetric septum. Endometriosis may be encountered in 40% of patients with this anomaly. A 15-year-old virgin patient with progressive dysmenorrhea was diagnosed with a Robert's uterus anomaly on magnetic resonance imaging. Hysteroscopic surgery was suggested to form a communication between the blind endometrial cavity and the hemiuterus; however, the patient refused to undergo any vaginal surgery due to her virgin state and religous beliefs. A decision to excise the endometrial tissue of the blind cavity laparoscopically instead of performing a hemihysterectomy was made to prevent any adverse effects on the ovarian blood supply and damage to the myometrial wall of the unicornuate uterus. Intervention Laparoscopic resection of the blind endometrial cavity in a patient with a Robert's uterus anomaly. Conclusion Laparoscopic resection of a blind endometrial cavity is a safe and effective surgical alternative in patients who refuse vaginal surgery.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between placental localisation and perinatal outcomes. This study was performed in a tertiary centre hospital by retrospectively analysing the medical records of patients who were followed up and underwent delivery in the same hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the placental locations (central and lateral) in their routine sonographic fi ndings between the 18 and 24 weeks ’ gestation. Out of 1,057 patients, 87.4% ( n 919) had centrally located placentas and 12.6% ( n 133) had laterally located placentas. Preeclampsia was found to be signifi cantly higher in the lateral placental location group (4.5% vs. 1.6%; p 0.027). There was a signifi cant correlation with foetal growth restriction (FGR), preterm birth rates, low Apgar scores and need for neonatal intensive care unit in the lateral placental location group ( p 0.05). The pregnant women with laterally located placentas should be followed up promptly with special care for the risk of preeclampsia and FGR, and poor neonatal outcomes.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of ductus venosus (DV) and hepatic artery (HA) doppler in pregnant women who have high risk for aneuploidy in first trimester combined screening. Methods: This prospective study was performed between February 2011 and February-2012, at a tertiary referral hospital. Singleton pregnancies with high risk for aneuploidy in combined screening test and normal nuchal translucency (NT) measurements were included in the study group. Measurements of DV Pulsatility Index of Veins (PIV) and HA Pulsatility Index (PI) were compared between the study group and controls. Results: Within the study period, 104 women with singleton pregnancies were evaluated for DV and HA measurements and among these, 64 women met the inclusion criteria. A control group that comprised 40 women with similar gestational age, normal NT measurements and low-risk in first trimester combined tests was generated. DV-PIV measurements were significantly higher (p = 0.03), whereas HA-PI measurements were similar (p > 0.05) in women who had high-risk for aneuploidy in first trimester combined test. Conclusion: We concluded that the addition of DV-PIV and HA-PI measurements to the first trimester combined screening might increase the accuracy for Down syndrome detection. © 2014 Informa UK Ltd. All rights reserved.

The present study aimed to investigate the utility and importance of the various parameters of complete blood count panel for benign-malignant differentiation of adnexal masses.This retrospective study involved 316 patients with documented benign and 253 patients with malignant adnexal masses who underwent primary surgical treatment at a tertiary referral center. Prior to the study, all benign and malignant cases were compared within their own groups and then the benign and malignant cases were compared to each other. For all cases, cut-off, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet and CA-125 parameters, and the results were compared in regards to the groups.NLR, PLR, neutrophil, CA-125, and platelet values were higher in the malignant compared to the benign cases (p0.01). The lymphocyte value was lower in the malignant cases (p0.01). No significant differences were found for basophils and eosinophils (p0.05). For CA-125, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for all cases were 78%, 62%, 62% and 78%, respectively. For NLR, they were 65.6%, 72.1%, 65.3%, and 72.3%, and for PLR, 48%, 81%, 67%, and 66%. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity were 55% and 77% for CA-125, 66% and 58% for NLR, and 61% and 58% for PLR in early malignant cases.NLR and PLR appear to be useful methods that can be applied together with CA-125 due to the relatively high sensitivity values for the malign-benign differentiation of ovarian masses. Although the specificity of these parameters is lower than CA-125, especially in cases with early malignant ovarian pathology, their sensitivity being higher is promising for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. It can be used to detect ovarian malignancies in the early stages, and it will increase the treatment options and improve survival rates.