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This article provides an overview of nail diseases and their management. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing and assessing changes in the nails, as they can indicate underlying systemic or localized diseases. The most common nail diseases seen in primary care include fungal infections, psoriasis, trauma, and melanonychia. Treatment can be challenging due to the anatomy of the nail and limited options available. The article also discusses various nail conditions, such as discoloration, thickening, thinning, pitting, pain, abnormal curvature, and grooves. It provides information on specific conditions like nail psoriasis, longitudinal melanonychia, Bowen's disease, myxoid pseudocysts, onychopapilloma, malalignment, and chronic paronychia. Treatment options include physical therapies, surgery, and environmental management. Recognizing the clinical features and seeking appropriate treatment is crucial for timely diagnosis and improved outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the activation of mast cells (MCs) through the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) pathway. The study focuses on the chemokine CXCL17, which is expressed in mucosal tissues and has antimicrobial properties. The researchers found that CXCL17 activates human MCs via the MRGPRX2 pathway, and this activation may be important in inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis. The study also provides evidence of increased expression of CXCL17 in psoriatic skin, particularly in areas proximal to MRGPRX2-positive MCs. Further research is needed to understand the role of CXCL17-induced MC activation in psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases. [Extracted from the article]

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Nail unit melanoma carries diagnostic challenges conferring with its poor prognosis. This audit aims to characterise both clinical and dermoscopic features of nail unit malignant lesions and compare them with biopsied benign lesions. It focuses on informing future practice by aiding in the stratification and recognition of malignant diagnostic patterns in the Australian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nail disease is a common presentation in general practice. Recognising the clinical features of the various nail diseases can ensure that patient referrals to a dermatologist are prompt and that diagnosis and treatment are not delayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of rare, difficult-to-treat, inherited multisystem diseases affecting epithelial integrity. Patients with EB are affected by mechanical fragility of epithelial surfaces including the skin and, as a result, extensive recurrent blistering is a characteristic of the condition. Chronic wounds predispose patients with EB to the development of squamous cell carcinoma, which is a major cause of premature death. Objectives EASE was a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled, phase III study to determine the efficacy and safety of the topical gel Oleogel-S10 (birch triterpenes) in EB. EASE was funded by Amryt Research Limited. Methods Patients with dystrophic EB, junctional EB or Kindler EB and a target partial-thickness wound lasting ≥ 21 days and < 9 months that was 10–50 cm2, were enrolled and randomized via computer-generated allocation tables 1 : 1 to Oleogel-S10 or control gel – both with standard-of-care dressings. Study gel was applied to all wounds at least every 4 days. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with first complete closure of target wound within 45 days. Results A total of 223 patients were enrolled and treated (109 treated with Oleogel-S10, 114 with control gel). The primary endpoint was met; Oleogel-S10 resulted in 41·3% of patients with first complete target wound closure within 45 days, compared with 28·9% in the control gel arm (relative risk 1·44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·01–2·05; P = 0·013). Adverse events (AEs) occurred with similar frequency for Oleogel-S10 (81·7%) compared with control gel (80·7%). AEs were predominantly of mild-to-moderate intensity (4·6% were severe). Conclusions Oleogel-S10 is the first therapy to demonstrate accelerated wound healing in EB. Oleogel-S10 was well -tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a host of intracellular signals is known to contribute to wound healing, the role of the cell microenvironment in tissue repair remains elusive. Here we employed 2 different mouse [...]

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a severe skin fragility disorder associated with trauma-induced blistering, progressive soft tissue scarring, and increased risk of skin cancer. DEB is caused by mutations in type VII collagen. In this study, we describe the generation of a collagen VII hypomorphic mouse that serves as an immunocompetent animal model for DEB. These mice expressed collagen VII at about 10% of normal levels, and their phenotype closely resembled characteristics of severe human DEB, including mucocutaneous blistering, nail dystrophy, and mitten deformities of the extremities. The oral blistering experienced by these mice resulted in growth retardation, and repeated blistering led to excessive induction of tissue repair, causing TGF-[beta]1-mediated contractile fibrosis generated by myofibroblasts and pseudosyndactyly in the extremities. Intradermal injection of WT fibroblasts resulted in neodeposition of collagen VII and functional restoration of the dermal-epidermal junction. Treated areas were also resistant to induced frictional stress. In contrast, untreated areas of the same mouse showed dermal-epidermal separation following induced stress. These data demonstrate that fibroblast-based treatment can be used to treat DEB in a mouse model and suggest that this approach may be effective in the development of clinical therapeutic regimens for patients with DEB., Introduction Skin integrity and resistance to mechanical stress rely on the function of the dermal-epidermal junction zone (DEJZ), which anchors the epidermis to the underlying dermal matrix. The supramolecular cell [...]