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Cape Town (South Africa) provides a unique setting to critique the myriad forces producing the varied, contextual conditions of water security. In post-apartheid Cape Town, water is considered a constitutional right and all citizens are guaranteed free minimum access. Despite this progress, water security is often fragmented and personalized. This paper examines the perspectives and experiences of residents in Langa township following the 'Day Zero' event of 2018. Embedded in the optics of the crisis we found differentiated dimensions of security more reflective of the apartheid era. Our findings illustrate the need for adaptive water governance to promote water justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute water security vulnerability at regional to local scales is becoming increasingly apparent. In 2017, officials in Cape Town, South Africa, designated the term "Day Zero" to demark an exact time when the city's taps would be switched off due to critically low reservoir levels. Beyond Day Zero, residents would need to converge at communal water collection points to access a 25-L daily ration of water. The particulars of the crisis and stakeholder responses prove informative to other cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollen-based paleoclimate reconstructions using response surface and modern analog methods reveal an 8000-year record of July temperature fluctuations for 25 eastern Canadian lake sites located from the forest–tundra to the high Canadian Arctic. Postglacial conditions, characterized by warmer than present summer temperatures, prevailed in Baffin Island and NE Labrador beginning about 7500 and 7000 14C yr BP, respectively, resulting in warmer than present conditions throughout the region by 6000 14C yr BP (+0.5°C to 1°C). Further south, in Quebec and W Labrador, July temperatures were 1–2°C colder than present until after 6000 14C yr BP, and only reached modern values after all residual Laurentide ice had melted. Increased summertime insolation and the final disappearance of Laurentide Ice during the middle Holocene probably caused July temperatures throughout eastern Canada to peak between approximately 5000 and 3500 14C yr BP. Mid-Holocene warming relative to today was more pronounced in Baffin Island and NE Labrador (+1°C to 2°C) compared to the boreal and subarctic regions of Quebec and W Labrador (<+1°C). Over the past 4000 years, decreasing summertime insolation and colder sea surface temperatures in the Davis Strait and Labrador Sea contributed to a decline in July temperatures of 1–2°C throughout Baffin Island, and the tundra regions of N Quebec and Labrador. The absence of similar cooling in the records from the boreal forest may support the notion that the mean position of the summertime polar front blocked the colder Arctic air during the late Holocene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]