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Although 3D printers are already widely used in a variety of contexts, their profile in the manufacturing industry is only likely to grow. End-use items for 3D prototype devices, which utilize additive manufacturing technology because of their production structure, still need to be developed. This research shows how to improve the surface quality of ABS material items made with 3D printers by physically etching the layer traces on the surfaces using a chemical solution. The thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the machine's electronic and mechanical components. The mechanical system and the sensor equipment have been constructed with multiple options in mind to ensure optimal performance of the system. This instrument allowed researchers to see how varying the parameters of chemical abrasives affected the surface. It is also highlighted how the values of surface roughness of 3D-printed goods can vary greatly depending on the conditions of temperature, pressure, and time. The purpose of this research is to mitigate the drawbacks of using 3D printers for prototyping in various industries in order to gradually lower the surface roughness value.

Objective Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is an important psychological trauma associated with reduction in the quality of life, disruptions in the level of adjustment, emotional distress and anxiety. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of patient-physician relationship on FCR. Methods The study was designed as a multicentre survey study. The cancer survivors, who were under remission, were evaluated with structured questionnaires. Patient-physician relationship (PPR) scale in which higher scores indicate better relationship and FCR inventory was used. Results Between January and April 2019, 1,580 patients were evaluated. The median age was 57.0 (19-88), and 66% were female. There was high level of FCR scores in 51% of participants. There was a negative correlation between PPR and FCR scores (r = -.134,p < .001). In multivariate analysis, young age, female gender, history of metastasectomy and worse PPR were associated with high levels of FCR. Conclusion It is the first data showing the adverse impact of worse PPR on FCR. The strategies to improve the PPR should be practised. In addition, the cancer survivors, who are under the risk of FCR, should be evaluated and managed. C1 [Alkan, Ali; Tanriverdi, Ozgur] Mugla Sitki Kocman Univ, Sch Med, Med Oncol, Mugla, Turkey. [Yasar, Arzu; Gurbuz, Mustafa; Senler, Filiz Cay] Ankara Univ, Med Oncol, Sch Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Guc, Zeynep Gulsum; Yavuzsen, Tugba] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Med Oncol, Izmir, Turkey. [Basoglu, Tugba; Yumuk, Perran Fulden] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Med Oncol, Istanbul, Turkey. [Goksu, Sema Sezgin; Coskun, Hasan Senol] Akdeniz Univ, Med Oncol, Sch Med, Antalya, Turkey. [Basal, Fatma Bugdayci; Ates, Ozturk] Abdurrahman Yurtarslan Res & Training Hosp, Med Oncol, Ankara, Turkey. [Turk, Haci Mehmet] Bezmialem Univ, Sch Med, Med Oncol, Istanbul, Turkey. [Ozdemir, Ozlem] Izmir Bozyak Res & Training Hosp, Med Oncol, Izmir, Turkey. [Cinkir, Havva Yesil] Gaziantep Univ, Sch Med, Med Oncol, Gaziantep, Turkey. [Guven, Deniz Can] Hacettepe Univ, Med Oncol, Sch Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Kus, Tulay] Dr Ersin Arslan Training & Res Hosp, Med Oncol, Gaziantep, Turkey. [Turker, Sema] Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Res & Training Hosp, Med Oncol, Ankara, Turkey. [Koral, Lokman] Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Sch Med, Med Oncol, Canakkale, Turkey. [Karakas, Yusuf] Bodrum Acibadem Hosp, Med Oncol, Mugla, Turkey. [Ak, Naziye] Istanbul Univ, Sch Med, Med Oncol, Istanbul, Turkey. [Paydas, Semra] Cukurova Univ, Med Oncol, Sch Med, Adana, Turkey. [Karci, Ebru] Bagcilar Res & Training Hosp, Med Oncol, Istanbul, Turkey. [Demiray, Atike Gokcen] Pamukkale Univ, Med Oncol, Sch Med, Denizli, Turkey. [Demir, Atakan] Acibadem Maslak Hosp, Med Oncol, Istanbul, Turkey. [Alan, Ozkan] Tekirdag Publ Hosp, Med Oncol, Tekirdag, Turkey. [Keskin, Ozge] Selcuk Univ, Sch Med, Med Oncol, Konya, Turkey. [Nayir, Erdinc] VM Med Pk Mersin Hosp, Med Oncol, Mersin, Turkey. [Turhal, Serdar] Anadolu Med Ctr, Med Oncol, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may develop in patients with chronic hepatitis (CHB) even after 5 years of oral therapy and cannot be easily predicted. We assessed predictors of HCC development and the need for HCC surveillance in this setting. Methods: Of 1,951 adult Caucasians with CHB included in the PAGE-B cohort, 1,427 (73%) had completed >5 years of follow-up under therapy without developing HCC by year 5. Median follow-up was 8.4 years from treatment onset. Points-based risk scores were developed to predict HCC risk after year 5. Results: In years 5–12, HCC was diagnosed in 33/1,427 (2.3%) patients with cumulative incidences of 2.4%, 3.2% and 3.8% at 8, 10 and 12 years, respectively. Older age or age >50 years, baseline cirrhosis and liver stiffness (LSM) ≥12 kPa at year 5 were independently associated with increased HCC risk. The HCC incidence was lower in non-cirrhotics than cirrhotics at baseline with year-5 LSM

Background: Hepatitis D is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. Treatment guidelines recommend 1 year of peginterferon alfa, which is effective in 25–30% of patients only. Whether prolonged therapy with peginterferon alfa-2a for 96 weeks and combination therapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) would increase hepatitis D virus (HDV) RNA suppression is unknown. We aimed to explore whether prolonged treatment of HDV with 96 weeks of peginterferon would increase HDV RNA response rates and reduces post-treatment relapses. Methods: We did two parallel, investigator-initiated, multicentre, double-blind randomised, controlled trials at 14 study sites in Germany, Greece, Romania, and Turkey. Patients with chronic HDV infection and compensated liver disease who were aged 18 years or older were eligible for inclusion. All patients were HBsAg positive for at least 7 months, anti-HDV positive for at least 3 months, and HDV-RNA positive at the local laboratory at the screening visit. Patients were ineligible if alanine aminotransferase levels were higher than ten times above the upper limit of normal and if platelet counts were lower than 90 000 per μL, or if they had received interferon therapy or treatment with a nucleoside and nucleotide analogue within the preceding 6 months. Patients were randomly assigned by blinded stratified block randomisation (1:1) to receive 180 μg of peginterferon alfa-2a weekly plus either TDF (300 mg once daily) or placebo for 96 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with undetectable HDV RNA at the end of treatment assessed by intention to treat. The trials are registered as NCT00932971 and NCT01088659. Findings: Between June 24, 2009, and Feb 28, 2011, we randomly assigned 59 HDV RNA-positive patients to receive peginterferon alfa-2a plus TDF and 61 to receive peginterferon alfa-2a plus placebo, including 48 (40%) patients with cirrhosis to the two treatment groups (23 in the peginterferon alfa-2a plus TDF group and 25 in the peginterferon alfa-2a plus placebo group). The primary endpoint was achieved in 28 (48%) of 59 patients in the peginterferon alfa-2a plus TDF group and in 20 (33%) of 61 patients in the peginterferon alfa-2a plus placebo group (odds ratio 1·84, 95% CI 0·86–3·91, p=0·12). We recorded 944 adverse events (459 in the peginterferon alfa-2a plus TDF group and 485 in the peginterferon alfa-2a plus placebo group). The most common adverse events were haematological, behavioural (eg, fatigue), musculoskeletal, influenza-like syndromes, and psychiatric complaints. Interpretation: Addition of TDF resulted in no significant improvement in HDV RNA response rates at the end of treatment. These findings highlight that alternative treatment options are needed for hepatitis D. Funding: The HepNet Study-House (a project of the German Liver Foundation founded by the German Liver Foundation, the German Ministry for Education and Research, and the German Center for Infectious Disease Research), Hoffmann-La Roche, and Gilead Sciences. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

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Ozge Keskin, Suayib Yalcin Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Institute of Cancer, Ankara, Turkey Abstract: Somatostatin is a neuropeptide produced by paracrine cells that are located throughout the gastrointestinal tract, lung, and pancreas, and is also found in various locations of the nervous system. It exerts neural control over many physiological functions including inhibition of gastrointestinal endocrine secretion through its receptors. Potent and biologically stable analogs of somatostatin have been developed. These somatostatin analogs show different efficacy on different receptors, and receptors are varyingly concentrated in specific tissues. Antitumor and antisecretory effects of somatostatin analogs in cancer have been shown in several in vivo and in vitro studies. However, these activities have not always yielded into clinically relevant patient outcome benefit. Somatostatin analogs are of clinical benefit in treating symptoms of ectopic hormone secretion (adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone) in lung cancer, without inducing a significant tumor response. They have also been shown to induce a statistically significant decrease in bone pain and increase in Karnofsky performance status in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Somatostatin analogs alone or in combination with other agents have only limited antitumoral effect in breast cancer. In gastrointestinal cancers, studies have not shown an objective tumor response to somatostatin analogs except in endocrine tumors of the liver with symptomatic and biochemical improvement. In neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal system and pancreas, very high symptomatic and biochemical response rates have been achieved with somatostatin analogs. Antiproliferative activity has been clearly shown in metastatic midgut neuroendocrine tumors. Keywords: somatostatin analogs, oncology, radiolabeled, cancer