120 results on '"Kessler, R.C."'
Search Results
2. Predicting the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury in college students
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Kiekens, G., Hasking, P., Claes, L., Boyes, M., Mortier, P., Auerbach, R.P., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J.G., Kessler, R.C., Myin-Germeys, I., Nock, M.K., and Bruffaerts, R.
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- 2019
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3. The associations between non-suicidal self-injury and first onset suicidal thoughts and behaviors
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Kiekens, G., Hasking, P., Boyes, M., Claes, L., Mortier, P., Auerbach, R.P., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J.G., Kessler, R.C., Myin-Germeys, I., Nock, M.K., and Bruffaerts, R.
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- 2018
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4. Fear and distress disorders as predictors of heart disease: A temporal perspective
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Roest, A.M., de Jonge, P., Lim, C.W.W., Stein, D.J., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Bruffaerts, R., Bunting, B., Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M., Ciutan, M., de Girolamo, G., Hu, C., Levinson, D., Nakamura, Y., Navarro-Mateu, F., Piazza, M., Posada-Villa, J., Torres, Y., Wojtyniak, B., Kessler, R.C., and Scott, K.M.
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- 2017
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5. First onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in college
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Mortier, P., Demyttenaere, K., Auerbach, R.P., Cuijpers, P., Green, J.G., Kiekens, G., Kessler, R.C., Nock, M.K., Zaslavsky, A.M., and Bruffaerts, R.
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- 2017
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6. Stress management interventions for college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Amanvermez, Y., Rahmadiana, M., Karyotaki, E., de Wit, L., Ebert, D.D., Kessler, R.C., Cuijpers, P., Amanvermez, Y., Rahmadiana, M., Karyotaki, E., de Wit, L., Ebert, D.D., Kessler, R.C., and Cuijpers, P.
- Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of stress management interventions in reducing stress, depression, and anxiety among college students. Two separate meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were conducted using the random-effects model, for students with high-stress levels (n = 8) and for the unselected college student population (n = 46). Overall, main results showed moderate intervention effects for stress, depression, and anxiety in both groups. Subgroup analyses yielded significant differences related to the theoretical background, the type of control condition, and the length of the intervention in trials targeting students with high-stress levels. However, these subgroup differences, except for the theoretical background, were not observed in trials including unselected samples. Our results suggest that stress management interventions may be effective in reducing distress among college students.
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- 2023
7. A longitudinal investigation of non-suicidal self-injury persistence patterns, risk factors, and clinical outcomes during the college period
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Kiekens, G., Claes, L., Hasking, Penelope, Mortier, P., Bootsma, E., Boyes, Mark, Myin-Germeys, I., Demyttenaere, K., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R.C., Nock, M.K., Bruffaerts, R., Kiekens, G., Claes, L., Hasking, Penelope, Mortier, P., Bootsma, E., Boyes, Mark, Myin-Germeys, I., Demyttenaere, K., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R.C., Nock, M.K., and Bruffaerts, R.
- Abstract
Background Although non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is known typically to begin in adolescence, longitudinal information is lacking about patterns, predictors, and clinical outcomes of NSSI persistence among emerging adults. The present study was designed to (1) estimate NSSI persistence during the college period, (2) identify risk factors and high-risk students for NSSI persistence patterns, and (3) evaluate the association with future mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). Methods Using prospective cohorts from the Leuven College Surveys (n = 5915), part of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative, web-based surveys assessed mental health and psychosocial problems at college entrance and three annual follow-up assessments. Results Approximately one in five (20.4%) students reported lifetime NSSI at college entrance. NSSI persistence was estimated at 56.4%, with 15.6% reporting a high-frequency repetitive pattern (≥five times yearly). Many hypothesized risk factors were associated with repetitive NSSI persistence, with the most potent effects observed for pre-college NSSI characteristics. Multivariate models suggest that an intervention focusing on the 10-20% at the highest predicted risk could effectively reach 34.9-56.7% of students with high-frequency repetitive NSSI persistence (PPV = 81.8-93.4, AUC = 0.88-0.91). Repetitive NSSI persistence during the first two college years predicted 12-month mental disorders, role impairment, and STB during the third college year, including suicide attempts. Conclusions Most emerging adults with a history of NSSI report persistent self-injury during their college years. Web-based screening may be a promising approach for detecting students at risk for a highly persistent NSSI pattern characterized by subsequent adverse outcomes.
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- 2023
8. Sources of stress among domestic and international students: a cross-sectional study of university students in Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Amanvermez, Y., Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P., Ciharova, M., Bruffaerts, R., Kessler, R.C., Klein, A.M., Wiers, R.W., de Wit, L.M., Amanvermez, Y., Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P., Ciharova, M., Bruffaerts, R., Kessler, R.C., Klein, A.M., Wiers, R.W., and de Wit, L.M.
- Abstract
High perceived stress is associated with psychological and academic difficulties among college students. In this study, we aimed to investigate associations of student status (international vs domestic student in the Netherlands) with eight common sources of stress (i.e., financial, health, love life, relationship with family, relationship with people at work/ school, the health of loved ones, other problems of loved ones, and life in general). Participants were 2,196 college students (domestic: n = 1,642, international: n = 554) from two universities in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to estimate associations of student status with all eight sources of stress. Student status was significantly associated with higher levels of perceived stress in almost all life domains. International student status was significantly associated with higher perceived stress in the domains of financial situation and health of loved ones after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and other sources of stress. Findings highlight that several differences exist in the magnitude of perceived stress in certain areas between international and domestic students in the Netherlands. Consequently, it is essential to uncover the different needs of college students and develop specific strategies to deliver the most suitable services.
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- 2023
9. The impact of lifetime suicidality on academic performance in college freshmen
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Mortier, P., Demyttenaere, K., Auerbach, R.P., Green, J.G., Kessler, R.C., Kiekens, G., Nock, M.K., and Bruffaerts, R.
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- 2015
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10. Using self-report surveys at the beginning of service to develop multi-outcome risk models for new soldiers in the U.S. Army
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Rosellini, A. J., Stein, M. B., Benedek, D. M., Bliese, P. D., Chiu, W. T., Hwang, I., Monahan, J., Nock, M. K., Petukhova, M. V., Sampson, N. A., Street, A. E., Zaslavsky, A. M., Ursano, R. J., and Kessler, R.C.
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- 2017
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11. Four-month incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among healthcare workers after the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 pandemic
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Alonso, Jordi, Alayo, Itxaso, Alonso, Manuel, Álvarez, Mar, Amann, Benedikt, Amigo, Franco F., Anmella, Gerard, Aragón, Andres, Aragonés, Nuria, Aragonès, Enric, Arizón, Ana Isabel, Asunsolo, Angel, Ayora, Alfons, Ballester, Laura, Barbas, Puri, Basora, Josep, Bereciartua, Elena, Ignasi Bolibar, Inés Bravo, Bonfill, Xavier, Cotillas, Alberto, Cuartero, Andres, de Paz, Concha, Cura, Isabel del, Jesus del Yerro, Maria, Diaz, Domingo, Domingo, Jose Luis, Emparanza, Jose I., Espallargues, Mireia, Espuga, Meritxell, Estevan, Patricia, Fernandez, M. Isabel, Fernandez, Tania, Ferrer, Montse, Ferreres, Yolanda, Fico, Giovanna, Forjaz, M. Joao, Barranco, Rosa Garcia, Garcia TorrecillasC Garcia-Ribera, J. Manuel, Garrido, Araceli, Gil, Elisa, Gomez, Marta, Gomez, Javier, Pinto, Ana Gonzalez, Haro, Josep Maria, Hernando, Margarita, Insigna, Maria Giola, Iriberri, Milagros, Jimenez, Nuria, Jimenez, Xavi, Larrauri, Amparo, Leon, Fernando, Lopez-Fresneña, Nieves, Lopez, Carmen, Lopez-Atanes Juan Antonio Lopez-Rodriguez, Mayte, Lopez-Cortacans, German, Marcos, Alba, Martin, Jesus, Martin, Vicente, Martinez-Cortés, Mercedes, Martinez-Martinez, Raquel, Martinez de Salazar, Alma D., Martinez, Isabel, Marzola, Marco, Mata, Nelva, Molina, Josep Maria, de Dios Molina, Juan, Molinero, Emilia, Mortier, Philippe, Muñoz, Carmen, Murru, Andrea, Olmedo, Jorge, Ortí, Rafael M., Padrós, Rafael, Pallejà, Meritxell, Parra, Raul, Pascual, Julio, Pelayo, Jose Maria, Pla, Rosa, Plana, Nieves, Aznar, Coro Perez, Gomez, Beatriz Perez, Zapata, Aurora Perez, Pijoan, Jose Ignacio, Polentinos, Elena, Puertolas, Beatriz, Puig, Maria Teresa, Quílez, Alex, Quintana, M. Jesus, Quiroga, Antonio, Rentero, David, Rey, Cristina, Rius, Cristina, Rodriguez-Blazquez, Carmen, Rojas, M. Jose, Romero, Yamina, Rubio, Gabriel, Rumayor, Mercedes, Ruiz, Pedro, Saenz, Margarita, Sanchez, Jesus, Sanchez-Arcilla, Ignacio, Sanz, Ferran, Serra, Consol, Serra-Sutton, Victoria, Serrano, Manuela, Sola, Silvia, Solera, Sara, Soto, Miguel, Tarrago, Alejandra, Tolosa, Natividad, Vazquez, Mireia, Viciola, Margarita, Vieta, Eduard, Vilagut, Gemma, Yago, Sara, Yañez, Jesus, Zapico, Yolanda, Zorita, Luis Maria, Zorrilla, Iñaki, Zurbano, Saioa L., Perez-Solá, Victor, Mortier, P., Vilagut, G., Alayo, I., Ferrer, M., Amigo, F., Aragonès, E., Aragón-Peña, A., Asúnsolo del Barco, A., Campos, M., Espuga, M., González-Pinto, A., Haro, J.M., López Fresneña, N., Martínez de Salázar, A., Molina, J.D., Ortí-Lucas, R.M., Parellada, M., Pelayo-Terán, J.M., Pérez-Gómez, B., Pérez-Zapata, A., Pijoan, J.I., Plana, N., Polentinos-Castro, E., Portillo-Van Diest, A., Puig, M.T., Rius, C., Sanz, F., Serra, C., Urreta-Barallobre, I., Kessler, R.C., Bruffaerts, R., Vieta, E., Pérez-Solá, V., and Alonso, J.
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- 2022
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12. Four-month incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among healthcare workers after the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 pandemic
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Mortier, P., primary, Vilagut, G., additional, Alayo, I., additional, Ferrer, M., additional, Amigo, F., additional, Aragonès, E., additional, Aragón-Peña, A., additional, Asúnsolo del Barco, A., additional, Campos, M., additional, Espuga, M., additional, González-Pinto, A., additional, Haro, J.M., additional, López Fresneña, N., additional, Martínez de Salázar, A., additional, Molina, J.D., additional, Ortí-Lucas, R.M., additional, Parellada, M., additional, Pelayo-Terán, J.M., additional, Pérez-Gómez, B., additional, Pérez-Zapata, A., additional, Pijoan, J.I., additional, Plana, N., additional, Polentinos-Castro, E., additional, Portillo-Van Diest, A., additional, Puig, M.T., additional, Rius, C., additional, Sanz, F., additional, Serra, C., additional, Urreta-Barallobre, I., additional, Kessler, R.C., additional, Bruffaerts, R., additional, Vieta, E., additional, Pérez-Solá, V., additional, Alonso, J., additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Alayo, Itxaso, additional, Alonso, Manuel, additional, Álvarez, Mar, additional, Amann, Benedikt, additional, Amigo, Franco F., additional, Anmella, Gerard, additional, Aragón, Andres, additional, Aragonés, Nuria, additional, Aragonès, Enric, additional, Arizón, Ana Isabel, additional, Asunsolo, Angel, additional, Ayora, Alfons, additional, Ballester, Laura, additional, Barbas, Puri, additional, Basora, Josep, additional, Bereciartua, Elena, additional, Ignasi Bolibar, Inés Bravo, additional, Bonfill, Xavier, additional, Cotillas, Alberto, additional, Cuartero, Andres, additional, de Paz, Concha, additional, Cura, Isabel del, additional, Jesus del Yerro, Maria, additional, Diaz, Domingo, additional, Domingo, Jose Luis, additional, Emparanza, Jose I., additional, Espallargues, Mireia, additional, Espuga, Meritxell, additional, Estevan, Patricia, additional, Fernandez, M. Isabel, additional, Fernandez, Tania, additional, Ferrer, Montse, additional, Ferreres, Yolanda, additional, Fico, Giovanna, additional, Forjaz, M. Joao, additional, Barranco, Rosa Garcia, additional, Garcia TorrecillasC Garcia-Ribera, J. Manuel, additional, Garrido, Araceli, additional, Gil, Elisa, additional, Gomez, Marta, additional, Gomez, Javier, additional, Pinto, Ana Gonzalez, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hernando, Margarita, additional, Insigna, Maria Giola, additional, Iriberri, Milagros, additional, Jimenez, Nuria, additional, Jimenez, Xavi, additional, Larrauri, Amparo, additional, Leon, Fernando, additional, Lopez-Fresneña, Nieves, additional, Lopez, Carmen, additional, Lopez-Atanes Juan Antonio Lopez-Rodriguez, Mayte, additional, Lopez-Cortacans, German, additional, Marcos, Alba, additional, Martin, Jesus, additional, Martin, Vicente, additional, Martinez-Cortés, Mercedes, additional, Martinez-Martinez, Raquel, additional, Martinez de Salazar, Alma D., additional, Martinez, Isabel, additional, Marzola, Marco, additional, Mata, Nelva, additional, Molina, Josep Maria, additional, de Dios Molina, Juan, additional, Molinero, Emilia, additional, Mortier, Philippe, additional, Muñoz, Carmen, additional, Murru, Andrea, additional, Olmedo, Jorge, additional, Ortí, Rafael M., additional, Padrós, Rafael, additional, Pallejà, Meritxell, additional, Parra, Raul, additional, Pascual, Julio, additional, Pelayo, Jose Maria, additional, Pla, Rosa, additional, Plana, Nieves, additional, Aznar, Coro Perez, additional, Gomez, Beatriz Perez, additional, Zapata, Aurora Perez, additional, Pijoan, Jose Ignacio, additional, Polentinos, Elena, additional, Puertolas, Beatriz, additional, Puig, Maria Teresa, additional, Quílez, Alex, additional, Quintana, M. Jesus, additional, Quiroga, Antonio, additional, Rentero, David, additional, Rey, Cristina, additional, Rius, Cristina, additional, Rodriguez-Blazquez, Carmen, additional, Rojas, M. Jose, additional, Romero, Yamina, additional, Rubio, Gabriel, additional, Rumayor, Mercedes, additional, Ruiz, Pedro, additional, Saenz, Margarita, additional, Sanchez, Jesus, additional, Sanchez-Arcilla, Ignacio, additional, Sanz, Ferran, additional, Serra, Consol, additional, Serra-Sutton, Victoria, additional, Serrano, Manuela, additional, Sola, Silvia, additional, Solera, Sara, additional, Soto, Miguel, additional, Tarrago, Alejandra, additional, Tolosa, Natividad, additional, Vazquez, Mireia, additional, Viciola, Margarita, additional, Vieta, Eduard, additional, Vilagut, Gemma, additional, Yago, Sara, additional, Yañez, Jesus, additional, Zapico, Yolanda, additional, Zorita, Luis Maria, additional, Zorrilla, Iñaki, additional, Zurbano, Saioa L., additional, and Perez-Solá, Victor, additional
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- 2022
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13. ADHD Comorbidity Structure and Impairment: Results of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project (WMH-ICS)
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Mak, A.D.P., Lee, S., Sampson, N.A., Albor, Y., Alonso, J., Auerbach, R.P., Baumeister, H., Benjet, C., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D.D., Gutierrez-Garcia, R.A., Hasking, Penelope, Lapsley, C., Lochner, C., Kessler, R.C., Mak, A.D.P., Lee, S., Sampson, N.A., Albor, Y., Alonso, J., Auerbach, R.P., Baumeister, H., Benjet, C., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D.D., Gutierrez-Garcia, R.A., Hasking, Penelope, Lapsley, C., Lochner, C., and Kessler, R.C.
- Abstract
Objective: To examine the prevalence of ADHD and the association of comorbid disorders, and multivariate disorder classes with role impairment in college students. Method: About 15,991 freshmen (24 colleges, 9 countries, WMH-ICS) (response rate = 45.6%) completed online WMH-CIDI-SC surveys for 6-month ADHD and six 12-month DSM-IV disorders. We examined multivariate disorder classes using latent class analysis (LCA) and simulated a population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) of ADHD-related impairment. Results: About 15.9% had ADHD, of which 58.4% had comorbidities. LCA classified ADHD respondents to pure (42.9%), internalizing (36.0%), bipolar comorbidities (11.3%), and externalizing disorder classes (9.8%). ADHD, comorbidities, and multivariate disorder classes independently predicted severe impairment. PARPs: eliminating ADHD hypothetically reduced severe impairment by 19.2%, 10.1% adjusted for comorbidities, 9.5% for multivariate disorder classes. Conclusions: ADHD and comorbid disorders are common and impairing in college students. Personalized transdiagnostic interventions guided by multivariate disorder classes should be explored.
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- 2022
14. Do they actually work across borders? Evaluation of two measures of psychological distress as screening instruments in a non Anglo-Saxon country
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Carrà, G., Sciarini, P., Segagni-Lusignani, G., Clerici, M., Montomoli, C., and Kessler, R.C.
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- 2011
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15. The Associations of Common Psychological Problems With Mental Disorders Among College Students
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Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Aalten, P., Batelaan, N., Klein, A., Salemink, E., Spinhoven, P., Struijs, S., Vonk, P., Wiers, R.W., de Wit, L., Gentili, C., Ebert, D.D, Bruffaerts, R., Kessler, R.C., Karyotaki, E., Experimental psychopathology, Leerstoel Engelhard, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Mental Health, Psychiatry, Experimental psychopathology, Leerstoel Engelhard, Clinical Psychology, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center, APH - Global Health, Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, UM Student Desk - CSA, Research of the Student Medical Service, and Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG)
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Generalized anxiety disorder ,Psychological intervention ,RC435-571 ,medicine.disease_cause ,IDENTIFICATION TEST AUDIT ,INTERVIEW SCREENING SCALES ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,ADOLESCENTS ,medicine ,Bipolar disorder ,panic disorder ,generalized anxiety disorder ,METAANALYSIS ,Original Research ,Psychiatry ,bipolar disorder ,business.industry ,Panic disorder ,PSYCHOPATHOLOGY ,college students ,Perfectionism (psychology) ,medicine.disease ,PROCRASTINATION ,mental disorders ,Substance abuse ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,depression ,UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS ,Anxiety ,COGNITION ,psychological problems ,HEALTH ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Psychopathology ,Clinical psychology ,INTERVENTIONS - Abstract
Psychological problems like procrastination, perfectionism, low self-esteem, test anxiety and stress are common among college students. There are evidence-based interventions available for these problems that not only have direct effects on these problems, but also indirect effects on mental disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders. Targeting these psychological problems may offer new opportunities to prevent and treat mental disorders in a way that is less stigmatizing to students. In this study we examined the association of five psychological problems with five common mental disorders (panic, generalized anxiety, bipolar, major depressive, and substance use disorder) in a sample of 2,449 students from two Dutch universities. Psychological problems were measured with one item for each problem and mental disorders were measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scales. Associations were examined with Poisson regression models as relative risks (RR) of the disorders as a function of the psychological problems. The population attributable fraction (PAF) indicates by what percentage the prevalence of the mental disorder would be reduced if the psychological problem was addressed successfully by an intervention. Especially generalized anxiety disorder was strongly associated with psychological problems (strong associations with stress and low self-esteem and moderately with test anxiety). The group with three or more psychological problems had a strongly increased risk for generalized anxiety (RR = 11.25; 95% CI: 7.51-16.85), and a moderately increase risk for major depression (RR = 3.22; 95% CI: 2.63-3.95), panic disorder (RR = 3.19; 95% CI: 1.96-5.20) and bipolar disorder (RR = 3.66; 95% CI: 2.40-5.58). The PAFs for having any of the psychological problems (one or more) were considerable, especially for generalized anxiety (60.8%), but also for panic disorder (35.1%), bipolar disorder (30.6%) and major depression (34.0%). We conclude that common psychological problems are associated with mental disorders and with each other. After adjustment, psychological problems are associated with different patterns of mental disorders. If the impact of the psychological problems could be taken away, the prevalence of several mental disorders would be reduced considerably. The psychological problems may provide a promising target to indirectly prevent and intervene in psychopathology in hard to reach college students with mental disorders. ispartof: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY vol:12 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published
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- 2021
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16. Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression : An Individual Patient Data Network Meta-Analysis
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Karyotaki, Eirini, Efthimiou, Orestis, Sanz, Clara Miguel, Maas genannt Bermpohl, Frederic, Riper, H., Patel, V., Mira, A., Gemmil, A.W., Yeung, A.S., Lange, A., Williams, A.D., Mackinnon, A., Geraedts, A., van Straten, A., Meyer, A., Björkelund, B., Knaevelsrud, C., Beevers, C.B., Botella, C., Strunk, D.R., Mohr, D.C., Ebert, D.D., Kessler, D., Richards, D., Littlewood, Liz, Forsell, E., Feng, F., Wang, F., Andresson, G., Hadjistavropoulos, H., Christensen, H., Ezawa, I.D., Choi, I., Rosso, I.M., Klein, J.P., Shumake, J., Garcia-Campayo, J., Milgrom, J., Smith, J., Montero-Marin, J., Newby, J.M., Bretón- López, J, Schneider, J., Vernmark, K., Bücker, L., Sheeber, L.B., Warmerdam, L., Farrer, L., Heinrich, M., Huibers, M.J.H., Kivi, M., Kraepelien, M., Forand, N.R., Pugh, N., Lindefors, N., Lintvedt, O., Zagorscak, P., Carlbring, P., Phillips, R., Johansson, R., Kessler, R.C., Brabyn, Sally, Perini, S., Rauch, S.L., Gilbody, Simon, Moritz, S., Berger, T., Pop, V., Kaldo, V., Spek, V., Forsell, Y., Furukawa, Toshi A, and Cuijpers, Pim
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- 2021
17. The Associations of Common Psychological Problems With Mental Disorders Among College Students
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Experimental psychopathology, Leerstoel Engelhard, Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Aalten, P., Batelaan, N., Klein, A., Salemink, E., Spinhoven, P., Struijs, S., Vonk, P., Wiers, R.W., de Wit, L., Gentili, C., Ebert, D.D, Bruffaerts, R., Kessler, R.C., Karyotaki, E., Experimental psychopathology, Leerstoel Engelhard, Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Aalten, P., Batelaan, N., Klein, A., Salemink, E., Spinhoven, P., Struijs, S., Vonk, P., Wiers, R.W., de Wit, L., Gentili, C., Ebert, D.D, Bruffaerts, R., Kessler, R.C., and Karyotaki, E.
- Published
- 2021
18. Maltreatment during childhood and risk for common mental disorders among first year university students in South Africa
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Myers-Franchi, Bronwyn, Bantjes, J., Lochner, C., Mortier, P., Kessler, R.C., Stein, D.J., Myers-Franchi, Bronwyn, Bantjes, J., Lochner, C., Mortier, P., Kessler, R.C., and Stein, D.J.
- Abstract
Purpose: Childhood maltreatment elevates risk for common mental disorders (CMDs) during late adolescence and adulthood. Although CMDs are highly prevalent among university students, few studies have examined the relationship between childhood maltreatment and 12 month CMDs in a low- to middle-income countries. This paper describes the prevalence of maltreatment and the relationship between type, number and patterns of maltreatment exposure and 12 month CMDs among first-year university students in South Africa. Methods: Maltreatment and CMD data were collected via well-validated self-report scales (corresponding with DSM-IV diagnoses) in a web-based survey of first-year students from two large urban universities (n = 1290) in South Africa. Various multivariate modelling approaches (additive, restrictive interactive and latent class) were used to examine the relationship between maltreatment and CMDs. Results: Overall, 48.4% of participants reported childhood maltreatment, the most common type being emotional abuse (26.7%). Regardless of the modelling approach used, emotional abuse was the only type of maltreatment independently associated with 12-month diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) or drug use disorder (DUD) even after adjusting for types and number of types of maltreatment. Similarly, students in the latent class reflecting histories of emotional abuse (either alone or combined with physical abuse) were more likely to meet criteria for 12-month MDD, GAD or DUD. Conclusion: Findings confirm the high prevalence of childhood maltreatment among South African students. As this exposure elevates risk for MDD, GAD and DUD, interventions aimed at preventing and treating CMDs among first-year students should address experiences of childhood maltreatment.
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- 2021
19. Depression–anxiety relationships with chronic physical conditions: Results from the World Mental Health surveys
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Scott, K.M., Bruffaerts, R., Tsang, A., Ormel, J., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Benjet, C., Bromet, E., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Gasquet, I., Gureje, O., Haro, J.M., He, Y., Kessler, R.C., Levinson, D., Mneimneh, Z.N., Oakley Browne, M.A., Posada-Villa, J., Stein, D.J., Takeshima, T., and Von Korff, M.
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- 2007
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20. PMH32 Development of a Microsimulation Model to Evaluate the Clinical Burden of Major Depressive Episodes
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Benner, J., primary, Arnaud, A., additional, Suthoff, E., additional, Kessler, R.C., additional, Werneburg, B., additional, and Sussman, M., additional
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- 2020
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21. The prevalence and effects of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the performance of workers: results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative
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de Graaf, R., Kessler, R.C., Fayyad, J., ten Have, M., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Borges, G., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., de Girolamo, G., Haro, J.M., Jin, R., Karam, E.G., Ormel, J., and Posada-Villa, J.
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Distribution ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Demographic aspects ,Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Research ,Occupational diseases -- Research ,Employee performance -- Research ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Published
- 2008
22. Comorbidity
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Kessler, R.C., primary
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- 2001
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23. Evidence for genetic influences on personality from self-reports and informant ratings
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Heath, A.C., Kessler, R.C., Neale, M.C., Eaves, L.J., and Kendler, K.S.
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Twins -- Psychological aspects ,Personality -- Genetic aspects ,Nature and nurture -- Research ,Psychology and mental health ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
Self-report data on Extraversion (E) and Neuroticism (N), together with ratings by the co-twin, were obtained from a sample of 826 adult female twin pairs ascertained through a population-based twin register. Data were analyzed using a model that allowed for the contributions to personality ratings of the rater's personality (rater bias) as well as of the personality of the person being rated. For E, but not for N, significant rater bias was found, with extraverted respondents tending underestimate, and introverted respondents tending to overestimate, the Extraversion of their co-twins. Good agreement between self-reports and ratings by the respondent's co-twin was found for both E and N. Substantial genetic influences were found for both personality traits, confirming findings from genetic studies of personality that have relied only on self-reports of respondents.
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- 1992
24. International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci
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Schijven, D., Chen, C.-Y., Morey, R.A., Vermetten, E., Sanchez, S.E., Maihofer, A.X., Jett, M., Dale, A.M., Ratanatharathorn, A., McGlinchey, R.E., McLaughlin, K.A., Polimanti, R., Roberts, A.L., Williams, M.A., Nievergelt, C.M., Atkinson, E.G., Mors, O., Brashear, M., Gordon, S.D., Trapido, E., Haas, M., Lawford, B.R., Kimbrel, N.A., Sponheim, S.R., Daskalakis, N.P., Duncan, L.E., Rung, A., Orcutt, H.K., Pietrzak, R.H., Bustamante, A.C., Bisson, J.I., Koenen, K.C., McLean, S.A., Ripke, S., Kremen, W.S., Maples-Keller, J., Marmar, C., Sheerin, C.M., Calabrese, J.R., Andersen, S.B., Seligowski, A.V., Feeny, N.C., Polusny, M.A., Qin, X.-J., Daly, M.J., Ashley-Koch, A.E., Morris, C.P., Liberzon, I., Erbes, C.R., King, A.P., Zhao, H., Forbes, D., Jakovljevic, M., van den Heuvel, L.L., Peters, E.S., Evans, A., Boks, M.P., Aiello, A.E., Hougaard, D.M., Roy-Byrne, P., Bierut, L.J., Kranzler, H.R., Vinkers, C.H., Peterson, A.L., Wolf, C., Deckert, J., Linnstaedt, S.D., Stein, D.J., Levey, D.F., Almli, L.M., Martin, N.G., Williamson, D.E., Flory, J.D., Børglum, A.D., Guffanti, G., Stein, M.B., Lori, A., Khan, A., Baker, D.G., Ressler, K.J., Torres, K., Seedat, S., Andreassen, O.A., Neale, B.M., Werge, T., Mehta, D., Austin, S.B., Breen, G., Beckham, J.C., Geuze, E., Miller, M.W., Mortensen, P.B., Coleman, J.R.I., Provost, A.C., Norman, S.B., Garrett, M.E., McLeay, S., Van Hooff, M., Bolger, E.A., Franz, C.E., Luykx, J.J., Maurer, D., Wolff, J.D., Martin, A.R., Young, K.A., Lewis, C.E., Zoellner, L.A., Dennis, M.F., Delahanty, D.L., O’Donnell, M., Heath, A.C., Saccone, N.L., Domschke, K., Logue, M.W., Ursano, R.J., Smith, A.K., Rothbaum, A.O., Rutten, B.P.F., Harnal, S., Panizzon, M.S., Uddin, M., Babiat, D., Bryant, R.A., Gelernter, J., Smoller, J.W., Klengel, T., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Choi, K.W., Jovanovic, T., Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M., Nelson, E.C., Mavissakalian, M.R., Johnson, E.O., Hammamieh, R, Milberg, W.P., Nordentoft, M., Gillespie, C., Amstadter, A.B., Bradley, B., Teicher, M.H., Arbisi, P.A., Lebois, L.A.M., Hauser, M.A., Dzubur-Kulenovic, A., Hemmings, S.M.J., Gelaye, B., Sumner, J.A., Uka, A.G., Young, R.M.D., Voisey, J., Wang, Y., Galea, S., Wang, Z., Jones, I., Peverill, M., Disner, S.G., Seng, J.S., Kessler, R.C., Junglen, A.G., Wolf, E.J., Lugonja, B., Dalvie, S., Koen, N., Rice, J.P., Rothbaum, B.O., Thompson, W.K., Ruggiero, K., Karstoft, K.-I., Farrer, L.A., Stevens, J.S., Silove, D., Avdibegovic, E., Risbrough, V.B., Lyons, M.J., Bækvad-Hansen, M., and McFarlane, A.
- Abstract
The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma is heritable, but robust common variants have yet to be identified. In a multi-ethnic cohort including over 30,000 PTSD cases and 170,000 controls we conduct a genome-wide association study of PTSD. We demonstrate SNP-based heritability estimates of 5–20%, varying by sex. Three genome-wide significant loci are identified, 2 in European and 1 in African-ancestry analyses. Analyses stratified by sex implicate 3 additional loci in men. Along with other novel genes and non-coding RNAs, a Parkinson’s disease gene involved in dopamine regulation, PARK2, is associated with PTSD. Finally, we demonstrate that polygenic risk for PTSD is significantly predictive of re-experiencing symptoms in the Million Veteran Program dataset, although specific loci did not replicate. These results demonstrate the role of genetic variation in the biology of risk for PTSD and highlight the necessity of conducting sex-stratified analyses and expanding GWAS beyond European ancestry populations. © 2019, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.
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- 2019
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25. Association of DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder with traumatic experience type and history in the World Health Organization World Mental Health surveys
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Liu, H., Petukhova, M.V., Sampson, N.A., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Andrade, L.H., Bromet, E.J., De Girolamo, G., Haro, J.M., Hinkov, H., Kawakami, N., Koenen, K.C., Kovess-Masfety, V., Lee, S., Medina-Mora, M.E., Navarro-Mateu, F., O'Neill, S., Piazza, M., Posada-Villa, J., Scott, K.M., Shahly, V., Stein, D.J., Ten Have, M., Torres, Y., Gureje, O., Zaslavsky, A.M., Kessler, R.C., Al-Hamzawi, A., Al-Kaisy, M.S., Benjet, C., Borges, G., Bruffaerts, R., Bunting, B., De Almeida, J.M.C., Cardoso, G., Chatterji, S., Cia, A.H., Degenhardt, L., De Jonge, P., Demyttenaere, K., Fayyad, J., Florescu, S., He, Y., Hu, C.-Y., Huang, Y., Karam, A.N., Karam, E.G., Kiejna, A., Lepine, J.-P., Levinson, D., McGrath, J., Moskalewicz, J., Pennell, B.-E., Slade, T., Stagnaro, J.C., Viana, M.C., Whiteford, H., Williams, D.R., Wojtyniak, B., and NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
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Adult ,Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Male ,exposure to violence ,SDG 5 - Gender Equality ,SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ,life event ,cultural factor ,Resilience, Psychological ,psychology ,World Health Organization ,Health Surveys ,health survey ,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Life Change Events ,female ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,psychological resilience ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,middle aged ,statistics and numerical data ,cross-sectional study ,Humans ,human - Abstract
Importance: Previous research has documented significant variation in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) depending on the type of traumatic experience (TE) and history of TE exposure, but the relatively small sample sizes in these studies resulted in a number of unresolved basic questions. Objective: To examine disaggregated associations of type of TE history with PTSD in a large cross-national community epidemiologic data set. Design, setting, and participants: TheWorld Health OrganizationWorld Mental Health surveys assessed 29 TE types (lifetime exposure, age at first exposure) with DSM-IV PTSD that was associated with 1 randomly selected TE exposure (the random TE) for each respondent. Surveys were administered in 20 countries (n = 34 676 respondents) from 2001 to 2012. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2015, to September 1, 2016. Main outcomes and measures: Prevalence of PTSD assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Among the 34 676 respondents (55.4%[SE, 0.6%] men and 44.6%[SE, 0.6%] women; mean [SE] age, 43.7 [0.2] years), lifetime TE exposure was reported by a weighted 70.3%of respondents (mean [SE] number of exposures, 4.5 [0.04] among respondents with any TE). Weighted (by TE frequency) prevalence of PTSD associated with random TEs was 4.0%. Odds ratios (ORs) of PTSD were elevated for TEs involving sexual violence (2.7; 95%CI, 2.0-3.8) and witnessing atrocities (4.2; 95%CI, 1.0-17.8). Prior exposure to some, but not all, same-type TEs was associated with increased vulnerability (eg, physical assault; OR, 3.2; 95%CI, 1.3-7.9) or resilience (eg, participation in sectarian violence; OR, 0.3; 95%CI, 0.1-0.9) to PTSD after the random TE. The finding of earlier studies that more general history of TE exposure was associated with increased vulnerability to PTSD across the full range of random TE types was replicated, but this generalized vulnerability was limited to prior TEs involving violence, including participation in organized violence (OR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.0-1.6), experience of physical violence (OR, 1.4; 95%CI, 1.2-1.7), rape (OR, 2.5; 95%CI, 1.7-3.8), and other sexual assault (OR, 1.6; 95%CI, 1.1-2.3). Conclusion and relevance: The World Mental Health survey findings advance understanding of the extent to which PTSD risk varies with the type of TE and history of TE exposure. Previous findings about the elevated PTSD risk associated with TEs involving assaultive violence was refined by showing agreement only for repeated occurrences. Some types of prior TE exposures are associated with increased resilience rather than increased vulnerability, connecting the literature on TE history with the literature on resilience after adversity. These results are valuable in providing an empirical rationale for more focused investigations of these specifications in future studies. © 2017 American Medical Association. publishersversion published
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- 2017
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26. Trends in the prevalence of social phobia in the United States: a synthetic cohort analysis of changes over four decades
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Heimberg, R.G., Stein, M.B., Hiripi, E., and Kessler, R.C.
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- 2000
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27. Are social fears and DSM-IV social anxiety disorder associ7ated with smoking and nicotine dependence in adolescents and young adults?
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Sonntag, H, Wittchen, H.U, Höfler, M, Kessler, R.C, and Stein, M.B
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- 2000
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28. Mental health problems in college freshmen: Prevalence and academic functioning
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Bruffaerts, R, Mortier , P., Kiekens , G., Auerbach, R.P., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J.G., Nock , M.K., Kessler, R.C., Bruffaerts, R, Mortier , P., Kiekens , G., Auerbach, R.P., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J.G., Nock , M.K., and Kessler, R.C.
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BACKGROUND: Mental health problems in college and their associations with academic performance are not well understood. The main aim of this study was to investigate to what extent mental health problems are associated with academic functioning. METHODS: As part of the World Mental Health Surveys International College Student project, 12-month mental health problems among freshmen (N = 4921) was assessed in an e-survey of students at KU Leuven University in Leuven, Belgium. The associations of mental health problems with academic functioning (expressed in terms of academic year percentage [or AYP] and grade point average [GPA]) were examined across academic departments. RESULTS: Approximately one in three freshman reports mental health problems in the past year, with internalizing and externalizing problems both associated with reduced academic functioning (2.9-4.7% AYP reduction, corresponding to 0.2-0.3 GPA reduction). The association of externalizing problems with individual-level academic functioning was significantly higher in academic departments with comparatively low average academic functioning. LIMITATIONS: Limited sample size precluded further investigation of interactions between department-level and student-level variables. No information was available on freshman secondary school academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health problems are common in college freshman, and clearly associated with lower academic functioning. Additional research is needed to examine the potentially causal nature of this association, and, if so, whether interventions aimed at treating mental health problems might improve academic performance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- 2018
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29. The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students: A meta-analysis
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Mortier , P., Cuijpers, P., Kiekens , G., Auerbach, R.P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J.G., Kessler, R.C., Nock , M.K., Bruffaerts, R, Mortier , P., Cuijpers, P., Kiekens , G., Auerbach, R.P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J.G., Kessler, R.C., Nock , M.K., and Bruffaerts, R
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Background Adolescence and young adulthood carry risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB). An increasing subpopulation of young people consists of college students. STB prevalence estimates among college students vary widely, precluding a validated point of reference. In addition, little is known on predictors for between-study heterogeneity in STB prevalence. Methods A systematic literature search identified 36 college student samples that were assessed for STB outcomes, representing a total of 634 662 students [median sample size = 2082 (IQR 353–5200); median response rate = 74% (IQR 37–89%)]. We used random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled STB prevalence estimates, and multivariate meta-regression models to identify predictors of between-study heterogeneity. Results Pooled prevalence estimates of lifetime suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were 22.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.5–25.3%], 6.1% (95% CI 4.8–7.7%), and 3.2% (95% CI 2.2–4.5%), respectively. For 12-month prevalence, this was 10.6% (95% CI 9.1–12.3%), 3.0% (95% CI 2.1–4.0%), and 1.2% (95% CI 0.8–1.6%), respectively. Measures of heterogeneity were high for all outcomes (I 2 = 93.2–99.9%), indicating substantial between-study heterogeneity not due to sampling error. Pooled estimates were generally higher for females, as compared with males (risk ratios in the range 1.12–1.67). Higher STB estimates were also found in samples with lower response rates, when using broad definitions of suicidality, and in samples from Asia. Conclusions Based on the currently available evidence, STB seem to be common among college students. Future studies should: (1) incorporate refusal conversion strategies to obtain adequate response rates, and (2) use more fine-grained measures to assess suicidal ideation.
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- 2018
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30. A putative causal relationship between genetically determined female body shape and posttraumatic stress disorder
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Morey, R.A., Garrett, M.E., Roberts, A.L., Ratanatharathorn, A., Kessler, R.C., Gelernter, J., Dalvie, S., Hauser, M.A., Almli, L.M., Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Workgroup, Smoller, J.W., Baker, D.G., Ashley-Koch, A.E., Chen, C.-Y., Nugent, N.R., Rice, J.P., Farrer, L.A., Miller, M.W., Aiello, A.E., Nievergelt, C.M., Duncan, L.E., Bierut, L.J., Bradley, B., Wildman, D.E., Daly, M.J., Koen, N., Polimanti, R., Amstadter, A.B., Ressler, K.J., Galea, S., King, A., Bisson, J., Guffanti, G., Sumner, J.A., Kimbrel, N.A., Johnson, E.O., Maihofer, A.X., Ripke, S., Kranzler, H.R., Yehuda, R., Koenen, K.C., Ursano, R.J., Beckham, J.C., Uddin, M., Gelernter, J.E., Liberzon, I., Zhao, H., Saccone, N.L., Stein, M.B., Martin, A.R., Stein, D.J., and Logue, M.W.
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Background: The nature and underlying mechanisms of the observed increased vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women are unclear. Methods: We investigated the genetic overlap of PTSD with anthropometric traits and reproductive behaviors and functions in women. The analysis was conducted using female-specific summary statistics from large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a cohort of 3577 European American women (966 PTSD cases and 2611 trauma-exposed controls). We applied a high-resolution polygenic score approach and Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate genetic correlations and causal relationships. Results: We observed an inverse association of PTSD with genetically determined anthropometric traits related to body shape, independent of body mass index (BMI). The top association was related to BMI-adjusted waist circumference (WCadj; R = -0.079, P < 0.001, Q = 0.011). We estimated a relative decrease of 64.6% (95% confidence interval = 27.5-82.7) in the risk of PTSD per 1-SD increase in WCadj. MR-Egger regression intercept analysis showed no evidence of pleiotropic effects in this association (Ppleiotropy = 0.979). We also observed associations of genetically determined WCadj with age at first sexual intercourse and number of sexual partners (P = 0.013 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: There is a putative causal relationship between genetically determined female body shape and PTSD, which could be mediated by evolutionary mechanisms involved in human sexual behaviors.
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- 2017
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31. Mental disorders among college students in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
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Auerbach, R.P., Alonso, J., Axinn, W.G., Cuijpers, Pim, Ebert, D.D., Greif Green, J., Hwang, I., Kessler, R.C., Liu, H., Mortier, P., Nock, M.K., Pinder-Amaker, S., Sampson, N.A., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Andrade, L.H., Benjet, C., Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M., Demyttenaere, K., Florescu, S., de Girolamo, G., Gureje, O., Haro, J.M., Karam, E.G., Kiejna, A., Kovess-Masfety, V., Lee, S., McGrath, J.J., O’Neill, S., Pennell, B.E., Scott, K., ten Have, M., Torres, Y., Zaslavsky, A.M., Zarkov, Z., Bruffaerts, R., Clinical Psychology, and EMGO+ - Mental Health
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- 2016
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32. Psychological treatment of depression in college students: A meta-analysis
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Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I.A., Ebert, D.D., Koot, H.M., Auerbach, R.P., Bruffearts, R., Kessler, R.C., Clinical Psychology, Clinical Developmental Psychology, EMGO+ - Mental Health, and Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology
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SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth - Published
- 2016
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33. First onset of suicidal thought and behaviors in college
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Mortier , P., Demyttenaere, K., Auerbach, R., Cuijpers, Pim, Green, J.G., Kiekens , G., Kessler, R.C., Nock , M.K., Zaslavsky, A., Bruffaerts, R, Mortier , P., Demyttenaere, K., Auerbach, R., Cuijpers, Pim, Green, J.G., Kiekens , G., Kessler, R.C., Nock , M.K., Zaslavsky, A., and Bruffaerts, R
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Background College students are a worldwide increasing group of young people at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB). However, no previous studies have prospectively investigated the first onset of STB during the college period. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Leuven College Surveys, 2337 (response rate [RR]=66.6%) incoming freshmen provided baseline data on STB, parental psychopathology, childhood-adolescent traumatic experiences, 12-month risk for mental disorders, and 12-month stressful experiences. A total of 1253 baseline respondents provided data on 12-month STB in a two-year annual follow-up survey (conditional RR=53.6%; college dropout adjusted conditional RR=70.2%). Results One-year incidence of first-onset STB was 4.8–6.4%. Effect sizes of the included risk factors varied considerably whether viewed from individual-level (ORs=1.91–17.58) or population-level perspective (PARPs=3.4–34.3%). Dating violence prior to the age of 17, physical abuse prior to the age of 17, and 12-month betrayal by someone else than the partner were most strong predictors for first-onset suicidal ideation (ORs=4.23–12.25; PARPs=8.7–27.1%) and plans (ORs=6.57–17.58; PARPs=15.2–34.3%). Multivariate prediction (AUC=0.84–0.91) revealed that 50.7–65.7% of first-onset STB cases were concentrated in the 10% at highest predicted risk. Limitations As this is a first investigation of STB onset in college, future studies should use validation samples to test the accuracy of our multivariate prediction model. Conclusions The first onset of STB in college appears to be higher than in the general population. Screening at college entrance is a promising strategy to identify those students at highest prospective risk, enabling the cost-efficient clinical assessment of young adults in college.
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- 2017
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34. Sex dependent risk factors for mortality after myocardial infarction : individual patient data meta-analysis
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Loo, van, H.M., Heuvel, van den, E.R., Schoevers, R.A., Anselmino, M., Carney, R.M., Denollet, J., Doyle, F., Freedland, K.E., Grace, S.L., Hosseini, S.H., Parakh, K., Pilote, L., Rafanelli, C., Roest, A.M., Sato, H., Steeds, R.P., Kessler, R.C., Jonge, de, P., Loo, van, H.M., Heuvel, van den, E.R., Schoevers, R.A., Anselmino, M., Carney, R.M., Denollet, J., Doyle, F., Freedland, K.E., Grace, S.L., Hosseini, S.H., Parakh, K., Pilote, L., Rafanelli, C., Roest, A.M., Sato, H., Steeds, R.P., Kessler, R.C., and Jonge, de, P.
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Background. Although a number of risk factors are known to predict mortality within the first years after myocardial infarction, little is known about interactions between risk factors, whereas these could contribute to accurate differentiation of patients with higher and lower risk for mortality. This study explored the effect of interactions of risk factors on all-cause mortality in patients with myocardial infarction based on individual patient data meta-analysis. Methods. Prospective data for 10,512 patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction were derived from 16 observational studies (MINDMAPS). Baseline measures included a broad set of risk factors for mortality such as age, sex, heart failure, diabetes, depression, and smoking. All two-way and three-way interactions of these risk factors were included in Lasso regression analyses to predict time-to-event related all-cause mortality. The effect of selected interactions was investigated with multilevel Cox regression models. Results. Lasso regression selected five two-way interactions, of which four included sex. The addition of these interactions to multilevel Cox models suggested differential risk patterns for males and females. Younger women (age
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- 2015
35. Mental disorders and service use in the Netherlands: Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD)
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de Graaf, Ron, Ormel, Johan, ten Have, Margreet, Burger, Huibert, Buist - Bouwman, Maartje, Kessler, R.C., Üstün, T.B., Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), and Life Course Epidemiology (LCE)
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- 2008
36. Sex dependent risk factors for mortality after myocardial infarction: Individual patient data meta-analysis
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van Loo, H.M., van den Heuvel, E.R., Schroevers, R.A., Anselmino, M., Carney, R.M., Denollet, J., Doyle, F., Freedland, K.E., Grace, S.L., Hosseini, S.H., Parakh, Kapil, Pilote, L., Rafanelli, C., Roest, A.M., Sato, H., Steeds, R.P., Kessler, R.C., de Jonge, P., van Loo, H.M., van den Heuvel, E.R., Schroevers, R.A., Anselmino, M., Carney, R.M., Denollet, J., Doyle, F., Freedland, K.E., Grace, S.L., Hosseini, S.H., Parakh, Kapil, Pilote, L., Rafanelli, C., Roest, A.M., Sato, H., Steeds, R.P., Kessler, R.C., and de Jonge, P.
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Background Although a number of risk factors are known to predict mortality within the first years after myocardial infarction, little is known about interactions between risk factors, whereas these could contribute to accurate differentiation of patients with higher and lower risk for mortality. This study explored the effect of interactions of risk factors on all-cause mortality in patients with myocardial infarction based on individual patient data meta-analysis. Methods Prospective data for 10,512 patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction were derived from 16 observational studies (MINDMAPS). Baseline measures included a broad set of risk factors for mortality such as age, sex, heart failure, diabetes, depression, and smoking. All two-way and three-way interactions of these risk factors were included in Lasso regression analyses to predict time-to-event related all-cause mortality. The effect of selected interactions was investigated with multilevel Cox regression models. Results Lasso regression selected five two-way interactions, of which four included sex. The addition of these interactions to multilevel Cox models suggested differential risk patterns for males and females. Younger women (age <50) had a higher risk for all-cause mortality than men in the same age group (HR 0.7 vs. 0.4), while men had a higher risk than women if they had depression (HR 1.4 vs. 1.1) or a low left ventricular ejection fraction (HR 1.7 vs. 1.3). Predictive accuracy of the Cox model was better for men than for women (area under the curves: 0.770 vs. 0.754). Conclusions Interactions of well-known risk factors for all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction suggested important sex differences. This study gives rise to a further exploration of prediction models to improve risk assessment for men and women after myocardial infarction.Keywords: All-cause mortality, Interactions, Myocardial infarction, Prediction, Risk factors, Sex
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- 2014
37. A comparative analysis of role attainment and impairment in binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
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Kessler, R.C., primary, Shahly, V., additional, Hudson, J.I., additional, Supina, D., additional, Berglund, P.A., additional, Chiu, W.T., additional, Gruber, M., additional, Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., additional, Alonso, J., additional, Andrade, L.H., additional, Benjet, C., additional, Bruffaerts, R., additional, de Girolamo, G., additional, de Graaf, R., additional, Florescu, S.E., additional, Haro, J.M., additional, Murphy, S.D., additional, Posada-Villa, J., additional, Scott, K., additional, and Xavier, M., additional
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- 2013
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38. Use of mental health services in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
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Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Girolamo, G. de, Graaf, R. de, Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J.M., Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., Kovess, V., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Girolamo, G. de, Graaf, R. de, Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J.M., Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., and Kovess, V.
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Item does not contain fulltext, Objective: Comprehensive information about access and patterns of use of mental health services in Europe is lacking. We present the first results of the use of health services for mental disorders in six European countries as part of the ESEMeD project. Method: The study was conducted in: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. Individuals aged 18 years and over who were not institutionalized were eligible for an computer-assisted interview done at home. The 21 425 participants were asked to report how frequently they consulted formal health services due to their emotions or mental health, the type of professional they consulted and the treatment they received as a result of their consultation in the previous year. Results: An average of 6.4% of the total sample had consulted formal health services in the previous 12 months. Of the participants with a 12-month mental disorder, 25.7% had consulted a formal health service during that period. This proportion was higher for individuals with a mood disorder (36.5%, 95% CI 32.5–40.5) than for those with anxiety disorders (26.1%, 95% CI 23.1–29.1). Among individuals with a 12-month mental disorder who had contacted the health services 12 months previously, approximately two-thirds had contacted a mental health professional. Among those with a 12-month mental disorder consulting formal health services, 21.2% received no treatment. Conclusion: The ESEMeD results suggest that the use of health services is limited among individuals with mental disorders in the European countries studied. The factors associated with this limited access and their implications deserve further research.
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- 2004
39. 12-Month comorbidity patterns and associated factors in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
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Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Girolamo, G. de, Graaf, R.M. de, Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J.M., Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., Kovess, V., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Girolamo, G. de, Graaf, R.M. de, Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J.M., Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., and Kovess, V.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext, Objective: Comorbidity patterns of 12-month mood, anxiety and alcohol disorders and socio-demographic factors associated with comorbidity were studied among the general population of six European countries. Method: Data were derived from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD), a cross-sectional psychiatric epidemiological study in a representative sample of adults aged 18 years or older in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. The diagnostic instrument used was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Data are based on 21 425 completed interviews. Results: In general, high associations were found within the separate anxiety disorders and between mood and anxiety disorders. Lowest comorbidity associations were found for specific phobia and alcohol abuse—the disorders with the least functional disabilities. Comorbidity patterns were consistent cross-nationally. Associated factors for comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders were female gender, younger age, lower educational level, higher degree of urbanicity, not living with a partner and unemployment. Only younger people were at greater risk for comorbidity of alcohol disorder with mood, anxiety disorders or both. Conclusion: High levels of comorbidity are found in the general population. Comorbidity is more common in specific groups. To reduce psychiatric burden, early intervention in populations with a primary disorder is important to prevent comorbidity.
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- 2004
40. Psychotropic drug utilization in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
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Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Girolamo, G. de, Graaf, R. de, Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J.M., Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., Kovess, V., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Girolamo, G. de, Graaf, R. de, Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J.M., Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., and Kovess, V.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext, The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 investigators. Psychotropic drug utilization in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004: 109 (Suppl. 420): 55-64. © Blackwell Munksgaard 2004. Objective: To assess psychotropic drug utilization in the general population of six European countries, and the pattern of use in individuals with different DSM-IV diagnoses of 12-month mental disorders. Method: Data were derived from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000), a cross-sectional psychiatric epidemiological study in a representative sample of 21 425 adults aged 18 or older from six European countries (e.g. Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain). Individuals were asked about any psychotropic drug use in the past 12 months, even if they used the drug(s) just once. A colour booklet containing high-quality pictures of psychotropic drugs commonly used to treat mental disorders was provided to help respondents recall drug use. Results: Psychotropic drug utilization is generally low in individuals with any 12-month mental disorder (32.6%). The extent of psychotropic drug utilization varied according to the specific DSM-IV diagnosis. Among individuals with a 12-month diagnosis of pure major depression, only 21.2% had received any antidepressants within the same period; the exclusive use of antidepressants was even lower (4.6%), while more individuals took only anxiolytics (18.4%). Conclusion: These data question the appropriateness of current pharmacological treatments, particularly for major depression, in which under-treatment is coupled with the high use of non-specific medications, such as anxiolytics.
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- 2004
41. Sampling and methods of the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
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Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Girolamo, G. de, Graaf, R. de, Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J.M., Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., Kovess, V., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Girolamo, G. de, Graaf, R. de, Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J.M., Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., and Kovess, V.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext, The European Study of Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project was designed to evaluate the prevalence, the impact and the treatment patterns in Europe. This paper presents an overview of the methods implemented in the project. Method: ESEMeD is a cross-sectional study in a representative sample of 21 425 adults, 18 or older, from the general population of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) was administered by home interviews from January 2001 to August 2003 using Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) technology. Data quality was controlled to ensure reliability and validity of the information obtained. Results: Response rate varied from 78.6% in Spain to 45.9% in France. Less than 4% of the individuals had errors in the checking procedures performed. Conclusion: The sampling methodologies, comprehensive psychiatric instruments and quality control procedures used have rendered the ESEMeD database a unique and important source of information about the prevalence, the disability burden and unmet medical needs of mental disorders within Europe.
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- 2004
42. Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
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Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Girolamo, G. de, Graaf, R. de, Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J.M., Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., Kovess, V., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Girolamo, G. de, Graaf, R. de, Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J.M., Katz, S.J., Kessler, R.C., and Kovess, V.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext, Objective: To describe the 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of mood, anxiety and alcohol disorders in six European countries. Method: A representative random sample of non-institutionalized inhabitants from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain aged 18 or older (n = 21425) were interviewed between January 2001 and August 2003. DSM-IV disorders were assessed by lay interviewers using a revised version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Results: Fourteen per cent reported a lifetime history of any mood disorder, 13.6% any anxiety disorder and 5.2% a lifetime history of any alcohol disorder. More than 6% reported any anxiety disorder, 4.2% any mood disorder, and 1.0% any alcohol disorder in the last year. Major depression and specific phobia were the most common single mental disorders. Women were twice as likely to suffer 12-month mood and anxiety disorders as men, while men were more likely to suffer alcohol abuse disorders. Conclusion: ESEMeD is the first study to highlight the magnitude of mental disorders in the six European countries studied. Mental disorders were frequent, more common in female, unemployed, disabled persons, or persons who were never married or previously married. Younger persons were also more likely to have mental disorders, indicating an early age of onset for mood, anxiety and alcohol disorders.
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- 2004
43. The prevalence of treated and untreated mental disorders in five countries
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Bijl, R.V., Graaf, R. de, Hiripi, E., Kessler, R.C., Kohn, R., Offord, D.R., Ustun, T.B., Vicente, B., Vollebergh, W.A.M., Walters, E.E., Wittchen, H.U., Bijl, R.V., Graaf, R. de, Hiripi, E., Kessler, R.C., Kohn, R., Offord, D.R., Ustun, T.B., Vicente, B., Vollebergh, W.A.M., Walters, E.E., and Wittchen, H.U.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext, We analyzed survey data from Canada, Chile, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States to study the prevalence and treatment of mental and substance abuse disorders. Total past-year prevalence estimates range between 17.0 percent (Chile) and 29.1 percent (U.S.). Many cases are mild. Although disorder severity is strongly related to treatment, one- to two-thirds of serious cases receive no treatment each year. Most treatment goes to minor and mild cases. Undertreatment of serious cases is most pronounced among young, poorly educated males. Outreach is needed to reduce barriers to care among serious cases and young people at risk of serious disorders.
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- 2003
44. The epidemiology of major depressive episodes: results from the International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE) Surveys
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Andrade, L., Caraveo-Anduaga, J.J., Berglund, P., Bijl, R.V., Graaf, R. de, Vollebergh, W.A.M., Dragomirecka, E., Kohn, R., Keller, M., Kessler, R.C., Kawakami, N., Kilic, C., Offord, D.R., Andrade, L., Caraveo-Anduaga, J.J., Berglund, P., Bijl, R.V., Graaf, R. de, Vollebergh, W.A.M., Dragomirecka, E., Kohn, R., Keller, M., Kessler, R.C., Kawakami, N., Kilic, C., and Offord, D.R.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext, Absence of a common diagnostic interview has hampered cross-national syntheses of epidemiological evidence on major depressive episodes (MDE). Community epidemiological surveys using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview administered face-to-face were carried out in 10 countries in North America (Canada and the US), Latin America (Brazil, Chile, and Mexico), Europe (Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands, and Turkey), and Asia (Japan). The total sample size was more than 37,000. Lifetime prevalence estimates of hierarchy-free DSM-III-R/DSM-IV MDE varied widely, from 3% in Japan to 16.9% in the US, with the majority in the range of 8% to 12%. The 12-month/lifetime prevalence ratio was in the range 40% to 55%, the 30-day/12-month prevalence ratio in the range 45% to 65%, and median age of onset in the range 20 to 25 in most countries. Consistent socio-demographic correlates included being female and unmarried. Respondents in recent cohorts reported higher lifetime prevalence, but lower persistence than those in earlier cohorts. Major depressive episodes were found to be strongly co-morbid with, and temporally secondary to, anxiety disorders in all countries, with primary panic and generalized anxiety disorders the most powerful predictors of the first onset of secondary MDE. Major depressive episodes are a commonly occurring disorder that usually has a chronic-intermittent course. Effectiveness trials are needed to evaluate the impact of early detection and treatment on the course of MDE as well as to evaluate whether timely treatment of primary anxiety disorders would reduce the subsequent onset, persistence, and severity of secondary MDE.
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- 2003
45. 032 THE AMERICA INSOMNIA SURVEY: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF INSOMNIA IN SUBJECTS WITH VARIOUS COMORBIDITIES AND/OR CONDITIONS
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Kessler, R.C., primary, Coulovrat, C., additional, Hajak, G., additional, Roth, T., additional, Sampson, N., additional, Shillington, A.C., additional, Stephenson, J.C., additional, and Walsh, J.K., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. P.4.a.012 Should excessive worry be required for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder? - Results from the US national comorbidity survey replication
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Ruscio, A.M., primary, Chiu, W.T., additional, Roy-Byrne, P., additional, Stang, P.E., additional, Stein, D.J., additional, Wittchen, H.U., additional, and Kessler, R.C., additional
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- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. P.4.a.005 Should the duration requirement for generalized anxiety disorder be changed? - Evidence from the national comorbidity survey replication
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Wittchen, H.U., primary, Kessler, R.C., additional, Brandenburg, N., additional, Lane, M., additional, Roy-Byrne, P., additional, Stang, P.D., additional, and Stein, D.J., additional
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- 2006
- Full Text
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48. The epidemiology, natural history, and pharmacoeconomics, of social anxiety and PTSD
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Kessler, R.C., primary
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- 2000
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49. Anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Patterns and correlates of comorbidity
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Kessler, R.C., primary and Wittchen, H.-U., additional
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- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Screening for mental disorders: performance of the Composite International Diagnostic – Screener (CID–S)
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Wittchen, H.-U., primary, Höfler, M., additional, Gander, F., additional, Pfister, H., additional, Storz, S., additional, Üstün, Bedirhan, additional, Müller, N., additional, and Kessler, R.C., additional
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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