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Performing a systematic Bogoliubov-de Gennes spectral analysis, we illustrate that stationary vortex lines, vortex rings, and more exotic states, such as hopfions, are robust in three-dimensional atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, for large parameter intervals. Importantly, we find that the hopfion can be stabilized in a simple parabolic trap, without the need for trap rotation or inhomogeneous interactions. We supplement our spectral analysis by studying the dynamics of such stationary states; we find them to be robust against significant perturbations of the initial state. In the unstable regimes, we not only identify the unstable mode, such as a quadrupolar or hexapolar mode, but we also observe the corresponding instability dynamics. Furthermore, deep in the Thomas-Fermi regime, we investigate the particlelike behavior of vortex rings and hopfions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present families of beating dark-dark soiitons in spin-orbit (SO) -coupled Bose-Einstein condensates. These families consist of soiitons residing simultaneously in the two bands of the energy spectrum. The soliton components are characterized by two different spatial and temporal scales, which are identified by a multiscale expansion method. The soiitons are "beating" ones, as they perform density oscillations. The characteristic frequency of the latter is relevant to Zitterbewegung (ZB) oscillations, which were recently observed in experiments with SO-coupled condensates [C. Qu et al., Phys. Rev. A 88, 021604(R) (2013); L. J. LeBlanc etal.,New J. Phys. 15, 073011 (2013)]. We find that spin oscillations may occur, depending on the parity of each soliton branch, which consequently lead to ZB oscillations of the beating dark soiitons. Analytical results are corroborated by numerical simulations, illustrating the robustness of the soiitons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]