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Numerous indigenous plants may grow on Pakistan's soil due to its suitable climate. A few of these are now exploited as a source of expensive pharmaceuticals with therapeutic benefits. Since 4000-5000 B.C., people have used these native herbs as medicines. The Cordia gharaf plant is one of them. There are several phytochemicals found in plants, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and others, that can protect against disease. Many phytochemicals have a broad range of biological activities that help to protect against chronic illnesses, and around the world, they have been used to treat several different human ailments. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, more than 80% of the world's population uses traditional medicines for treatment and maintaining their health, and many valuable medications have been extracted from these medicinal plants. Therefore, scientific investigation is necessary to make enormous profits from these priceless medicinal plants. Due to the importance of the primary and secondary metabolites produced by these medicinal plants, our purpose includes the idea of examining biologically active components from these plants. Keeping in mind the foregoing, the goal of our research is to examine the phytochemicals from the selected species of Cordia gharaf that have disease-preventive properties.

Background:Chemotherapy-caused nausea and vomiting is a health problem in cancer patients. Olanzapine is used with serotonin receptor antagonists plus dexamethasone post Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists as the antiemetic. Objective: The study aimed to determine the efficacy of (5 and 10) mg of olanzapine with antiemetic drugs against chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Methods: The study groups are Group S: received triple antiemetic therapy aprepitant at (1-3) day, dexamethasone at (1-4) day, and ondansetron only on the first day. Group O5: received olanzapine 5 mg with triple antiemetic therapy aprepitant (1-3) days, dexamethasone (1-4) day, ondansetron the first day, and olanzapine 5 mg (1-4) days. Group O10: received (olanzapine 10 mg with triple antiemetic therapy) aprepitant (1-3) days, dexamethasone (1-4) days, ondansetron day 1, and olanzapine 10 mg (1-4) days. The cancer was diagnosed by mamograph; the MAT score was used to control chemotherapy-caused nausea and vomiting. Results: Higher acute and delayed nausea was observed in group S than in groups O5 and O10. Overall, nausea control was increased in group S than in groups O5 and O10. There was no significant difference between the different study groups. Conclusion: Olanzapine 5 mg and 10 mg could treat nausea more than triple antiemetic in patients with nausea.

Water is a blessing and reason forsurvival on earth for human beings. Without water, it is not difficult to live on earth, but it is impossible. Water fulfills domestic, drinking, agricultural, and industrial requirements and makes everything useful for us. Unfortunately, rapid increase in population, unplanned agriculture practices, and industrial sector have become a serious issues for environment and for future needs. Water will be a very important issue for next generations to face. Safe water access up to 50−100 liters per day for drinking and sanitation is a right of every human being, recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in July 2010. Approximately, six billion people may suffer from scarcity of clean water by 2050. The agriculture sector is the largest consumer of freshwater around 70% followed by industry and domestic of 19 and 11%, respectively. The global demand for water is gradually increasing by 1% per year. Global demand for water is predicted to increase by 55% between the years 2000 and 2050. Existing global water demand has been projected to about 4600 km3 every year and estimation may increase up to 20−30%, in range of 5500−6000 km3 every year by 2050.

Hopelessness has become of the common reason behind suicide. People who are disturbed and have commonly seen with presence of suicidal ideation or continuous experiences of self-harming have hopelessness in background. This is very essential to understand the mechanism of stress and its connection with hopelessness because of ineffective coping or lack of strong understanding in coping skills. Common presence of hopelessness is harmful and provides difficult situations in individual and families where results are ending lives or self-harming. At the end families have to join hands with health care providers to work on how to improve positive behavior and ignite hope among these people. Such kind of strategic endeavors can save live, build a hopeful society and bring a positive mental health change.

This study investigated and heartily focused on the impact of training for the development of women empowerment in Pakistan. Specific objective was to focus on the status of women can be change by providing them different types of trainings. Therefore researcher emphasized on vocational and technical, business development, knowledge sharing, social networking, human rights welfare, and health awareness training programmes. Literature review revealed that training and education are meridian constituents which are directly linked with the women empowerment for their economic growth and are capable to create employment for them by globalization and technological changes. Women empowerment is unique and very important component in this era that plays a significant role to enhance the confidence level of women to contribute in the society. Targeted population was women who live underserved areas in Karachi and different areas of Pakistan. Data was collected from the sample size of 128 .The value of adjusted R2 = 64.2% shows that women empowerment has strong relationship with training that covers all vocational and technical, business development, knowledge sharing, social networking, human rights welfare and health awareness training programmes. For analysis of data statistical tools ANOVA, Sample t test and regression analysis were used. The results were highly significant. This study was limited to women of Karachi and different cities of Pakistan. It had limitations due to time and budget constraints and some of these limitations. This study revealed that status of women was critical in Islamic countries, particularly in Pakistan. It is emphasized that there was a need of training for enhancement of knowledge, skills and abilities of women and helpful for the country for their intellectual capital.

The world is facing the energy crises and environmental issues in this century due to increased industrialization and overuse of natural resources for energy such as fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels generates greenhouse gases which aggravate the global warming. Researchers across the world are focusing on renewable, less CO2 and NOx emissions fuels. These fuels are important for sustainability and green economy. Biodiesel production from Algae is emerged as the promising alternative fuel, technically and environmentally acceptable and easily available. In this study, different parameters of the oil extraction process from algae biomass were studied. Samples of algal species Spirogyra were collected from Chashma Achuzai, Quetta, Pakistan and employed as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Oil from macroalgae Spirogyra was extracted using n-Hexane as a solvent. Effects of n-Hexane to oil ratio, size of algal biomass and contact time on the percentage yield of extracted oil was studied and analyzed. It was concluded that maximum amount of oil was extracted from Spirogyra by using a greater ratio of solvent to algal biomass, maximum contact time, smaller algal biomass size.