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Sustainability of agricultural development in swampland is required considering its fragile nature. The objective of research is to study the impact of tides on rice productivity in the flooded tidal swampland type B of Terusan Karya Village in July-October 2021. This research was a demonstration plots on the Rei 27 with an area of 14 ha that applied water management systems, soil tillage, application of ameliorant and fertilizer, use of improved rice and integrated pest management. The result showed lower water acidity with increasing distance from the Rei estuary, pH 3.16 to pH 4.71 at 2.3 km. Electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) increased with increasing distance, from 0.54 to 0.89 mmhos cm-1 and 272 to 446 ppm. The further away from the estuary the more acidic the soil, from pH 5.49 to pH 4.63. Other soil chemical properties such as Al, Fe, Mg, K, and CEC showed an irregular pattern. Rice yield showed a range of 4.3 – 5.2 t ha-1 in the estuary of Rei (0 km), increased (5.7 – 6.3 t ha-1) in the middle (1.0-1.5 km), then decreased (4.2-4.5 t ha-1) at the end (2.3-2.5 km). Soil pH and Fe concentration significantly impact to rice productivity.*

Dry land in Gunungkidul is the land that depends on rainfall as the main water source to the crops. This research aimed to evaluate the implementation of supplementary water irrigation and rice husk for improving soil quality. The study conducted at dry land of Wonosari-Gunungkidul on June-Sept 2019. Experimental Design used Randomized Completely Block and replicated four times. The treatments were frequency of irrigation, namely F1 (1 times), F2 (2 times), F3 (3 times) a week, and application of soil amendment, namely: M1 (without mulch), M2 rice straw 4 ton.ha-1), M3 (rice husks 4 ton.ha-1), M4 (straw mulch + rice husk 4 ton.ha-1). The result of study showed that applying straw much and rice husk plus supplementary water irrigation two times a week was able to provide the highest corn production (7.46 ton.ha-1) and was not significantly different to the irrigation three times a week and showed an increased yield of corn 52.56% compared to control (watering once a week and without mulch/rice husk). Applying straw and rice husk can be improved the chemical soil properties (increasing water holding capacity,C-organic, P and K available and CEC).The financial farming of BC ratio reached 2.25 and increased 144.56% compare to control treatment.

Tidal swampland at present and in the future is very strategic as one of the national food barns considering sloping of productive land. In South Kalimantan, for example, tidal swamp paddy fields are available which is quite large, but the most are still planted with local varieties. More than 70% of rice cultivation in the tidal swampland is planted with various local varieties. The existence of local rice varieties is inseparable from its adaptability and acceptability factors. Among local varieties that are popular and widely planted by farmers are Siam Saba and Siam Mutiara varieties. Siam Saba and Siam Mutiara were released as local-improved varieties. Both of these varieties have their respective advantages, both from the distribution of plant adaptation and the potential benefits of yield. Siam Saba variety is widespread in tidal swampland of acid sulfate soil types and soils that are seawater intrusion in the dry season (near the coast) with A/B overflow type, while Siam Mutiara in acid sulfate tidal paddy fields with B / C overflow type. Some of the advantages of Siam Saba compared to other local varieties are high yield potential of 4.70 t / ha, a large number of tillers, small and slender grain shape, white rice color, and amylose content of 81.69%. Whereas improved of Siam Mutiara is high yield potential of 4.80 t / ha, the color of clean yellow grain, the color of clear and translucent rice such as pearl, and amylose content of 48.88%. Both varieties showed uniform in growth, flowering time, and ripening simultaneously, in mature panicles with almost no green grains, and a high percentage of unfertile grains. Local rice cultivation technology (Siam Saba and Siam Mutiara) indigenous knowledge here includes seedbed, transplanting, land preparation, fertilizing, pest disease control, harvest, and post-harvest processing or yields carried out by indigenous farmers. This indigenous cultivation technology until now in tidal swamp paddy fields of South Kalimantan is still widely practiced by farmers, especially for ownership of narrow or limited rice fields. There were advantages and disadvantages of each in the practice of indigenous cultivation technology.

Tropical swamps are ecosystems with high genetic resources amongst plants, animals and microbes that are also in some demand as agricultural land. Traditional rice cultivars, known as swamp rice, are very interesting in this context, mainly because of their high adaptability to extreme local conditions such as waterlogging, low pH, heavy metal poisoning and salinity. We have collected 107 accessions of swamp rice from seven Indonesian provinces across the two large islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. In this study we aimed to determine the range of grain trait diversity amongst this swamp rice germplasm, and to cultivate the different forms under managed conditions at the Research Station of the Indonesian Swamp Agricultural Reseach Institute (ISARI) in South Kalimantan. The germplasm was classified into six categories on the basis of grain shape, i.e., very long-slender, very long-intermediate, long-slender, long-intermediate, medium-slender and medium-intermediate. The very long-slender class, identified as the indica subspecies, was dominant (71 %). The germplasm was planted successfully and grew well, with most plants >100 cm tall but showing height differences between different accessions. The accession Ketan from Lampung was tallest and Betek from South Sumatra was shortest. Our study provides an initial foundation for a future ex-situ conservation effort for swamp rice in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]