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There is a desperate need for extended versions of the classical distributions. There have been attempts to find novel families of probability distributions that widen existing families and provide great flexibility in data modeling in a number of application areas, including lifetime analysis, finance, and insurance. In this paper, we introduce a new family of distributions based on [0,1] Truncated and propose a new extension for the exponential distribution. The new distribution is called Truncated Nadarajah-Haghighi Distribution, symbolized with {[0,1]TNHE}. This study aims to derive some statistical properties for the new distribution, such as the quantile function, the mixture representation for the probability density function, the moments, the incomplete moments, the stress strength, the Rényi entropy, and the Shannon entropy. In addition, we estimated the parameters using the maximum likelihood method and proposed the simulation and application of the selected parameters using the statistical software R.

This paper investigates the estimation of three unknown parameters for the [0, 1] Truncated Nadarajah Haghighi Rayleigh distribution, denoted as ([0, 1] TNHR). It explores eight different estimation methods, namely the maximum likelihood, maximum product spacing, Anderson-Darling, Right Anderson-Darling, ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, Cramer-von Mises, and percentiles for point estimation. Detailed analyses were conducted to compare the effectiveness of these estimators in terms of bias and mean squared errors through extensive simulation experiments. The simulation results indicate that all the estimators perform well according to these criteria and exhibit similar values when the sample size is large. Some statistical properties of the new distribution are also derived. Additionally, the estimators were applied to two real life datasets, and the results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics were reported for each of them. Finally, the [0, 1] Truncated Nadarajah Haghighi Rayleigh distribution was applied to two real world datasets, its performance was compared to other famous extensions of Rayleigh distribution using four different selection criteria.

In this paper, the [0,1] truncated Nadarajah Haghighi- G family is introduced, and some of its statistical properties such as expansion of its PDF are derived. In addition, quantile function, survival function, hazard rate function, reversed hazard rate function, cumulative hazard rate function, odd functions, rth moments, incomplete moments, moment generating function, order statistic, moments of order statistic, Inequality measures, mean residual life and entropy. The parameters of this family were estimated by maximum likelihood method.

Background: One of the most prevalent illnesses in neonates that needs care and treatment is neonatal jaundice. Several drugs are used as pharmacological modalities for treating hyperbilirubinemia, like intravenous immunoglobulin, D-penicillamine, metalloporphyrin, phenobarbital, zinc sulfate and clofibrate. Previous studies suggest the usefulness of fenofibrate in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Objectives: The study aims at assessing the effectiveness of oral fenofibrate in the treatment of indirect neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in full-term neonates. Method: This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted at Heevi Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in Duhok, which is located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It involved term infants who had jaundice. The neonates who were eligible for the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the intervention group or the control group. Both groups were treated with conventional phototherapy. Fenofibrate was administered in a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg to the participants in the intervention group. Throughout the entirety of the treatment, levels of total serum bilirubin were compared and contrasted between the two groups. Results: After 12 h of treatment, a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.001) was seen in the serum bilirubin levels between the two groups. The difference in serum bilirubin levels became significantly progressively pronounced after 24, 48, and 72 h. The average time of discharge was 63.6 h for the intervention group and 90.9 h for the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The time it takes to lower high bilirubin levels in neonates may be shortened by combining conventional phototherapy with a single oral dosage of 10 mg/kg fenofibrate. Consequently, these neonates will experience a shorter hospitalization and an accelerated discharge from the hospital.

Background: Healthcare Workers (HCWs) constitute a major group exposed to influenza. Researchers herein try to determine the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). Influenza VE depends on the vaccinated personal characteristics and the closeness of matching between the vaccine and the prevalent strains of the virus. The aim of our research was to identify the 2018–2019 seasonal influenza VE in HCWs. Methods: a record-based study was carried out using the test-negative design from October 2018 to September 2019 to calculate the influenza VE. HCWs with influenza like illness (ILI) were screened to detect the positive cases, and the vaccination status was determined based on vaccination database. VE was assessed from the ratio of the odds of vaccination among positive cases to the odds of vaccination among negative controls. Statistical analysis Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted VE Results: a total of 556 HCWs presented with ILI, 65.6% were females, and 54.1% were nurses, 152 HCWs (27.3%) had laboratory-confirmed influenza, shows two peaks in January and March 2019. VE for all types was 35.0% and rose to 42.0% after adjustment for HCWs age, gender, nationality, and job position, influenza A (H3N2) VE was 78.0%. H1N1 VE was 55.0% but no significant VE for type B was found. Conclusion: Our VE estimates are in agreement with VE estimates published for that season. The use of quadrivalent vaccine with two stains of influenza B is recommended.

In this paper we introduce and study the concept weakly semi-2-absorbing submodule as a generalization of 2-absorbing subomdule, and give some of it is basic properties and characterization of this concept

This study explored the usefulness of the open dialogue strategy to help Saudi Arabian primary teachers teach, and fourth-grade students learn, the key biological concept of classification, which is a significant challenge for students to grasp, especially the concept of humans versus animals. The convenience sample comprised N = 84 Grade four students (50% female, 50% male) in the 2018 Autumn term from four schools (two boys/two girls) in one city in the Northern region of Saudi Arabia and four (N = 4) teachers (self-selected sampling), one for each of four classes. A content and conversational analysis of translated and transcribed transcripts of the researcher's classroom observations, interpreted through the communicative approach, the Intermental Development Zone (IDZ), and exploratory talk, affirmed the effectiveness of open dialogue in Saudi primary science classes. Findings showed that, to move through the dialogue process and learn about the scientific concept of classification, students drew on (a) their religious views, (b) their personal religious beliefs and (c) the notions of Darwin's theory of evolution and Islamic creationism. Findings affirmed that using dialogue in primary science classes helped students learn aspects of the Saudi science curriculum. Findings further supported preparing preservice and inservice Saudi science teachers in both planned and open dialogue teaching strategies.

Background: Wisdom holds that healthy and fit citizens ensure more successful national development plans. In its transition to a knowledge-based economy (Vision 2030), Saudi Arabia is depending on women's contributions and leadership. But Saudi females have historically lacked access to physical education or sports as evident in their compromised health status (44% obesity rate) compared to the national average (35.4%), which is nearly three times as high as the global average (13%). Purpose: This study demonstrated the benefit of soliciting health and sports-related academic specialists' voices to address the paucity of research that could inform policy and curricular decisions around healthy lifestyle, physical education, and sports access for Saudi women. Method: This exploratory qualitative study (2020-2021) involved N = 11 semi-structured interviews (purposive sampling) with Saudi faculty members (kinesiology, sports, physical education, and related specializations). The eight, mostly open-ended interview questions were inspired by existing work on international women's health issues. A thematic analysis revealed participants' learned insights and opinions about this issue. Findings: Four themes emerged. Participants opined that (a) education should be used to improve women's health, (b) everyone's lifestyle can be improved through educating women, (c) policymakers must be held accountable for ensuring access to relevant curricula and infrastructure, and (d) gender health equality must be in place to ensure women's healthy lifestyles. Conclusion: Exploratory research is beneficial when little is known about a phenomenon. It helps researchers better clarify the nature of the problem, and findings often serve as groundwork for future studies. Participants supported physical education curricula and a fitness infrastructure for Saudi women. A focus on healthy lifestyles through physical education classes and sports engagement via related infrastructure is strongly recommended as an important action for Saudi policymakers. This would help create a cultural imperative of healthy citizens for national development especially through women's health and physical fitness.

The purpose of this exploratory study undertaken in Saudi Arabia is to understand how in-service and new teachers perceive distance education. The study involved nineteen male and female postgraduates who were pursuing an education master's degree during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative research asking participants to provide a 300-word response to the open-ended question: "How will you implement what you have learnt in your studies so that distance education can be effectively provided and convince others of the merit of this approach?" The task was presented in Arabic and the complete assignments were returned electronically. The 11,181-word corpus underwent content and thematic analyses yielding eight themes. Participants addressed issues pertinent to teaching and learning, equity in technological access and digital literacy. To make DE in Saudi Arabia successful, thorough preparation of involved parties, including educators and learners, and their digital teaching and learning skills should be mastered.

Students' perceptions of the Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) approach in Saudi Arabian public secondary school chemistry classes was investigated. The sample comprised 189 Grade 10 students (male and female) from four schools in the northern and southern regions. Student-centered (POGIL) and teacher-focused chemistry teaching approaches were applied using the same instructional materials to randomly selected gendered experimental and control groups over a four-week period in winter 2018. Results from analyzing "What is Happening in This Class?" (WIHIC) data revealed that POGIL helped students more actively engage in the classroom thus enabling them to perceive their chemistry learning experience as positive and academically effective. POGIL also improved students' affective traits such as cohesiveness and personal relevance. There were no gendered differences in overall WIHIC scores. Results suggest that (a) POGIL mitigates the impact of borrowing education curricula and policies from Western countries and (b) Saudi pre-service and inservice teachers should receive POGIL training because POGIL works in the Saudi educational context.

It is of great importance that science educators teach COVID-19 and related pandemics to boost students' scientific literacy. A mixed methods research design (pre-post test instrument [N = 86] and semi-structured interviews [N = 11]--August 2020 to June 2021) evaluated the ability of an intervention (12 h, three-session, 3-day, online workshop) to augment middle school inservice science teachers' (Eastern Saudi Arabian province) ability to teach about medical terminology and the epidemiology of diseases. Teachers' cognitive gains were measured through evaluating their knowledge, comprehension, and application of workshop content before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics and inferential t tests revealed statistically significant cognitive differences overall (p < 0.01) (posttest mean = 26.26/30, SD 2.83, t value 18.51) and along knowledge (posttest mean = 5.72/7), comprehension (mean = 7.50/8), and application (mean = 13.05/15). A high effect size coefficient n2 indicated a large effect on cognitive gains. Thematic analysis about participants' subsequent efforts teaching workshop content to students revealed positive and negative experiences. The former included improved student engagement with the curriculum, community connections via project-based learning, and opportunities to teach colleagues about COVID-19. The latter concerned insufficient time, an obligation to teach the current curriculum without adding COVID-19 content, and administrative resistance. Recommendations pertain to augmenting the workshop curriculum and likeminded research initiatives.

Empowered women are a major factor in advancing towards progress and prosperity via national development. But national development plans have received very limited academic analysis. A quantitative descriptive research design was used to discern what actually exists in Saudi Arabia's recent national development plan ("Vision 2030") relative to women, childhood, and families as agents of development. Content analysis results revealed that "Vision 2030" contained numerous and varied mention of women and children (and families) in all three themes (vibrant society, thriving economy and ambitious nation) and five dimensions of national development: educational, cultural, social, health and technological. Future implementation of the plan should continue to respect the powerful rhetoric therein and ensure continued support to women by educating and empowering them to fully assume their self-desired role to be pivotal agents in national development.

This exploratory case study affirmed the merit of using science fiction-inspired story writing to help Saudi Arabian Grade 10 female students learn science. Recognizing that teacher-centered rote learning was not reaching her rural students in the western part of Riyadh Province, the female teacher in this case switched to the constructivist active learning pedagogy, especially story writing. The case study report reflects data from a teacher interview, classroom observations (n = 2), and a content analysis of students' (N = 25) two homework assignments. In the spirit of science fiction (SF), they were required to (a) demonstrate their science learning by weaving their imagination and personalities with the world of arthropods and writing a story that reflected the values and principles they aspired to spread in society and (b) answer the third conditional sentence question "What would you ask god for if you were a Crustacean?" A content analysis confirmed that students correctly used science facts while creatively and innovatively using their imagination to write stories reflective of their value systems. They valued identity, societal recognition, validation and respect, enduring friendships, dialogue and conversations, protection, and family. Regarding the God/Crustacean question, they wanted to be happy, at peace, safe, valued, respected, and have a clean place to live. The study confirmed the value of further investigating the use of the science fiction genre in Saudi science education and using writing to learn science.

This study explored the usefulness of the open dialogue strategy to help Saudi Arabian primary teachers teach, and fourth-grade students learn, the key biological concept of classification, which is a significant challenge for students to grasp, especially the concept of humans versus animals. The convenience sample comprised N = 84 Grade four students (50% female, 50% male) in the 2018 Autumn term from four schools (two boys/two girls) in one city in the Northern region of Saudi Arabia and four (N = 4) teachers (self-selected sampling), one for each of four classes. A content and conversational analysis of translated and transcribed transcripts of the researcher's classroom observations, interpreted through the communicative approach, the Intermental Development Zone (IDZ), and exploratory talk, affirmed the effectiveness of open dialogue in Saudi primary science classes. Findings showed that, to move through the dialogue process and learn about the scientific concept of classification, students drew on (a) their religious views, (b) their personal religious beliefs and (c) the notions of Darwin's theory of evolution and Islamic creationism. Findings affirmed that using dialogue in primary science classes helped students learn aspects of the Saudi science curriculum. Findings further supported preparing preservice and inservice Saudi science teachers in both planned and open dialogue teaching strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effectiveness of Agile methodologies in enhancing software quality and operational efficiency within the context of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 goals for public sector innovation. Through a rigorous quantitative research approach, the analysis assesses how Agile practices influence key aspects such as adaptability, development velocity, and service standards across government projects. Using experimental data derived from ongoing projects, this research reveals how Agile methods streamline processes and improve project outcomes. The results highlight Agile's potential as a transformative framework for achieving high-quality, responsive government software solutions. Practical insights and recommendations are provided for policymakers and practitioners seeking to drive sustainable, quality-oriented improvements within the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wadi El-Rayan lakes are important aquatic environments located at the border of the great North African Sahara. Quantifying the temporal changes in these lakes due to natural and/or anthropogenic stressors is critical when assessing potential impacts on aquatic ecosystem health and the sustainability of fisheries. To detect the changes in fish communities and their drivers, the landing composition of the Wadi El-Rayan lakes over the past 30 years was quantitatively analyzed. The areas of the lakes dramatically decreased from 110 km2 in 1991 to 73 km2 in 2019. The loss of the lake area was attributed to climate warming, where the evaporation rate exceeded the volume of recharge and the recharge decreased due to an increase in agriculture and aquaculture. The total landing significantly increased in the past three decades due to an increase in the fishing effort (number of licensed boats). Nile tilapia, mullet, and grass carp dominated the landings. The pelagic-to-demersal ratio indicated a shift in the fish community composition towards demersal species. This shift was attributed to an increase in the eutrophication level. The fish communities of the landing data were clustered into four distinct groups. These clusters were significantly differentiated (p < 0.001) in both a PERMANOVA test and a PCA plot. There was a gradual replacement of the dominant species among these clusters. The most recent cluster (2018–2019) was characterized by rare species dominating the community. This shift in species composition suggests that target taxa may have been overexploited. The total landing also decreased, which may have been a result of climate warming. Furthermore, the presence of alien and warm-water species significantly increased. The fish community structure and composition shift could be attributed to anthropogenic (mismanagement) and natural climatic changes (warming). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Wisdom holds that healthy and fit citizens ensure more successful national development plans. In its transition to a knowledge-based economy (Vision 2030), Saudi Arabia is depending on women's contributions and leadership. But Saudi females have historically lacked access to physical education or sports as evident in their compromised health status (44% obesity rate) compared to the national average (35.4%), which is nearly three times as high as the global average (13%). : This study demonstrated the benefit of soliciting health and sports-related academic specialists' voices to address the paucity of research that could inform policy and curricular decisions around healthy lifestyle, physical education, and sports access for Saudi women. : This exploratory qualitative study (2020–2021) involved N = 11 semi-structured interviews (purposive sampling) with Saudi faculty members (kinesiology, sports, physical education, and related specializations). The eight, mostly open-ended interview questions were inspired by existing work on international women's health issues. A thematic analysis revealed participants' learned insights and opinions about this issue. : Four themes emerged. Participants opined that (a) education should be used to improve women's health, (b) everyone's lifestyle can be improved through educating women, (c) policymakers must be held accountable for ensuring access to relevant curricula and infrastructure, and (d) gender health equality must be in place to ensure women's healthy lifestyles. : Exploratory research is beneficial when little is known about a phenomenon. It helps researchers better clarify the nature of the problem, and findings often serve as groundwork for future studies. Participants supported physical education curricula and a fitness infrastructure for Saudi women. A focus on healthy lifestyles through physical education classes and sports engagement via related infrastructure is strongly recommended as an important action for Saudi policymakers. This would help create a cultural imperative of healthy citizens for national development especially through women's health and physical fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most prevalent illnesses in neonates that needs care and treatment is neonatal jaundice. Several drugs are used as pharmacological modalities for treating hyperbilirubinemia, like intravenous immunoglobulin, D-penicillamine, metalloporphyrin, phenobarbital, zinc sulfate and clofibrate. Previous studies suggest the usefulness of fenofibrate in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Objectives: The study aims at assessing the effectiveness of oral fenofibrate in the treatment of indirect neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in full-term neonates. Method: This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted at Heevi Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in Duhok, which is located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It involved term infants who had jaundice. The neonates who were eligible for the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the intervention group or the control group. Both groups were treated with conventional phototherapy. Fenofibrate was administered in a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg to the participants in the intervention group. Throughout the entirety of the treatment, levels of total serum bilirubin were compared and contrasted between the two groups. Results: After 12 h of treatment, a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.001) was seen in the serum bilirubin levels between the two groups. The difference in serum bilirubin levels became significantly progressively pronounced after 24, 48, and 72 h. The average time of discharge was 63.6 h for the intervention group and 90.9 h for the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The time it takes to lower high bilirubin levels in neonates may be shortened by combining conventional phototherapy with a single oral dosage of 10 mg/kg fenofibrate. Consequently, these neonates will experience a shorter hospitalization and an accelerated discharge from the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was aimed to determined the main causes of ringworm in cows and antifungal and synergistic effects of ZnO nanoparticles. For this purpose 50 skin scrapes were collected from cows infected with ringworm, culture media, staining and genetic methods used for diagnosis. MIC and MFC for antifungal and ZnO were determined. The result showed that Trichophyton spp was isolated in rate of 76%. The isolation rate of T.verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were 68.4%, 21.0% and 10.5% respectively. MIC of Nystatin, fluocytosin, ZnO, Nystatin+ ZnO and Fluocytosin + ZnO were 200,150, 200, 150 and 100 μg/ml respectively. in conclusion, that T.verrucosum is main caused of Ringworm and ZnO has antifungal and synergistic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]