Search

Background: Obesity is a fast-growing global epidemic; it is associated with several comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Bariatric surgery is increasingly used due to its positive impacts on most of the comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with morbid obesity as it improves glycemia, lipids,blood pressure, andinflammation. Aim: To assess the effect of bariatric surgery on diabetic and dyslipidemic patients. Method: This is a retrospective study conducted on diabetic and dyslipidemic patients who underwent bariatric surgery. The study included the data of patients from 2009 to 2018 from KSMC. SPSS was used to analyze the collected data. Results: There were 808 diabetic patients included with a mean ±SD age of 42.1±11.05 years old, and 25 dyslipidemic patients with a mean ±SD age of 45.4±8.2 years. There were 72.4% of diabetic patients and 52% of dyslipidemic patients completed the treatment. Regarding diabetic patients, the outcome of patients was significantly associated with nationality (P˂0.0001) and the mean age of patients (P˂0.0001). The mean age had a significant impact on the outcome of the diabetic patients (P=˂0.0001) and had no effect in the case of the dyslipidemic patients (P=0.37). Conclusion: Bariatric surgery has a significant impact on chronic diseases such as diabetes and dyslipidemia, with a higher impact on diabetes compared to dyslipidemia.

Background: Excessive use of social media sites and applications was reported to be associated with depressive symptoms. We determined the association between social media use and depressive symptoms among adults in Riyadh and correlated the results with other studies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a self-administered survey questionnaire distributed to participants aged 13 years old and above. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used as a screening tool to measure depression. Positive and negative affective experiences were also assessed. Results: A total of 467 participants with a mean age of 27.0 ± 10.9 years were surveyed; 269 (57.6%) were males, and 198 (42.4%) were females. The mean of the total PHQ-9 score was 8.7 ± 5.8. There were 17 patients (3.6%) with no depression, 103 (22.1%) with minimal depression, 160 (34.3%) with mild depression, 113 (24.2%) with moderate depression, 47 (10.1%) with moderately severe depression, and 27 (5.8%) with severe depression. Females significantly had experienced moderate to severe depression compared to males (P = 0.040, OR = 1.48). One hundred eighty-seven respondents (40.0%) had moderate to severe depression on the three dimensions of social networking sites (SNSs) usage. The PHQ-9 score was positively significantly correlated with all three dimensions of the use of SNSs. The negative affective experiences ranked high among other affective experiences with depression, the highest mean of all the scales (5.8 ± 1.4). The positive affective experiences scored low, with contentment scoring the lowest (3.7 ± 1.9). Conclusion: A high percentage of moderate to severe depression and negative affective experiences, including anger and happiness, exists among individuals who excessively use and spend a lot more time using SNSs. A greater tendency toward depression occurs among females. Although the data from this study are self-reported, there is a need for health practitioners and family physicians to identify early signs of depression that warrants early intervention to address to mitigate and prevent the potentially harmful consequences that might happen in the future.

In this chapter we discuss existing methodology and reporting guidelines for pragmatic randomized clinical trials (pRCTs) identified from a literature review, consensus recommendations from these guidelines, and areas of need for future guidelines. Consensus from existing pRCT methodology and reporting guidance can assist in the design, conduct, and reporting of high-quality pRCTs. Further, lack of consensus indicates areas of need where methodology and reporting guidelines are limited or have not yet been developed. Consensus recommendations support the use of the Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary, version 2 (PRECIS-2) for both the design and reporting of pRCTs. Further, journals are more often requiring the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension for pragmatic trials checklist with manuscript submissions. Existing guidance can be strengthened in the areas of patient stakeholder involvement, effective communication of study results, improved understanding of usual care, including concomitant medications and changes in therapy, and balance between validity and fit-for-purpose among study design choices (traditional RCTs vs. routine clinical practice).

The effectiveness of explicit instruction, within the context of strategy development in learners, has been widely accepted for several years. However, the methods used within explicit vocabulary i...

Purpose: To explore the immediate (15-s post-warm-up) and the delayed (after 20 and 40 min of simulated volleyball play) effects of 2 different warm-up protocols—a stretching-free volleyball warm-up (NS) and a warm-up incorporating dynamic stretching (DS)—on subsequent change of direction (COD) performance in young elite volleyball players. Methods: Sixteen male players (age 16.88 [0.34] y, body mass 75.81 [5.41] kg, body height 1.91 [0.05] m, body mass index 20.84 [1.79] kg·m−2, and body fat percentage 9.48 [1.83]%) from the U-17 national volleyball team performed NS and DS on 2 different nonconsecutive days. During each testing session (NS and DS), half T-test performance measurements were performed after 5 minutes of a general warm-up (ie, baseline), immediately post-warm-up (after 15 s), and after 20 and 40 minutes of simulated volleyball play. Results: For DS, a significant improvement in COD performance (2.08%, P P = .001). Inferential statistics showed better COD performance in the DS condition after 20 minutes of play (2.32%, likely negative, d = 0.61). Conclusions: Compared with NS, DS tended to affect the pattern of improvement of COD performance during play by intensifying and accelerating it. Consequently, to enhance COD performance for up to 40 minutes into the game, it is recommended that DS be incorporated to the warm-up preceding the match.