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The current study aimed to evaluate the levels of melatonin and estrogen hormones and the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hS.CRP) and interleukin (IL-17) in the serum of pre- and post-menopausal women in Samarra city. The current study included (50) samples, 20 of which belonged to the group of premenopausal women, whose ages ranged from (25-45) years, and (30) samples from the group of postmenopausal women, whose ages ranged from (45-65) years. The results of the tests showed a significant decrease in the level of Melatonin and Estrogen hormones in the group of postmenopausal women. While there was a significant increase in the level of the two variables mentioned in the group of women before menopause, while the results showed the presence and significant increase in the level of High - Sensitive C-reactive protein (hS.CRP) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the group of women after Menopause and their decline before menopause at a significant level (P≤0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to identify the therapeutic effect of Furosemide at a dose of 40 mg and to compare its effect with Amlodipine at a dose of 10 mg on some biochemical parameters of males with high blood pressure who used the two treatments daily and for a certain period of time (1 year, 2year and 3year). The biochemical parameters included estimation of the levels of the aldosterone, Angiotonsin-1 hormones, urea and creatinine. This have a look at became performed for the duration from the start of April 2022 to the cease of September 2022. The have a look at included (100) randomly decided on samples belonging to the control group and a group of male patients with Hypertension whose ages ranged from (45-75 years), where samples were collected From the health centers in (Samarra, Tikrit, Balad) and a questionnaire was organized to collect information for each person. Blood samples had been acquired from the brachial vein with a quantity of (10ml) through a clinical syringe, taking information about patients with high blood pressure who used Furosemide and Amlodipine treatment daily for a certain period of time. The outcomes of the checks confirmed a substantial increase (P<0.0l) in the level of urea, creatinine angiotensin-1and aldosterone hormones When furosemide is used for a long period of time in groups 2, 3 and 4 compared with the control group and with groups 5, 6 and 7, while decrease level of urea,creatinine angiotensin-1,and aldosterone hormones variables in groups 5, 6 and 7 when Amlodipine is used compared with control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the morphological and morphometric parameters of the various parts of the intestinal tract in Bronze adult male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). The current study was carried out on total number ten healthy males turkey which were weighted and the mean was 5307.42 ± 930.22 g. The current study observed that the small intestine was relatively long and more coiled. It composed of three portions includes duodenum, Jejunum and ileum. The duodenum was the first part formed-'U' shaped structure, while the Jejunum was the second and longest part was composed of the numerous loops. Whereas the ileum is the shortest and straight tube, it is extended from end of jejunum to the ileocecal junction. The large intestine consist of the short straight rectum and two ceca, they are appeared as blind ended sacs connected with distal end of the ileum and rectum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study aims at investigating the immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis of adult goat's pancreatic tissue. Histological parts assembled from their pancreas specimens are stained with special and general stains, otherwise recorded and examined with its image software using the Dino-eye piece camera. The endocrine part mainly resides in the Langerhans islet, which is well connected to extra-blood vessels & exocrine ducts. Every islet was constructed microscopically with several cells (alpha and beta) that varied in size, shape, and color. The pancreas is one of the unique endocrine glands, it has endocrine and exocrine secretions. The Islet of Langerhans constitute the endocrine component of the pancreas, its secretory has definite employment for life. A boundary was created by the collagen fibers between the exocrine and endocrine parts. There were oval, circular, or irregular islets based on their scale on its long axis, the form, and were graded into small, medium, and huge. The specific islet cells have specific characteristics and secrete the specific hormone. The Alpha and beta, were the two main cell types and few delta cells were found in Langerhans islets, these different islet cells synthesize and secrete different hormones which need for the biological system to achieve satisfactory metabolic control over blood sugar. The region distribution, the proportional (relative) frequency, and the appearance of glucagon (A-cells)- & glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide(B-cells)-secreted cells in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas of goat were studied using the immunohistochemical method. Glucagon immunopositive A-cells were principally present in the center and mantle regions of Langerhans islets, whereas glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide immunopositive B-cells were found in the periphery, center, and mantle of pancreatic islets. Moreover, some A- and B-cells were present as only single cells or clusters of (2 - 3) immunopositive cells in the exocrine parenchyma and the pancreatic duct epithelial cells. The presence, region distribution, and proportional or (relative) frequency of A-&B-cells in goat's pancreas have been analyzed firstly. The immunopositivity and distribution of endocrine cells in the goat pancreas were specified to be partially variable from that of other mammalian species like sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was aimed to explore the histological structures of small intestine in male and female of guinea fowl. The histological structure of the small intestine was similar in both male and female guinea fowl and the wall of small intestine along the entire length contained four tunicae named tunica Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis and Serosa from inner to outer. The mucosa of the small intestine was thrown into projections known as villi. The shape and pattern of small intestinal villi was varied in different segments of the small intestine and these were lined by columnar and goblet cells. The density of goblet cells were increase from duodenum toward the ileum. The Lamina propria formed the bulk of core of villus and contained connective tissue fibers and cells. The submucosa was thin and poorly developed and almost difficult to disguished except it noticed when the large blood vessels were present and separated the mucosa from the underlying muscularis externa. Brunner glands not observed in the duodenal submucosa. Tunica muscularis presented in an inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle bundles. Tunica serosa was predominantly composed of collagen fibers. The tunicae thickness in different regions of the small intestine showed significant variation at (p≤0.05) between male and female guinea fowl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to add the available information of the anatomy and documenting the normal microscopic features of the thymus gland in rabbits, for this reason ten rabbits from the local breed aged between (5-7) weeks breeding in animal house. After anesthetic the healthy animals intramuscularly in the thigh, the thoracic cavity opening by surgical scissor, to entering the thymus to study it anatomically and collected the specimen for histological study. The animals divided into two groups: first group for the anatomical a study and the second group for histological study, the results appear that thymus of rabbit occupy most the thoracic inlet, pyramid in shape, white to yellowish in color, located rostral of the mediastinum area which covered the large vessel of the heart and aortic arch. The thymus is lobulated organ invested by capsule contain from loose connective tissue each the lobe consist of two different area, peripheral area was deep stain called cortex and inner pale area called the medulla, which contain different cells of lymphocyte and epithelial cells which noted arranged in concentric layers forming Hassall ś corpuscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]