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Buildings' walls are covered to reduce environmental impact and esthetics, and cladding materials vary based on public preference and financial capacity. Metal sheets with glossy surfaces are commonly used, but researchers propose using aluminum sheets and filling gaps with commercial waste materials, like, fabric roll sticks or circular plastic hollow parts. A test room with internal dimensions of 1 × 1 × 2 m used in Baghdad (latitude 33.2° N) was used to study thermal behavior, with a window‐type air conditioner providing standard thermal conditions. The air gap attached to the top of the test wall was either left open or closed during the day. Results showed that double‐layer bamboo packing preserved 52.1% with a closed‐air gap and 49.5% with an open‐air gap, but no discernible difference was observed between the two situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iraq is home to the ancient civilization, of Mesopotamia. The population genetics of Iraqis is important due to their ethnic diversity. This study aimed to analyze is to analyze the distribution of Y chromosome haplotypes in a sample of 680 native Iraqi males from regions of Iraq and compare it to previously published Y chromosome haplotype data from some neighboring Arab populations.In this study, A total of 680 unrelated samples (not belonging to the same nuclear family) of healthy males were sampled for the Y-STR analysis from the Iraqi populations in Baghdad. blood samples were collected at the ministry of health/medical legal Directorate/paternity and Baghdad from 2018 to 2020. Allele frequency and gene diversity were calculated. The Iraqi population data were compared with the neighboring populations using pairwise genetic distances using the Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database Website (YHRD) software.The discrimination capacity 23 STR loci provide was (0.92). The number of haplotypes observed in 680 samples, was 616 haplotypes (568 unique and 48 shared haplotypes). Haplogroup prediction suggests that haplogroup J1 is the most common in the Iraqi population, followed by J2. According to AMOVA and MD, showed high similarities with neighboring countries. We can conclude that there is no genetic structure among the populations and their data could be added to reference the Iraqi database., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)