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Cereal grains are a good source of macronutrients and micronutrients that are required for metabolic activity in the human body. Sprouts have been studied to enhance the nutrient profile. Moreover, secondary metabolites are examined as green food engineering technology that is used in the pharmaceutical, functional ingredients, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. The sprout‐based food is commonly used to enhance the quality of products by softening the structure of the whole grain and increasing the phytochemicals (nutritional value and bioactive compounds). These sprouting grains can be added to a variety of products including snacks, bakery, beverage, and meat. Consuming whole grains has been shown to reduce the incidence and mortality of a variety of chronic and noncommunicable diseases. Sprouting grains have a diversity of biological functions, including antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Cereal sprout‐based products are more beneficial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal tract diseases. The novel extraction techniques (microwave‐existed extraction, pulse electric field, and enzyme‐associated) are applied to maintain and ensure the efficiency, safety, and nutritional profile of sprout. Nutrient‐dense sprouts have a low environmental impact and are widely accepted by consumers. This review explores for the first time and sheds light on the antioxidant potential, sensory evaluation, industrial applications, and health perspective of cereal sprout‐based food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the impact of traditional and novel cooking techniques on the nutritional and bioactive profile of Brassica oleracea, commonly known as kale. As a member of the Brassica family, kale is well known for its high nutritional value and possible health benefits. However, it is crucial to remember that the cooking techniques can significantly impact the nutritional profile of kale. Various cooking methods were applied to kale samples through controlled experiments. Traditional techniques like boiling and steaming were compared with innovative approaches such as microwave cooking and vacuum cooking. Soluble solids, which include sugars and other compounds, were used as indicators of nutritional change. Additionally, the levels of vital bioactive components, such as vitamins, antioxidants, and phytochemicals, were analyzed to assess the overall impact of cooking methods. Preliminary findings suggest that the choice of cooking method plays a pivotal role in determining the extent of nutritional and bioactive alterations in kale. Traditional methods, such as boiling, exhibited substantial losses of soluble solids and certain heat-sensitive nutrients. In contrast, novel methods like vacuum cooking displayed better preservation of soluble solids and bioactive compounds. The study sheds light on the complex relationship between cooking techniques and the nutritional integrity of kale. By exploring various methods, this review paper contributes to understanding how culinary practices can be optimized to enhance the retention of vital nutrients and beneficial bioactive components in kale. These findings hold practical implications for individuals seeking to maximize the health benefits of kale consumption while enjoying its culinary versatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carob is botanically called as Ceratonia siliqua and belongs to the Legumes family. The fruit is derived from hermaphrodite trees and hard in shape. The carob contains high sugar contents in pulp, fat in seed and minerals like potassium, calcium, and phosphorus are present in pods. Polyphenols and antioxidants are abundant in leaves and pods. It can be used for enhancing human health due to its high nutritional profile. Carob gum is used in the pharmaceutical industry in the form of pomades, anti‐celiac ingredients, pills, and dental paste. The clinical carob can aid as an anti‐cancer, anti‐reflux, anti‐diabetic, anti‐diarrheal, anti‐hyperlipidemia, anti‐bacterial, anti‐microbial, and anti‐fungal. Nowadays, carob seeds are being used as an alternative to cocoa powder in food items whereas the leaves, pods, and seeds of carob are also historically used as food for animal feed. However, these parts of carob are available in markets with reasonable prices. Carob production, though with a rising contribution, contributes to the local economy. In this sense, we can incorporate knowledge on the chemical properties and the biological effect of carob fruits on human health. In this study, the supportive and health‐promoting impacts of carob are discussed along with the clinical testing obtained from natural constituents of carob. In addition, further studies can be performed to extract and separate polyphenols and antioxidant potential for the development of functional that play a valuable role in pharmaceutical and food sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research was conducted to extract the bioactive compounds from citrus waste and assess their role in the development of functional foods to treat different disorders. The scientific name of citrus is Citrus L. and it belongs to the Rutaceae family. It is one of the most important fruit crops that is grown throughout the world. During processing, a large amount of waste is produced from citrus fruits in the form of peel, seeds, and pomace. Every year, the citrus processing industry creates a large amount of waste. The citrus waste is composed of highly bioactive substances and phytochemicals, including essential oils (EOs), ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, flavonoids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, and a range of trace elements. These valuable compounds are used to develop functional foods, including baked products, beverages, meat products, and dairy products. Moreover, these functional foods play an important role in treating various disorders, including anti-aging, anti-mutagenic, antidiabetic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-allergenic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular-protective activity. EOs are complex and contain several naturally occurring bioactive compounds that are frequently used as the best substitutes in the food industry. Citrus essential oils have many uses in the packaging and food safety industries. They can also be used as an alternative preservative to extend the shelf lives of different food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review discusses the chemical composition of radish pods and their utilization and health perspective. Radish pods are green vegetables usually consumed in East Asia. Radish pods have gained much interest due to their high chemical composition and antioxidant activity. They contain various chemical compounds, including coumarins, phenols glucosinolates, antioxidants etc. In East Asia, radish pods are usually consumed in households and can also be used commercially as an additive ingredient. However, it can be used in the household as a vegetable, mixed vegetable and additive materials. Radish pods play an important role against cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and allergies via diverse pathways. It also acts as a hepatoprotective, platelet aggregation and immunity booster. Hence, the radish pods can be used in households for improvement of chronic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review highlights the adaptability and impact of kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) in the food industry. An overview has been provided of the valuable natural source of various bioactive compounds including proteins, pigments, polyphenols, chlorophyll, vitamins, and minerals. Numerous biological effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties, are displayed by these bioactive substances. Due to taste preferences and convenience, this vegetable is typically processed at home or by the catering and foodservice companies. The seasonal, perishable vegetable's shelf life can be prolonged by using preservation techniques (freezing and canning) with blanching. The physical and chemical characteristics of kale are altered by cooking, blanching, freezing, and canning. Numerous studies on the effects of different treatments and storage conditions on various kale quality metrics have been published. As a result, the waste generated during kale processing has the potential to provide economic benefits by reentering the food processing line as a food additive while providing sustainable and innovative solutions for food waste recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of functional components containing agricultural foods is enhancing because these components aid the human body against different chronic diseases. Currently, chia seeds basically belong to the mint family and are edible seeds of Salvia hispanica. These seeds are composed of different functional components including fiber, polyphenols, antioxidants, omega‐3 fatty acid vitamins, minerals, and peptides. Besides, these seeds are also a good source of vegetable protein, unsaturated fat, carbohydrates, and ash. Chia seed components are helpful in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by reducing blood pressure, platelet aggregation, cholesterol, and oxidation. In GI‐tract‐related diseases like diabetes and constipation, chia fiber reduces the blood glucose level and provides bulk to stool. However, antioxidants and polyphenols are protected beta cells of the pancreas from inflammation. These components are protected from the cell damage of the different body parts, which can provide help in different types of cancer including breast, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic. Conclusively, some pervious studies approved that chia seed components are played important role in chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was planned to determine the effect of kale leaf powder and gamma rays on variations in the pH, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of chicken meat at different storage intervals. Significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) in the pH, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of chicken meat following different treatments (KLP (1% and 2%) and gamma irradiation (3k Gy)) were reported at 0, 7 and 14 days of storage. The pH value of the chicken meat sample decreased with the addition of kale leaf powder, whereas the value increased following a gamma irradiation dose of 3 kGy and with the passage of time. During different storage intervals, the minimum reduction in the amino acid and fatty acid quantities in the chicken meat samples was reported after gamma irradiation treatment. However, with the addition of KLP, the amount of amino acids and fatty acids in the chicken meat samples increased. Conclusively, the pH was observed to be reduced in the meat following combined treatment (irradiation + KLP), whereas the 2% KLP treatment improved the amino acid and fatty acid profiles of the chicken samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant‐based foods are natural sources including vegetables, fruits, cereals and legumes. These foods consist of various types of nutrients in which carbohydrate is the basic component. However, some plant‐based diets contain carbohydrates in the form of fiber. The fiber is usually a nondigestible polysaccharide that is not digested in the human body. It is present in the form of soluble or insoluble in different part of foods like peel, bran, pulp and grain. Pectin, beta‐glucan, mucilage, psyllium, resistant starch and inulin are soluble fiber, and cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are insoluble fiber attained from plant foods. The major function enhances immunity by creating gastrointestinal barrier, mucus production, immune cell activity and IgA level. Previous evidences showed that peoples with strong immunity have fewer chances of viral disease. A recent viral disease named COVID‐19 spread in the world and millions of peoples died due to this viral disease. Coronavirus mostly attacks humans that suffer with weak immune system. It is due chronic diseases like diabetes and CVD (cardiovascular disease). The current review shows that fiber‐containing plant‐based foods boost immunity and aid human against COVID‐19. The therapeutic role of fiber in the human body is to control the risk of hypertension and diabetes because a high‐fiber diet has the ability to lower cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar. Fibers aid in GIT (gastrointestinal tract) and prevent constipation because it absorbs water and adds bulk to stool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review has been carried out to extract the oil from different plant seed sources, and its food application and bioavailability against various disorders. Plant seeds oil is considered a valuable ingredient in developing functional foods for human welfare. Nowadays, the trend has been changed, the people Worldwide prefer to consume plant-based oil by skipping animal-based fat because animal fat contains high trans fatty acids. However, different plants seed including soybean, palm, sesame, sunflower, safflower, linseed, grape, camelina, chia, garden cress, English walnut & hemp, eucommia ulmoides oliver, avocado, pomegranate, pumpkin, sweet cherry, kangar, sacha inchi, pistachio and cottonseeds are being used to produce the oil. Plant oil is being used in the development of different food products because it contains health beneficial fatty acids. Previous studies proved that PUFAs play an important role in human health against different disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review has measured the effect of kafirins in the development of functional foods and its valuable function against different diseases. Kafirins are usually a protein that is mostly present in sorghum. Chemically, kafirin is divided into different categories including α-kafirin, β-kafirin, and γ-kafirin. Kafirins that are formed in sorghum endosperm and then transferred into the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The different functional food products are being developed by using kafirins in the form of sorghum flour. These products play a valuable role in human beings. Previous studies suggested that kafirins have pharmacological properties that are an aid in reducing CVD, hyperglycemia and inflammation. The kafirins are present in sorghum flour that protects humans from Celiac Syndrome. The aim of study was to extract kafirin from sorghum and add into different products for the purpose of reduce the risk of diseases especially celiac disease. Conclusively, food products prepared by using sorghum-kafirin is played a valuable role in human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review explores the nutritional and pharmacological aspects of banana, as well as their prospective applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Banana is a widely consumed staple food in several countries and is popular for its pharmacological, nutritional and bioactive profile. Banana is ranked as the fifth most cultivated agricultural crop in terms of global trade. It is consumed in both raw and processed form. Banana comprises an immense amount of bioactive compounds including phytosterols, carotenoids, phenols, and biogenic amines that have a very effective role in health-promoting phenomena. Several bioactive compounds show antioxidant activities to reduce the disease risk. Banana has very effective pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic. Banana has unique health-promoting aspects as well as used in the development of many food products like bread, pasta, confectionaries, and gluten-free products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review is informed about the effectiveness of plant-derived functional components that aids in the regulation and health of endocrine glands. The endocrine glands include the thyroid, adrenal, hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal, ovaries and testes that play vital functions in our body such as growth and development, metabolism, mood and reproduction controlled by hormones. The abnormalities in the functions of endocrine glands are formed various disorders, some major disorders are diabetes, goiter, kidney problem, brain-related diseases and PCOS. Different parts of plant-based foods (fruits, vegetables, cereals, beans, legumes, herbs and spices) are composed of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phenolic compounds that help support different body functions. It is concluded that plant-based foods are a rich source of functional components that play a valuable role in regulating the function of the endocrine glands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is ranked five cereal crop worldwide. It belongs to the Poaceae family and is formally part of plant-derived food. Nutritionally, it is composed of carbohydrates, kafirin (protein), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), fibers and resistant starch. Sorghum is used in three different fields: food, feed, and biomass production. Phenolic compounds including phenolic acid, flavonoids, stilbenes and tannins, vitamins including B-complex, A, D, E and K and the minerals (potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc) were involved in the bioactivity of sorghum. The functional composition of sorghum plays an essential role in human health by inhibiting the risk of chronic diseases. Available epidemiological evidence suggests that tannin (proanthocyanidins) in sorghum acts as an antioxidant protecting from inflammation and cancer. Its fiber content can reduce blood cholesterol and glucose level, and is also helpful in celiac disease. Phytochemicals in sorghum enhance cardiovascular health in animals. These properties have not been reported in humans, which needs investigation. This review aims to describe the available information on the bioactive characteristics of sorghum, how it is used in different functional foods, and how it has the potential to combat various disorders. The literature has been collected from Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Omega-3 fatty acids are rich in marine animals and plant-based foods like grains and seeds. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are directly present in different fish types, whereas they are indirectly available in various seeds and grains. Plants seeds and grains contain omega 3-fatty acids in the form of ALA that is converted into EPA and DHA with the help of specific enzymes. DHA and EPA play an important role in developing brain and nerve cells. Several studies confirmed that children need these fatty acids at all stages, including pre-birth and after-birth. During pregnancy and lactation, the fetus fulfills its requirements by the mother's diet. During childhood, DHA and EPA demands are fulfilled from different food sources. Different Clinical studies suggested that n-3 fatty acids supplementation during pregnancy, lactation and infants may play an important role in brain development, including neurodevelopment, nervous tissue, optimal visual and neuronal signaling. Animal and cell studies showed that DHA is a vital fatty acid with brain function for neuronal cell growth. Pharmacologically, these omega 3 fatty acids improve mental health and reduce the risk of brain-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, epilepsy, schizophrenia, stroke, Parkinson's disease and autism spectrum disorders. This review described the importance of fatty acids including EPA and DHA in supporting the optimum growth and development of brain. The conclusive statement, DHA and EPA are vital functional materials for forming babies' brain at different age periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat is the richest source of protein and according to meat sources, the protein is composed of different types of amino acids which are completely dependent upon the protein types. Myofibril is basically muscle protein that's widely present in different types of fish and low quantity is present in different meat (camel). Myofibril is made up of thick and thin myofilaments chemically. Actin, tropomyosin, troponin, and tropomyosin are thin myofilaments on the other hand myosin is only the thick myofilament. It is helpful in the formation of strong skeleton muscle and can also stronger and formation the cardiac layers (epicardium, myocardium and endocardium). Technologically, it can be used in the formation of different food products for the purpose of developing diet supplements. This review discussed different sources and chemical properties of myofibril protein and also its potential role toward the cardiac health. Myofibril's thick and thin filaments contribute in the construction of skeletal muscle and enhance the heart's protective coverings. The literature has been collected from Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Myofibrils are made up of thick and thin filaments that can help in different human body functions. In the future, more research is necessary that discuss the close relation between myofibril protein and cardiac layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the result of gamma irradiation doses and kale leaf powder (KLP) on microbiological assay (total aerobic bacteria and coliforms), quality parameters (Hunter's color [L*, a* and b*] and heme pigment [Mb and MetMb]) and stability modifiers (total volatile basic nitrogen [TVBN], thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARSs], and peroxide value [POV]) of ostrich and chicken meat under different storage intervals (0, 7 and 14d). Gamma irradiation dose (3kGy) with or without kale leaf powder (1% and 2%) was applied. The TPC and coliform outcome indicated that irradiation and storage caused significant changes in both meat patties while the microbial load was recorded zero at the treatment 3kGy. TVBN, TBARS and POV changed significantly in ostrich and chicken meat with different treatments and storage periods. TVBN value was observed high in ostrich meat at the treatment (3KGy) on the end of storage, whereas the higher values of POV and TBARS were evaluated in the chicken meat sample at 3kgy on 14th day of storage. The myoglobin, met-myoglobin, L*, a*, and b* showed significant changes with respect to different treatments and storage periods. The higher Mb value was seen at 2% KLP at day 0 of storage in ostrich meat and the extreme MetMb value was found at 3kGy at the end of storage. The L* and b* were observed high in chicken meat, whereas in ostrich meat, a* value was found high. In both types of meat, slight changes were observed in appearance, taste, texture, flavor and overall acceptability. However, it is concluded that both types of meat treated with 3kGy + KLP were examined better for quality, safety and stability during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review was carried out on the industrial application of fig by-products and their role against chronic disorders. Fig is basically belonging to fruit and is botanically called Ficus carica. There are different parts of fig, including the leaves, fruits, seeds and latex. The fig parts are a rich source of bioactive compounds and phytochemicals including antioxidants, phenolic compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols and vitamins. These different parts of fig are used in different food industries such as the bakery, dairy and beverage industries. Fig by-products are used in extract or powder form to value the addition of different food products for the purpose of improving the nutritional value and enhancing the stability. Fig by-products are additive-based products which contain high phytochemicals fatty acids, polyphenols and antioxidants. Due to the high bioactive compounds, these products performed a vital role against various diseases including cancer, diabetes, constipation, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Concussively, fig-based food products may be important for human beings and produce healthy food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanobacteria capable of oxygenic photosynthesis uses multiple pigments to efficiently convert light radiation energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Tri-phosphate). A crucial pigment protein from its photosynthetic machinery called phycocyanin has been extensively studied for its immense application in fluorescent probe, food additives, nutraceutical applications, and silver-nanoparticles production. The present review provides a narrative amalgamation of the said applications and technologies to grow, extract, and purify the phycocyanin from various algal cultures. The expression of phycocyanin protein gene at the molecular level has been discussed for its potential to enhance the yield and stability. Furthermore, advantageous methods for the extraction and purification of phycocyanin from possible host cyanobacterial strains (Spirulina platensis, Cyanidium caldarium, Synechococcus vulcanus, Gracilaria chilensis, Polysiphonia urceolata, Thermosynechcoccus vulcanus, and Galdieria sulphuraria) such as physical, chemical and enzymatic methods are also compared to find the most efficient strategy in subsequent scientific applications. The comparative study also expects to ways to achieve sustainable development goal 3 i.e. good health & wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioactive constituents of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) plants were extracted by green and environmentally friendly methods using several deep eutectic solvents (DESs) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry separation and identification. To optimize the extraction process, bio-solvents composed of organic acids such as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and mannitol/menthol/sugars as HBA were selected and coupled with ultrasound-assisted extraction. The maximum bioactive compound contents were TPC 2423 mg GAE/100 g, TFC 134.71 mg CE/100 g, and DPPH 1071.05 mol TE/mL. The optimum extraction parameters to achieve the highest values of phenolic compounds from Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) via UAE-DES were obtained at an extraction temperature 70°C, extraction time of 30 min, and water addition on DES 20%. The ideal experimental conditions were confirmed using the Central Composite Design (CCD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model to analyze the significance of extraction parameters demonstrating high prediction levels of the bioactive compounds. Liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) was used to identify the extracts. The results showed that quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, 5-ocaffeoylquinic acid, and caffeoyl malic acid were the three compounds with the highest abundance. For the first time, the extraction of bioactive compounds from nettle using a food-grade DES that contains GRAS components is reported. According to these findings, the best solvent for extracting bioactive substances for food-grade applications is DESCAMAL (citric acid/maltose). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this review is develop to phytochemicals-based functional products against obesity and cancer management. Natural products have been made from reliable sources in past centuries. Phytochemicals are natural compounds that are available in vegetables, legumes, tea crops, fruits and various spices. Phytochemicals are known as secondary metabolites including carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, and glucosinolates. These phytochemicals are played direct or indirect role against several chronic diseases. However, these compounds have ability to act against various chronic diseases containing diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The literature reports the different potential properties of dietary phytochemicals such as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research was conducted to measure the impact of poppy seed extract (PSE) and gamma irradiation on the storage stability and antioxidant profile of beef patties during storage at different packaging. Different doses of gamma irradiation (2.5 kGy and 5 kGy) were applied alone and with combination of 2% PSE. The PSE enriched beef patties were packed (aerobically and vacuum) and kept at refrigeration temperature. The results show that higher value of TBARS and POV was found in 5 kGy aerobically packed samples at 14 day, while the lower value of TVBN was observed in 0 kGy+PSE2% at 0 day. However, the lower value of TBARS, POV and TBVN was found in vacuum packed samples (0kGy +2%PSE) at 0 day. The higher total phenolic contents, ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH value were found in 0kGy +2%PSE and lower value was found in samples (5 kGy). The microbial results were observed to decrease with the increase in dose of gamma radiation. The significant changes were observed in the hunter color and sensory attributes of beef patties on different treatment at storage intervals under vacuum and aerobic packaging. Conclusively, PSE, gamma irradiation and both packaging is improved the quality, stability and antioxidants profile of enriched patties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this review, we discuss the advantages of vegetable sprouts in the development of food products as well as their beneficial effects on a variety of disorders. Sprouts are obtained from different types of plants and seeds and various types of leafy, root, and shoot vegetables. Vegetable sprouts are enriched in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, antioxidants, and vitamins. Currently, different conventional methods and advanced technologies are used to extract bioactive compounds from vegetable sprouts. Due to some issues in traditional methods, increasingly, the trend is to use recent technologies because the results are better. Applications of phytonutrients extracted from sprouts are finding increased utility for food processing and shelf-life enhancement. Vegetable sprouts are being used in the preparation of different functional food products such as juices, bread, and biscuits. Previous research has shown that vegetable sprouts can help to fight a variety of chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Furthermore, in the future, more research is needed that explores the extraordinary ways in which vegetable sprouts can be incorporated into green-food processing and preservation for the purpose of enhancing shelf-life and the formation of functional meat products and substitutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an earlier paper, we introduced and studied the class of commutative integral domains D having the following property: if $${a, b_1, b_2 \in D}$$ and a| b b, there exist an integer k ≥ 1 and $${a_1, a_2 \in D}$$ such that a = a a and $${a_i|b{_i}^k , i = 1, 2}$$ . In this paper, we show that many of our earlier results are purely multiplicative in the sense they can be extended to the setting of commutative cancellative monoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an extension of the class of (pre)-Schreier domains introduced by P. M. Cohn and M. Zafrullah, we introduce and study a class of integral domains D characterized by the property that whenever a, b1, b2 ∈ D - {0} and a | b1b2, there exist an integer k ≥ 1 and a1, a2 ∈ D - {0} such that ak = a1a2 and [image omitted], i = 1, 2. We call them almost-Schreier domains. We show that an almost-Schreier domain has torsion t-class group, that a local (Noetherian) one-dimensional domain is almost-Schreier and that the polynomial ring with coefficients in an integrally closed almost-Schreier domain is almost-Schreier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera and strawberry are cultivated extensively worldwide and are divinely blessed with an enormous amount of nutritional and medicinal constituents, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, potassium, and phenolic antioxidants that play a pivotal role in treating, confining, and preventing diabetes and many kinds of cancer. The focus of the study is to develop different samples of highly acceptable ready to serve (RTS) Moringa strawberry juice blend by underutilizing Moringa and strawberry juice in different proportions. Moringa oleifera's bitter taste and green color steeply limits its acceptability and counter this drawback utilized with strawberry juice. The physicochemical analysis of blended juice was performed to investigate the suitability and keeping quality of the juice mixture. The collected data signify that pH titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) the slight modification after the inclusion of Moringa juice extract and throughout the storage. The Moringa treatment positively improved the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, and vitamin C from 12 to 49.17 mg GAE/100g, 61.41 to 87.69%, and 64.03 to 86.65 mg/100 mL, respectively, but there was a slight decline in antioxidant quantity while stored under refrigerated conditions for one month. An assimilative trend was noticed in TPC and vitamin C, which collapsed from 49.17–36.32 mg GAE to 86.65–79.19 mg, respectively. In accordance with sensory analysis T2 (90% strawberry juice and 10% Moringa extract), the juice blend was rated best in context to flavor, color, and taste. This juice blend proved to be greatly effective especially for children suffering from malnutrition as well as women to counter with its appreciable number of nutritional constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sweet basil leaf powder as a natural source of iron for the treatment of anemia in adolescent girls. Purposive sampling technique of two‐stage sampling; part of the nonprobability sampling approach. Out of 2400 approached adolescent girls, 1645 agreed to participate and their nutritional status was assessed. Of these, 89.95% had clinical signs and symptoms of anemia, and 59.79% were found to be anemic based on Hb levels. From the anemic group, 65.18% were randomly selected to receive either B0 (Control), B1 (12.699 g FeSO4.7H2O/100 g), and B3 (16 g SBLP/100 g) cookies for 4 months. At the end of the intervention, the assessment of nutritional status, complete blood count, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation was explored. Hematological parameters such as Hb, Hct, TIBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum iron, and serum ferritin were significant (p ≤.05). The result showed that the serum Fe was highest in group B3 while a significant decline was noted for group B0. Serum ferritin for B1 was better than B3. The entire treatment for transferrin saturation showed a highly significant increasing trend in B3 and B1, regardless of the control. TIBC levels raised in the control group while in all other treatments, it declined. The study demonstrated that SBLP‐fortified cookies can be an effective treatment option for anemia, as evidenced by significant improvements in key hematological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flaxseed and fennel seeds are rich sources of different types of phenolics such as lignans, phenolic acids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and tannins. The present study was carried out to develop and optimize a technique for isolation and quantification of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) from flaxseed and Anethole from fennel seeds and to assess the antioxidant activities of flaxseed (Linum usitatisimum L.) and fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) extracts. The percentage of extract in fennel seeds and flaxseed was 5.72 and 6.31 %, respectively. Using HPLC, the predominant constituent in fennel seed was determined to be anethole (11.30±0.25 mg/g) and in flaxseed, it was secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) (8.35±0.52 mg/g) compared to the respective standards solution. Using SPSS, the obtained data from each parameter were statistically analyzed. There are numerous biological and pharmacological effects of trans-anethole. For antioxidant activity, 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) showed higher results with acetone (80%), with fennel seed and flaxseed is 7.28±0.17 and 8.29±0.23 mM TE/g. while FTC method it was maximum for distilled water extract of fennel seed (48.35±0.19%) and Flaxseed (65.09±0.72%) and by β-carotenebleaching method, water extract of fennel seed and flaxseed also showed maximum antioxidant activity i.e. 83.06±0.02% and 86.23±0.38%. Additionally, it is used as a masking agent in food products as a flavoring agent. According to the findings of this study, fennel seeds and flaxseed contain bioactive compounds that may assist in the treatment of a number of chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rasmalai is a very popular, delicious, and nutritious indigenous sweet dish in Indo‐Pakistani civilization. It has a very short shelf life, i.e., up to 3 days. The study was designed to assess the effect of preservatives (potassium sorbate and calcium propionate) on the shelf stability of Rasmalai. Moreover, proximate composition and sensory evaluation of prepared Rasmalai were also carried out in the present study. In general, potassium sorbate and calcium propionate significantly increased the shelf life of Rasmalai. But treatment (R5) containing a combination of both potassium sorbate and calcium propionate (500 ppm each) improved its shelf life by up to 12 days by keeping good sensorial characteristics. The maximum total plate counts as well as yeast and molds were observed in control Rasmalai (without any preservatives) whereas minimum counts were found in R5 treatment containing a combination of both potassium sorbate and calcium propionate (500 ppm each). In conclusion, all the preservatives used in the present study were effective in enhancing the shelf life of Rasmalai but R5 treatment containing a combination of both potassium sorbate and calcium propionate (500 ppm each) was the most effective in enhancing shelf life without deleterious effect on sensorial characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study evaluated the effect of pomegranate peel-based edible coating on chicken nuggets in order to develop a functional and safe product, high in nutritional value. For this purpose, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content (TPC) assays were performed to check the potential antioxidant activity of chicken nuggets; microbial control, including total aerobic count and coliforms population, was performed for quality and safety purposes; and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (POV) were performed to determine the oxidative stability of chicken nuggets. Different treatments were applied at different storage periods (0th, 7th, 14th and 21st day). The higher value of total aerobic count (5.09 ± 0.05 log CFU/g) and coliforms (3.91 ± 0.06 log CFU/g) were obtained for the uncoated samples, while the lower population was enumerated in the combination of sodium alginate (SA) and pomegranate peel powder (PPP). However, DPPH (64.65 ± 2.15%) and TPC (135.66 ± 3.07 GAE/100 g) values were higher in the coated chicken nuggets (SA (1.5%) and PPP (1.5%)) and lowest in the control samples. The higher value of TBARS (1.62 ± 0.03 MDA/kg) and POV (0.92 ± 0.03 meq peroxide/kg) were observed in the uncoated chicken nuggets. In the Hunter color system, L*, a*, and b* peak values were determined in the coated chicken nuggets with SA (1.5%) + PPP (1.5%) at the 21st day of storage. The uncoated chicken nuggets had different sensory characteristics (appearance, color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability) compared to the coated samples. Conclusively, coating based on the combination of SA (1.5%) and PPP (1.5%) increased the quality, safety, and nutritional properties of chicken nuggets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was executed to explore efficacy of ultrasound assisted extraction of dietary fiber from oat cultivar S2000. Extraction (variables time, temperature and amplitude) was optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM) conducted by Box Behnken Design (BBD). The effect of time, temperature and amplitude were studied at three levels. It was observed that time and temperature exerted more impact on extraction efficiency as compared to amplitude. The highest yield of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and In-soluble dietary fiber (IDF) fractions were observed under ultrasound processing, for 20 min at 40 °C with 80% amplitude. Characterization of extracted dietary fiber showed that it had better crystallinity, thermal properties and good fibrous structure. It also showed better functional properties as compared to traditionally extracted dietary fiber. Furthermore, dietary fibers from oat may offer high-value utilization, and the expansion of comprehensive utilization in functional food and nutraceutical development. • Ultrasound, a novel and efficient technique for isolating dietary fiber from the oat. • Characterizing the functional properties; health benefits and applications. • Enhance the yield and quality of dietary fiber, through eco-friendly practices. • Development of functional foods enriched with oat cultivar S2000 dietary fiber. • Highlighting the significance of oat cultivar S2000 as a valuable source of dietary fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review has been considered to extract the bioactive compounds from different fruits and vegetable waste using novel extraction techniques. Among all horticultural crops, fruits and vegetables are the most consumed. Due to a rising population and changing dietary patterns, the production and processing of horticultural commodities, particularly fruits and vegetables, has expanded dramatically in order to meet rising demand. Food waste is the by-product of numerous industrial, agricultural, domestic, and food operations sector that is steadily increasing as these activities rise. Seeds, skin, rind, and pomace make up the majority of the waste, which is rich in bioactive substances such as carotenoids, polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and oils. Waste can be used to make a variety of vital bioactive components, which is an important step toward long-term development. For the extraction of bioactive compounds, various extraction technologies are being used, including supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical water extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction. The sustainable extracts attained using different technologies are valuable in the formation of functional food. Conclusively, new technologies manage waste in a meaningful way that is collected from fruits and vegetables. However, these bioactive compounds that are attained from wastes are valuable in the formation of food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to develop ready-to-drink (RTD) beverage using the choongan (Caralluma tuberculata L.) extract and further to evaluate antioxidant potential and mineral estimation of the prepared RTD. The stem of Caralluma tuberculata was used to further isolate and purify the powder. Then, C. tuberculata powder was utilized in the formulation of beverages. All the treatments observed a decreasing trend for acidity, total soluble solids, total phenols, total antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and viscosity during storage whilst pH showed an increasing trend. It was observed that Caralluma RTD contained increasing trend of phytochemicals by increasing contents of the Caralluma extract. The same trend was also observed regarding all the mineral contents investigated in the present study. The treatment T4 (Caralluma RTD having 1.5 g C. tuberculata powder) showed the maximum values regarding phytochemicals as well as minerals. The microbial counts (log10 CFU/mL) for all the treatments increased during storage. Even though T4 showed promising results regarding phytochemicals and minerals, T1 showed the maximum sensory score even after 21 days of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and ultrasonic extraction (UAE) used for extraction of phenolic compounds from Rosa damascene Mill. • The best extraction efficiency was obtained by NADES LACAGLY , that contains lactic acid, citric acid, and glycerol. • An extraction time of 60 min, 35 mL solvent volume and 30 % water in NADES were considered optimal conditions. Combining natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) created a green extraction medium for important phenolic compounds recovery from Rosa damascene Mill. For this purpose, three different NADES based on lactic acid were designed and tested as green extraction solvents. Citric acid, glucose, mannitol, and glycerol were used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD), while lactic acid as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). The best extraction efficiency was demonstrated by NADES LACAGLY , which contains lactic acid, citric acid, and glycerol (3:1:2) compare with two other NADES (NADES LAGLU and NADES LAMA) and conventional solvents (ethanol and methanol). These parameters included total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA). Then the UAE procedure was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD). Quadratic models produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to total phenolic compounds (R2 = 0.9625, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05), total flavonoid compounds (R2 = 0.9682, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05), and antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.9940, p < 0.0001 and p<0.05). An extraction time of 60 min, a solvent volume of 35 mL, and an amount of water in NADES 30 % (v/v) were considered optimal conditions. The present study demonstrates the potential for creating eco-friendly solvents with enhanced extraction capabilities compared to organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from various natural sources that are used as natural food colorants and cosmetic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant that has anti‐inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, tissue‐protective, and antioxidant activities. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of M. oleifera leaf powder (MoLP) and 70% ethanol M. oleifera leaf extract (MoLE) on mitigating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)‐induced liver and kidney dysfunction via regulating oxidative stress in female albino mice (Mus musculus). The efficacy of M. oleifera was compared with metformin (standard medicine used to treat infertility in women). PCOS was induced by intramuscular injection of testosterone enanthate at 1.0 mg/100 g BW for 35 days. PCOS‐induced mice were treated with MoLP (250 and 500 mg/Kg), MoLE (250 and 500 mg/kg), and metformin (250 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Renal function test (RFT), liver function test (LFT), and oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified in serum at 0, 7, and 14 days of intervention. Mice treated with M. oleifera and metformin showed a significant decrease (p <.001) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and a significant increase (p <.001) in total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio. Oxidative stress decreased significantly (p =.00) with respect to treatments, exposure days, and their interaction in metformin and all M. oleifera‐treated groups. M. oleifera leaf powder and extract reduce oxidative stress and enhance nephron‐hepatic activity in PCOS‐induced female albino mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prebiotics are good source of dietary fiber or a group of nutrients or non-digestible short chain carbohydrates which human body cannot digest and it stimulates the growth and activity of some friendly bacteria in your intestinal tract. Prebiotics fibers are linked to β-(2→1) fructosyl units and are universally agreed to be fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or oligofructose or oligosaccharide or inulin. FOS are oligosaccharides that occur naturally in a variety of plants such as garlic and onions, wheat, rye, chicory roots, jerusalem artichokes, nectarine, seaweed, sugar cane bagasse, cassava waste, rice bran, rice straw, apple pomace, papaya, beet root peels, flaxseed, cereals, and banana peels among many others. These are extracted from fruits, vegetables, seeds and cereals using the various novel techniques such as membrane ultra-filtration method, microwave extraction, Ultrasonic Microwave Assisted Extraction, and high-pressure solvent extraction method. FOS are non-digestible carbohydrates with low-calorie that improve the taste and texture of food products while immunity booster, nutraceutical properties, bone health, microbial properties and its prebiotic activity in digestive track are the limelight of current review article. In addition, the main beneficial physiological effects of FOS such as low carcinogenicity, improved mineral absorption in gut and a reduction in serum cholesterol levels, triacylglycerols and phospholipids are the major part of this review. Moreover, FOS is beneficial for long-term blood glucose and its sensitivity to insulin due to the higher contents of plasma-free fatty acids using low tissue glucose. Conclusively, FOS improves intestinal flora, with subsequent relief of constipation, reduce the risk of heart diseases and certain cancers, improved blood lipids in hyperlipidemia, suppressed the production of intestinal putrefactive-substances and make your digestive work better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a series of new hydrazone and sulfonamide derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole were synthesized. Initially three 4-substituted-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones ZE-1(a–c) were treated with ethyl chloroacetate to get the corresponding thioesters ZE-2(a–c), which were reacted with hydrazine hydrate to the respective hydrazides ZE-3(a–c). The synthesized hydrazides were condensed with different aldehydes and p-toluene sulfonylchloride to furnish the target hydrazone derivatives ZE-4(a–c) and sulfonamide derivatives ZE-5(a–c) respectively. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and elemental analysis data. Furthermore, the new hydrazone and sulfonamide derivatives ZE-4(b–c) and ZE-5(a–b) were evaluated for their antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities. ZE-4b, ZE-4c, ZE-5a and ZE-5b inhibited arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate and collagen-induced platelets aggregation with IC50 values of 40.1, 785 and 10.01 (ZE-4b), 55.3, 850.4 and 10 (ZE-4c), 121.6, 956.8 and 30.1 (ZE-5a), 99.9, 519 and 29.97 (ZE-5b) respectively. Test compounds increased plasma recalcification time (PRT) and bleeding time (BT) with ZE-4c being found most effective, which at 30, 100, 300 and 1000 µM increased PRT to 84.2 ± 1.88, 142 ± 3.51, 205.6 ± 5.37 and 300.2 ± 3.48 s and prolonged BT to 90.5 ± 3.12, 112.25 ± 2.66, 145.75 ± 1.60 s (P < 0.001 vs. saline group) respectively. In silico docking approach was also applied to screen these compounds for their efficacy against selected drug targets of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. Thus in silico, in vitro and in vivo investigations of ZE-4b, ZE-4c, ZE-5a and ZE-5b prove their antiplatelet and anticoagulant potential and can be used as lead molecules for further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of gamma irradiation and guava leaf extract (GLE) on chicken meat patties. The effects of treatments on chicken meat patties were determined by physicochemical, stability (oxidative and microbial), and antioxidant status during different packaging (aerobic and vacuum) at storage intervals (0, 5, and 10 days). The changes in physicochemical parameters of chicken patties were observed on various treatments, storage intervals, and different packaging. The TBARS and POV were found to increase significantly (p <.05) on 2 kGy and with the passage of storage time. The results of microbial load in samples were found to decrease on gamma irradiation with and without GLE. The antioxidant profile in chicken patties was with respect to control. Slight changes were seen in sensory parameters on different treatments at storage intervals. It is concluded that gamma irradiation eliminated the microbes and different concentrations of GLE improve the stability and antioxidant profile of chicken patties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit bars are prepared by combining different ingredients which are wholesome and nutrient rich. The current study was designed to develop roselle–fig (different proportions) fruit bars and further investigate their physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential. Moreover, the prepared fruit bars were scrutinized for microbial and sensory characteristics to assess the appropriateness of ingredients during storage (up to 90 days). It was observed that there was gradual increase in moisture content with the passage of time, while ash, fat, fiber, and protein contents did not change significantly during storage. The pH and total soluble solid contents of these fruit bars during storage were 3.54–4.07 and 1.71–1.86 Brix, respectively. According to the mean values for sensory evaluation, T2 was preferred over other treatments. The bars received an acceptable sensory evaluation, demonstrating that they were suitable for 90 days of storage. Phytochemical quantities significantly increased in subsequent treatments, but decreased during storage in all the treatments. Similar trend was observed regarding total antioxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The mineral contents increased significantly among the treatments. The microbial analysis of fruit bars exposed that the fruit were microbiologically safe. Hence, on the basis of the results obtained in this study, it may be concluded that the developed roselle–fig fruit bar would be acceptable and nutritious regarding physicochemical characteristics, microbiological quality, and antioxidant potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lipase is one of the most important enzymes produced from microbial fermentation. Agricultural wastes are a good source of enzyme production because they are cost-effective and production rates are also higher. Method: In this study, eight lignolitic substrates were screened for lipase production. Results: Out of these substrates, guava leaves showed maximum activity of 9.1 U/mL from Aspergillus niger by using the solid-state fermentation method. Various factors such as temperature, pH, incubation period, moisture content, inoculum size, and substrate size that influence the growth of fungi were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), and then characterization was performed. When all physical and nutritional parameters were optimized by RSM, the maximum lipase activity obtained was 12.52 U/mL after 4 days of incubation, at pH 8, 40 °C temperature, 3 mL inoculum size, 20% moisture content, and 6 g substrate concentration. The enzyme was partially purified through 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation. After purification, it showed 34.291 U/mg enzyme activity, increasing the purification fold to 1.3. The enzyme was then further purified by dialysis, and the purification fold increased to 1.83 having enzyme activity of 48.03 U/mg. Furthermore, activity was increased to 132.72 U/mg after column chromatography. A purification fold of 5.07 was obtained after all purification steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eating is one of the most and foremost necessities of life. Eating is necessary for a being for growth, development, and maintenance of body and body system. However, a variety of problems are associated with eating, in which eating disorder is of the most common. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two most potential eating disorders mostly prevailing in youth of developing countries like Pakistan. A better understanding of its incidence is a basic requirement for improving its management. However, the temporal trend of eating disorder incidence in Pakistan is still unknown. Methods: The age- and gender-specific incidence and prevalence rates of eating disorders and their subtypes, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. The annual percentage change and average annual percentage changes were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis to observe the trends in the incidence and prevalence rates of eating disorders and their subtypes in Pakistan over the past three decades. Results: From 1990 to 2019, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) of eating disorders continued to increase in both males and females, and similar trends were observed in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. ASIR of eating disorders and bulimia nervosa was higher among males as compared to females, during mentioned time frame, but it was reversed in the case of anorexia nervosa where ASIR was higher among females as compared to males. However, ASPRs of eating disorders including both the anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, was higher among females as compared to males. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the incidence rates and prevalence rates have increased in all age groups. 15-19 and 20-24 years' age groups are having the highest incidence rates of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, for both males and females. Conclusion: Eating disorder burden continues to rise in Pakistan, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Further etiological studies are required to explain these increases and to facilitate the early identification of high-risk individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant proteins can be an important alternative to animal proteins subject to minor modification to address sustainability issues. The impact of ultrasound application on the yield, techno-functional properties, and molecular characteristics of protein extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds was studied. For this purpose, a central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters such as amplitude (25–75%), solute-to-solvent ratio (1:10–1:30), and pH (9–13) for obtaining the maximum protein yield. At the optimized conditions of 75% amplitude, 1:20 solute-to-solvent ratio, and 11 pH, a protein yield of 39.12% was obtained in the UAE process. Moreover, the best sonication time at optimized conditions was 20 min, which resulted in about 150% more extraction yield in comparison to conventional extraction (CE). The techno-functional properties, for instance, solubility, water (WHC)- and oil-holding capacity (OHC), and emulsifying and foaming properties of the protein obtained from UAE and CE were also compared. The functional properties revealed high solubility, good WHC and OHC, and improved emulsifying properties for protein obtained from UAE. Although protein from UAE provided higher foam formation, foaming stability was significantly lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asia is the largest producer of shrimp, accounting for 70% of the global cultured production. The market for shrimp has a high demand and the by-products from shrimp processing make up 40–60% of the whole shrimp. The main by-products include the head, viscera, shell, pelopods, tail, cephalothorax, and exoskeleton. The trends of the future and hurdles of shrimp by-product utilization have been outlined. These by-products are a good source of protein and have anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-oxidant properties. They also enhance the immune system and have bioactive compounds that encourage their use for anti-cancerous, anti-hypertensive, and various other diseases. The waste produced can yield valuable by-products, including astaxanthin, oil, carotenoids, fortified products, nutrient-enriched chitin, protein, flavor enhancers, and composite flour. The yield of astaxanthin is 59.97 µg/g along with carotenoid is 68.26 µg/ml dw, chitosan (87%), protein (47.8%), oil extracted (88.9%) from shrimp by-products, and shrimp head is a rich source of protein (66%) and chitin (6%). These by-products can help meet the growing demand of an increasing population. The abundance of healthy ingredients found in shrimp makes it a valuable resource for scientists, entrepreneurs, and industrialists to develop new products. Additionally, utilizing shrimp waste can help reduce the burden on the earth and decrease environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PCOS is the most prevalent female endocrine disorder and is characterized by polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism, and protracted anovulation. In PCOS, obesity, low-grade chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR) frequently coexist. The Mediterranean diet (MD) and Ketogenic diet act as an anti-inflammatory eating plan that is high in complex carbohydrates, fiber, and monounsaturated fat, whereas the Keto diet is high in fat content. PCOS is associated with obesity, low-grade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalances. The aim of the present study was to measure the metabolic and endocrine effects of a ketogenic and hypocaloric Mediterranean diet in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. For this purpose, 80 participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 was on the ketogenic diet and Group 2 was on the Mediterranean diet for 9 weeks. The result of the present study showed that significant weight was reduced among the keto group (−10.9 kg) as compared to the Mediterranean group (−5.1 kg). Total cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein among the keto group was 181. 5 ± 22.2 and 85.3 ± 16.2 U/L whereas, in the Mediterranean group 190.3 ± 22.7 and 91.3 ± 15.9 U/L were observed. Blood glucose levels among the Keto and Mediterranean groups reduced significantly 83.47 ± 5.81 and 91.7 ± 5.8 (mg/dl). C-peptide, LH, and FSH also improved more significantly as compared to the Mediterranean group respectively. This study revealed that a ketogenic diet is superior to a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet for lowering Triglyceride, Cholesterol, LDL, blood glucose, insulin, C peptide, HOMA-IR, LH/FSH, Serum Albumin, Facilitating Hormone, and Sex hormone-binding globulin levels. Females having PCO may improve health with the ketogenic diet [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing medical, engineering, biochemical, and biological interest has led to a steady pace of research and development into polymeric monolithic structures with densely interconnected pores for purifying bio compounds. Cryogels, which are generated by freezing a reactive polymerization mixture, are highlighted due to their versatility and low relative cost as macroporous, polymeric, monolithic adsorbents. The conversion of cryogels into affinity adsorbents is one possible alternative to their optimal application. Some of the most often utilized supports for immobilizing particular ligands are monolithic columns manufactured with epoxy radicals on their surfaces. The purification of biomolecules with a high degree of specificity, such as lectins and glycoproteins with an affinity for glycosylated groups, has garnered interest in the use of fixed non-traditional beds functionalized with ligands of particular interest. The interaction is both robust enough to permit the adsorption of glycoproteins and reversible enough to permit the dissociation of molecules in response to changes in the solution's pH. When compared to other protein A-based approaches, this one has been shown to be more advantageous than its counterparts in terms of specificity, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness. Information on polymeric, macroporous, monolithic adsorbents used in the affinity chromatographic purification of lectins has been published and explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to explore the nutraceutical potential of orange peel, malted barley, and fenugreek-based value-added/functional health mix. Purposely, orange peel and fenugreek powder have been combined to germinated barley flour with different ratio. The composite flour was subjected to a nutritional and antioxidant assay. The nutritional analysis revealed that orange peel and malted barley are good sources of protein, fiber, fat, potassium (K), and calcium (Ca). Afterward, the health mix-based functional drink was developed and subjected to physicochemical, functional, and sensory evaluation. The TPC (Total phenolic content), DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) activity, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) was found to be increased with the addition of peel flour at various concentrations. The drink (30% peel flour, 60% barley flour and 10% fenugreek flour) is among the other treatments. Sensory scores of formulated value-added drinks decreased with the progression of storage time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-thermal processing has been developed to increase the quality and storage life of fruit juices in response to consumer desire. Ozonation is a recently developed method that generates volatile oxygen atoms that can eliminate a broad spectrum of microbes and extend the shelf stability of food products. The present research was intended to investigate the ozone processing on the physicochemical characteristics, microbiological quality, sensory attributes, and antioxidant potential of Kinnow juice. In this study, Kinnow juice was processed to 150 mg/h of ozone gas at a constant concentration for 5, 10, and 15 min. The sample was then taken in a plastic container and stored at 35°C ± 2 for three months. The results revealed that ozone processing had a significant (p˂0.05) effect on the total phenolics (TP) contents, total flavonoids (TF) contents, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and DDPH radical scavenging activity of Kinnow juice. In addition, the ozonation application also significantly (p˂0.05) decreased the population of the microbes when the ozone time was increased from 5–15 min. Among the treatments, it was observed that T3 had the highest TSS, acidity, TF contents, TAA, and DDPH radical scavenging activity values and the lowest mold and plate counts. Regarding sensory qualities, T0+ showed the highest sensory score during storage. Thus, it may be concluded from the findings of our study that ozone application improved the quality of Kinnow juice by increasing TSS, phytochemicals and decreasing the microbial population, thereby prolonging their shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera has gained tremendous popularity in recent time due to its unlimited nutraceutical and functional properties. Present study was intended to investigate bioactive compounds present in Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MoLP). Moringa leaves were plucked, dried, ground, and were preliminarily analyzed for their proximate composition and mineral profile. Standard tests were conducted to evaluate flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, proteins, amino acids, fats, and oils. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total saponins content (TSC), total tannins content (TTC), FRAP assay, and DPPH radical scavenging property was also analyzed. Phytochemical investigation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and its extract depicted the existence of rich bioactive compounds including amino acids, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins. The study illustrated that the phytochemicals in Moringa oleifera exhibit higher antioxidant activity against free radicals, revealing its strong nutritional worth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of sweet lime peel powder (SLPP) on the quality and stability of butter at different storage intervals. Butter is a high-fat food containing trace amounts of water, minerals, and vitamins. Limetta Citrus Risso contains polyphenols, antioxidants, antimicrobial compounds, minerals, and vitamins. Physicochemical analysis (hunter color (L*, a*, and b*) and pH), quality tests (TBARS value and peroxide value), antioxidant activity (DPPH and total phenolic contents), microbiological analysis, and sensory evaluation of butter enriched with SLPP were performed to observe the changes on different treatments at storage intervals with vacuum and aerobic packaging. The butter was treated with 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6% sweet lime peel powder (SLPP). The variations in TBARS and POV were observed significantly in butter during different treatments, storage periods, and packaging. The results showed that color was changed significantly concerning different treatments, storage periods, and packaging. The L* and b* values were observed to be highest in aerobic packaging, whereas the a* value was increased in vacuum packaging. The antioxidants (DPPH, and TPC) varied significantly in both types of packaging on different treatments at storage intervals. High DPPH and phenolic contents were noticed in the 6% SLPP sample, while lower values were noted in the control sample. The negligible variations were analyzed in appearance, taste, color, odor, and overall acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the effects of nutritional intervention in breast cancer patients. Anthropometrics serum biomarkers and tumor markers were assessed in breast cancer female patients. Product intervention was done in the breast cancer group (n = 120) which was further segregated into three treatments groups T0 placebo Group (non-supplemented cookies) + chemotherapy, T1 synthetic group (vitamin D and calcium supplement) + chemotherapy, T2 natural group (ESP + CLO supplemented cookies) + chemotherapy. Anthropometrics data showed that body mass index (BMI) and hand grip strength (kg) were varied from 26.48 ± 0.28 to 26.15 ± 0.20 kg/m2 and 22.18 ± 0.36 to 22.21 ± 0.38 kg among T2 group, respectively. After intervention of natural supplement, serum calcium and serum vitamin D levels were significantly improved from 8.45 ± 0.08 to 8.61 ± 0.11 mg/dl and 26.45 ± 0.84 to 30.33 ± 1.37 ng/ml among T2 participants, respectively. Whereas in T1 group the serum calcium slightly improved from 8.46 ± 0.06 to 8.53 ± 0.07 mg/dl and serum vitamin D levels enhanced from 24.18 ± 1.06 to 26.38 ± 1.05 ng/ml among participants. The serum parathyroid hormone level significantly decreased from 5.2 ± 0.07 to 4.9 ± 0.07 pmol/l in T2 group participants. The nutritional intervention of calcium and vitamin D had shown to improved body mass index (BMI), hand grip strength and increased oral intake in patients and reduced inflammatory markers. Chemotherapy-induced dietary issues may be managed by effective oral nutritional intervention. Serum calcium and vitamin D may be modifiable factor for the risk of breast cancer in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]