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The main lines of the history of knowledge about the vascular flora of Morocco are presented. Names of some famous authors and notable publications are indicated. The report drawn up shows that the general floristic inventory is fairly well known; but for many species, there are still more or less big taxonomic and/or chorological gaps. Moroccan floristic research is currently in a bad situation. While waiting for better days, there is a way to keep the flame of this research alive by benefiting from the advantages of computer tools; efforts should be directed towards the creation and development of databases and electronic flora. The aim is to capitalize existing information, update it and disseminate it to the widest possible public, in particular researchers, students and biodiversity managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) is reported here for the first time in Morocco. It is a neophyte native to tropical and sub-tropical regions. Discriminating morphological characters, taxonomic note, photographic illustrations, as well as data on habitats and geographic distribution of the taxon in Morocco and worldwide are provided for easy identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Morocco is home to a remarkable diversity of flora, including several species from the Artemisia genus. This study aims to thoroughly examine the chemical composition of essential oils derived from Artemisia species and assess their antibacterial and antioxidant properties through in vitro experiments and in silico simulations., Methods: Samples of Artemisia herba-alba Asso. were collected from Boulemane and Ifrane in Morocco, while Artemisia huguetii Caball. was sampled from Tata, representing regions of the Central Middle Atlas and Western Anti-Atlas. Essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation, and their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated, and antioxidant properties were assessed using the DPPH assay. In silico predictions of antibacterial and antioxidant activities were performed using computational models., Results: The extraction yields varied depending on the geographical origin, ranging from 1.54% to 2.78%. GC-MS analysis revealed significant differences in the chemical composition of the oils from different Artemisia species and regions, with a notable prevalence of oxygenated monoterpenes. Specifically, the oil from Boulemane was rich in thujone, the oil from Ifrane was predominantly composed of camphor, and the oil from Tata contained both camphor and thujone. The oils exhibited stronger antifungal than antibacterial properties, with Enterobacter cloacae strains showing high sensitivity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of approximately 12.5 mg/mL. The Boulemane oil of A. herba-alba displayed the highest antioxidant activity, effectively inhibiting DPPH at a concentration of 13.501 μg/mL., Discussion: The in silico simulations predicted that the primary compounds in these essential oils, such as davanone, eucalyptol, camphor, and thujone, would exhibit potent antibacterial and antioxidant properties. These compounds were found to have favorable ADMET characteristics, including good blood-brain barrier permeability, gastrointestinal absorption, and skin penetration. Molecular docking studies revealed strong interactions between these compounds and key target proteins, such as NADPH-dependent catalase and dihydrofolate reductase. The stability of the protein-ligand complexes was confirmed by molecular dynamics, with davanone showing a significant impact. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the biological potential of Artemisia essential oils, highlighting davanone as a promising molecule for medicinal or pharmaceutical applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 El Ouardi, Drioiche, El Makhoukhi, Mabrouki, Hakmi, Al kamaly, A. Alsfouk, Eddamsyry, Khamar, Zair and Alaoui El Belghiti.)

Introduction: This research aims to explore the molecular composition, antioxidant capabilities, and antibacterial effects of the essential oils from Tetraclinis articulateata and Juniperus phoenicea ., Methods: Essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical makeup of essential oils. Two methods are used to assess the antioxidant activity of essential oils: the reduction of iron (ferric reducing antioxidant power or frap) and the trapping of the free radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The antimicrobial potential of essential oils was assessed using the diffusion method on a solid-state disk in comparison to nine bacterial and seven fungal souches., Results and Discussion: The essential oil yields from Tetraclinis articulata and Juniperus phoenicea are 0.46% ± 0.02% and 0.83% ± 0.05%, respectively. According to CG/SM's chromatographic analyses, the predominant constituent in the essential oil of J. Phoenicea is α-pinène (59.51%), while the main constituents in the essential oil of T. Articulata ? are Bornyle acetate (18.91%) and camphor (28.48%). The assessment of antioxidant activities reveals intriguing antioxidant qualities in the essential oils of the species under investigation. T. Articulata essential oils yield the greatest results in the DPPH and FRAP tests, with CI50 values of around 266.9 ± 5.4 μg/mL and EC50 values of 433.16 ± 4.13 μg/mL, respectively. Except for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus BLACT, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa, the two essential oils have demonstrated significant bactericidal activity against all bacterial and fungal souches (MIC <2 mg/mL et MBC <3.5 mg/mL). The inhibiting effect of these oils on bacterial and fungal development raises potential application areas in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, the current study investigated the potential antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from Juniperus phoenicea and Tetraclinis articulate plants via the Glide molecular docking methodology, and most of these constituents were observed to be potent therapeutic agents., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Asbabou, Hanane, Gourich, Siddique, Drioiche, Remok, Saidi, Adadi, Khamar, Almaary, Mekonnen, Bourhia, Bouzoubaa and Zair.)

The progress of taxonomic work on native Verbascum L. taxa found in Morocco led to a search for reference specimens in various herbaria. This process was extended to the taxa found in the other four countries of North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt), which make up the southern shore of the Mediterranean basin. Numerous names were identified as needing typification or requiring corrections of their earlier lectotypifications in order to stabilize their nomenclature and provide a better definition of each taxon. As a result, lectotypes are now designated for 35 names, a neotype is proposed for V.ballii (Batt.) Hub.-Mor., and second-step lectotypes are proposed for V.faureisubsp.acanthifolium (Pau) Benedí & J.M.Monts. and V.pinnatisectum (Batt.) Benedí. Comments have been added for each typified name. Known isolectotypes are also mentioned whenever possible. Furthermore, some new combinations are proposed in this paper, namely V.longirostrevar.antiatlantica (Emb.) Khamar, comb. nov. , V.longirostrevar.atlantica (Maire) Khamar, comb. nov. , and V.longirostrevar.hoggarica (Maire) Khamar, comb. nov.

Cladanthus scariosus (Ball) Oberpr. & Vogt is endemic to Moroccan High Atlas. It is known under the vernacular names Irezghi or Irezgui. Three essential oil samples have been isolated from aerial parts and analyzed by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques [gas chromatography (GC) in combination with retention indices (RI), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy]. The compositions of oil samples were dominated by monoterpenes: α-pinene sabinene, and terpinen-4-ol. Chamazulene and dihydrochamazulene isomers as well as various hemiterpene esters and analogs have been identified. To evidence a chemical variability, statistical analysis performed on 13 oil sample compositions allowed partitioning into three groups, mainly differentiated by their contents of sabinene, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, and germacrene D., (© 2022 The Authors. Chemistry & Biodiversity published by Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Rumex is one of about 50 genera in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. The genus comprises about 200 species with bisexual, or more commonly, unisexual flowers, with the species displaying monoecious, dioecious, synoecious (hermaphroditic) or polygamous reproductive systems. Some of the dioecious species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes, which is rare amongst angiosperms. We here present a plastid phylogeny of 67 species, representing all four subgenera. For this study, we used three chloroplast markers, rbcL , trnH - psbA , trnL - F and dense taxon sampling to reconstruct the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Rumex to date. The reconstructed phylogeny for this work resolves six major clades and one large grade in Rumexsubg.Rumex. In addition, the species with known dioecious reproductive systems are resolved within a broader clade we term "the dioecious clade". These results suggest that the species with divergent reproductive systems are more closely related to each other than to other species comprising the rest of the Rumex genus., (Kirstie D. Grant, Daniel Koenemann, Janet Mansaray, Aisha Ahmed, Hamid Khamar, Jalal El Oualidi, Janelle M. Burke.)