Search

Intertextuality, defined as the presence of one text within another, is a powerful tool in shaping media narratives and engaging audiences. This study explores intertextuality in Kazakh, Russian, and English-language media, examining how precedent expressions like quotes, allusions, proverbs, and aphorisms sued as media texts interact across cultural and linguistic contexts, and how these three linguistic landscapes use these expressions to reinforce messages, establish authority, and foster a sense of cultural identity. The study used a mixed method research approach, wherein the quantitative phase determined how precedent expressions were perceived by young people, through a survey whose data was analyzed through a Python-based program utilizing artificial intelligence. The qualitative phase made use of linguacultural analysis of literary texts, contextual analysis, synthesis, by using a comparative method. The sampling of the media texts was made from leading Kazakh, Russian, and English-language media sources, including news articles, and social media posts published over the past two years. Purposeful sampling technique was adopted to ensure that the selection of texts was rich in intertextual references, including precedent phenomena and culturally significant expressions. The findings of the study revealed the semantic content of these precedent phenomena and demonstrated national and cultural characteristics. The study found common patterns in intertextual practices across all three media types, illustrating how intertextuality enhanced narrative depth and bridged cultural and historical contexts. Despite differences in cultural emphasis, intertextuality in each media landscape engages readers, added layers of meaning, and shapes public discourse. These findings have significant implications for cross-cultural media analysis, suggesting that understanding intertextuality can enhance translation practices, improve cultural adaptation in media, and contribute to the development of media literacy programs.

Antioxidants of plant extract play an important role in the phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (phyto-AgNPs), providing the reduction of silver ions and capping and stabilization of nanoparticles. Despite the current progress in the studies of phytosynthesis, there is no approach to the selection of plant extract for obtaining phyto-AgNPs with desired properties. This work shows that antioxidant activity (AOA) of plant extracts is a key parameter for targeted phytosynthesis. In support of this fact, the synthesis of phyto-AgNPs was carried out using extracts of four plants with different AOA, increasing in the order Ribes uva-crispa < Lonicera caerulea < Fragaria vesca < Hippophae rhamnoides. Phyto-AgNPs have been characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction technique, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. It was established that the change in the AOA of the plant extract is accompanied by a size-dependent change in the optical and electrochemical properties of phyto-AgNPs. In particular, an increase in the extract AOA leads to the formation of smaller phyto-AgNPs with higher electrochemical activity and low charge transfer resistance. A “blue shift” and an increase in the plasmon resonance band of silver sols are observed with an increase in the extract AOA. The obtained regularities prove the existence of the “AOA–size–properties” triad, which can be used for controlled phytosynthesis and prediction of phyto-AgNPs’ properties.

In this article, the authors explore the problem of pre-service teachers' readiness for integrated learning in primary school. The purpose of the article is to determine the state of readiness of pre-service teachers for integrated education in primary school at the stage of university training. The study was conducted in the logic of a summative psychological and pedagogical assessment, the material obtained from the empirical data was analyzed and summarized. The sample consisted of 120 students enrolled in an educational program at Karaganda Buketov University and Pavlodar Pedagogical University. The obtained data are interpreted and subjected to statistical analysis using the student's t-test. The components of the pre-service teachers' readiness for the type of activity under study are determined: motivational, substantive, procedural, and their indicators, levels. In conclusion, the reasons that influenced the learning outcomes of the studied students are described, and the tasks of eliminating the identified causes are determined.

Laboratory experiments in physics are a fundamental basis for studying physical phenomena occurring in nature and a methodological tool that provides visibility of the learning process and conducting experiments is important for the formation of students’ scientific worldview, deep understanding of physical laws and increasing interest in the study of physics. Existing in universities and schools, in addition to traditional ones, modern tools, technologies and approaches, such as virtual reality, augmented reality, computer modelling, online laboratories, virtual laboratory and others, are additional tools for improving the quality of the learning process and teaching techniques, which do not replace full-scale experiments, but only supplement them. In our opinion, for better learning, laboratory installations in physics are needed, with the help of which students can carry out real-life experiments and can broadcast them using innovative computer technologies for distance learning. To implement this task, we reviewed and analysed existing laboratory installations, identified their advantages and disadvantages, and then designed and developed alternative digital experimental set-ups for studying physics phenomena in laboratory conditions of educational institutions based on computer vision technology and presented the results of the study in this article. In carrying out the research tasks, effective methods of conducting scientific research were used, such as theoretical substantiation of the issue, experimental testing of the developed hardware and software systems and computer final processing of experimental data. In summary, the research described in the paper presents an innovative mechanism for integrating object tracking based on computer vision to improve the quality of measurements and new ways of conducting physics experiments. The mechanical laboratory complexes we have developed consist of hardware and software parts. The software part consists of server and client parts. The hardware consists of the main part - the scene, where the physical process takes place, i.e. where a physical object is located, such as a mathematical pendulum, an inclined plane, etc., with the help of which many physical phenomena and processes in mechanics can be demonstrated, and an additional part where a microcomputer and a camera are located. The operating principle of the laboratory installation is based on the use of computer vision technology, i.e. a system for monitoring the ongoing physical process, consisting of a digital camera for image processing, object identification and data export, and a microcomputer for processing experimental data. The use of the experimental installations in the process of teaching physics is a new model of teaching with a promising future in secondary and higher education, and the installations themselves will become tools for offline and online learning, due to the use of computer vision technology, revealing new opportunities and approaches to teaching.

This work provides a comprehensive review of the history, status, and genetic characteristics of cattle breeds in Kazakhstan. The current breeding status is analysed, including information on popular breeds such as Kazakh whiteheaded, Auliekol, Alatau, Aulieata, and Kalmyk, their production and economic significance. An overview of genetic studies using DNA fingerprinting, microsatellites, and SNPs aimed at identifying unique characteristics, genetic diversity, and genes under selection, as well as markers of economically important and productive traits of Kazakh cattle breeds, is also provided. The study examined the genetic structure of the Kazakh white-headed and Alatau breeds based on whole-genome SNP genotyping. Unique genetic components characterizing Kazakhstan cattle breeds were described, and comparisons were made with genetic data from other breeds. Structural analysis showed that the Kazakh white-headed breed contains genetic components of the Hereford, Kalmyk, and Altai cattle. The Alatau breed has a composite structure, containing components of the Brown Swiss, Braunvieh, Kalmyk, and Holstein breeds. The results not only reveal the genetic diversity and characteristics of cattle breeds in Kazakhstan and the historical development and current state of animal husbandry in the country, but also emphasize the importance of further research to identify adaptive and unique genetic markers affecting economically important traits of local breeds.

ObjectivesFusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobic bacillus associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine the abundance of F. nucleatum and other CRC-associated bacteria using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis to detect the possible correlations between tumor and normal tissues and the relationships between patients’ clinical characteristics, diet, and CRC-associated bacteria.MethodsA total of 249 biopsy samples of tumor and paired normal tissues were collected from patients with CRC. Biopsy samples were screened for detection of F. nucleatum using qPCR targeting nusG gene. Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus gallolyticus were also detected in the samples using species-specific genes.ResultsThe frequencies of detection of F. nucleatum in the tumor and normal tissues of patients with CRC were 43.37 and 24.1%, respectively (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis using cycle threshold (Ct) values from qPCR data and clinical characteristics showed that tumor size, tumor location, and processed meat consumption were significantly correlated with the abundance of F. nucleatum (P < 0.05). The significance of the prevalence of B. fragilis and E. coli in tumor tissues was marginally higher than that in normal tissues (P < 0.1), and the consumption of processed/red meat affected the prevalence of these bacteria (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results showed an association between the presence of F. nucleatum in tumor tissues and CRC, indicating that F. nucleatum may be a potential marker for CRC diagnosis. F. nucleatum is enriched in CRC tissues and is associated with CRC development.

This study investigates the genetic architecture of the Kazakh Whiteheaded (KWH) cattle, applying population genetics approaches to resequenced genomes. FST analysis of 66 cattle breeds identified breeds for admixture analysis. At K = 19, the composite KWH breed showed contributions from Hereford, Altai, and Kalmyk cattle. Principal component analysis and ancestry inference confirmed these patterns, with KWH genomes comprising 45% Hereford, 30% Altai, and 25% Kalmyk ancestries. Haplotype analysis revealed 73 regions under putative selection in KWH, some shared with Hereford (e.g., with the gene DCUN1D4) and some KWH-specific (e.g., with the gene SCMH1). FST analysis identified 105 putative intervals under selection, with key genes (KITLG, SLC9C1, and SCMH1) involved in coat colour and physiological adaptations. Functional enrichment using The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) in selected regions highlighted clusters associated with developmental processes, ubiquitination, and fatty acid metabolism. Point FST identified 42 missense variants in genes enriched in functions related to economically important traits. Local ancestry inference revealed genomic intervals with predominantly non-Hereford ancestry, including high Altai (e.g., SCAPER) and Kalmyk (e.g., SRD5A2) contributions, while Hereford-dominated regions included genes ENO1 and RERE. This work elucidates the genomic contributions and adaptive signatures of selection shaping the KWH breed, providing candidate genetic variants for breeding program improvement and enhanced genome predictions.

The purpose of this article is to define the functions of the teacher as the organizer of chat communication, which has become one of the foundations of Internet communication. The leading method for the study of this problem is the method of situational modeling, which allows considering chat-communication as a process of new social interaction, requiring the leading role of the teacher-organizer, ensuring the maximum involvement of all participants-communicators in this process in order to assimilate new knowledge by the perceiver (learners). This article presents new methodological methods of teacher's work within the framework of chat-communication, defines the important functions of a teacher, who communicates knowledge in the changed socio-cultural environment. The presented methodological material is designed to help teachers of higher education to use chat-communication as a new channel of knowledge transfer from a teacher to a student to adapt to the new communicative realities, to give awareness of the continuity of the educational process, even in a situation of significant changes in conditions of its implementation.

The implementation of inclusive practices in mainstream education remains particularly difficult in the French context and is influenced by various factors including the types of disability labels, and the type of assessment practices that are used. Indeed, how student disability is labelled could impact teacher attitudes by notably disfavouring students labelled with autism. Moreover, normative assessment is strongly linked with selection at schools--a function that works against teacher attitudes towards inclusive education. This article reports on a study in which we examined teacher intentions to use materials accommodated to special educational needs students, as a function of special needs labelling. Specifically, this refers to the use of labels for either a disability or special educational need, in connection to tasks associated with learning or assessment. The results of our study revealed that, for both types of labels, the intentions to use accommodated materials are lower when teachers are asked to assess student competence than when prompted to teach this competence. These findings are discussed with consideration to the incompatibility between selection in schools--which is aligned with the principle of meritocracy--and efforts to promote inclusive education practices.

Background Emergency general surgery (EGS) often demands timely interventions, yet data for triage and timing are limited. This study explores the relationship between hospital arrival-to-operation time and mortality in EGS patients.Study design We performed a retrospective cohort study using an EGS registry at four hospitals, enrolling adults who underwent operative intervention for a primary American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-defined EGS diagnosis between 2021 and 2023. We excluded patients undergoing surgery more than 72 hours after admission as non-urgent and defined our exposure of interest as the time from the initial vital sign capture to the skin incision timestamp. We assessed the association between operative timing quintiles and in-hospital mortality using a mixed-effect hierarchical multivariable model, adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidities, organ dysfunction, and clustering at the hospital level.Results A total of 1199 patients were included. The median time to operating room (OR) was 8.2 hours (IQR 4.9–20.5 hours). Prolonged time to OR increased the relative likelihood of in-hospital mortality. Patients undergoing an operation between 6.7 and 10.7 hours after first vitals had the highest odds of in-hospital mortality compared with operative times

Author(s): M. A. Buharinova [sup.1] , E. I. Khamzina [sup.1] , V. Yu. Kolotygina [sup.1] , N. Yu. Stozhko [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/00zb26x20, grid.410629.8, 0000 0004 0636 7639, Ural [...], A voltammetric sensor based on carbon veil modified with graphene nanoplates and phytosynthesized cobalt oxide Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles is proposed for the determination of tartrazine (E102) and allura red AC (E129). The use of a composite nanomodifier contributes to an increase and better separation of the oxidation currents of azo dyes on their simultaneous presence. The process of the oxidation of azo dyes is irreversible, involves two electrons, and has a mixed nature. The sensor is characterized by a low limit of detection: 30 nM for E102 and 27 nM for E129, and in the inversion mode 16 and 3 nM, respectively. The analytical range the dyes is 0.1-15 [micro]M. The sensor has been successfully used in the analysis of fruit jellies and beverage. The advantages of the developed sensor are high performance and operational characteristics, ease of manufacture, and low cost.

Percentage of high-rank coal with low content of ash, moisture, and sulfur in total coal production output is low. Most of the produced coal has a low quality (lignite, bituminous coal: long-flame and fiery). Under increasing requirements for ecological cleanness of coal, the efficient use of coal products is only possible after improvement of their processing properties. The authors discuss the enhancement of flotation efficiency of low-rank coal using the mechanism of physisorption of a collecting agent in particle – bubble attachment. It is explained why the yield of concentrate with low ash content increases as a result of combination of collectors having different physical properties. It is shown that the surface activity of a heteropolar agent relative to the gas – liquid interface and the adsorption density of the agent govern its collecting properties. Based on the recovery – surface activity relationship, the correlation is found between the collecting activity of a chemical compound and the structure of its molecules. The combination of the collectors with different surface activity enables adjusting collectability and selectivity of the blend. The physisorption mechanism of collectors can be a framework for developing recommendations on modification of concentrate yield and ash content, and on selection of optimized ratios of surface activities of miscible collectors relative to the gas – liquid interface.

Kazakh meat–wool sheep are of great interest because of the intrabreed multifetal type's high productivity of 140 %–160 %. Genes encoding growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are promising candidates for studying sheep productivity, as they affect fertility in mammals, including sheep. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the fertility of the Kazakh meat–wool sheep breed based on GDF9 and BMP15 candidate genes of fecundity for the selection of animals with valuable genotypes. We selected 300 heads of the Kazakh meat–wool sheep breed from two populations for PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis, 15 of which were subsequently used for sequencing of exon regions of the GDF9 and BMP15 genes. The sheep populations were tested for G1 and G8 mutations of the GDF9 gene and B2 and B4 mutations of the BMP15 gene. The PCR-RFLP analysis revealed that 59 (19.7 %) of the 300 Kazakh meat–wool breed sheep were heterozygous carriers of the G1 mutation (genotype AG) of the GDF9 gene, and sequencing analysis supported these results. The comparative phylogenetic analysis showed a clear separation of Kazakh meat–wool sheep wild types and carriers of the G1 mutation. This mutation was reported to have a relationship with the animals' litter size in other sheep breeds. For this reason, similar relationships should be investigated in Kazakh meat–wool sheep. However, G8, B2, and B4 mutations were not detected among the studied animal populations, showing that these mutations are not characteristic of the Kazakh meat–wool sheep breed.

Abstract Despite the importance of agroforestry parkland systems for ecosystem and livelihood benefits, evidence on determinants of carbon storage in parklands remains scarce. Here, we assessed the direct and indirect influence of human management (selective harvesting of trees), abiotic factors (climate, topography, and soil) and multiple attributes of species diversity (taxonomic, functional, and structural) on aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks in 51 parklands in drylands of Benin. We used linear mixed-effects regressions and structural equation modeling to test the relative effects of these predictors on AGC stocks. We found that structural diversity (tree size diversity, HDBH) had the strongest (effect size β = 0.59, R2 = 54%) relationship with AGC stocks, followed by community-weighted mean of maximum height (CWMMAXH). Taxonomic diversity had no significant direct relationship with AGC stocks but influenced the latter indirectly through its negative effect on CWMMAXH, reflecting the impact of species selection by farmers. Elevation and soil total organic carbon content positively influenced AGC stocks both directly and indirectly via HDBH. No significant association was found between AGC stocks and tree harvesting factor. Our results suggest the mass ratio, niche complementarity and environmental favorability as underlying mechanisms of AGC storage in the parklands. Our findings also highlight the potential role of human-driven filtering of local species pool in regulating the effect of biodiversity on AGC storage in the parklands. We conclude that the promotion of AGC stocks in parklands is dependent on protecting tree regeneration in addition to enhancing tree size diversity and managing tall-stature trees.

Syphilitic hepatitis is a rare clinical presentation of syphilis and is easily misdiagnosed. However, clinical and histopathologic manifestations of Syphilitic Hepatitis can imitate other infectious and non-infectious diseases, and the diagnosis should be considered in patients with abnormal liver function tests. We present an unusual case of syphilitic hepatitis presenting with jaundice and abdominal bloating after treatment with benzylpenicillin, liver enzymes, and mucocutaneous findings improved.

Mustard seed is primarily used in the food or condiment industries in the form of either ground seeds or oil, and plays a significant role in agriculture. Especially in the intensive agricultural system where chemical fertilizers are used, little is known the impact of ammonium phosphate (Ammophos, 12% N, 52% P2O5) fertilizer applications on the yield and yield component of mustard under chernozem soil conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of seven doses of ammonium phosphate fertilizer applications on the seed yield and yield components of two different mustard varieties [Rushen (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) and Profi (Sinapis alba L.)] under chernozem soil conditions in Northern Kazakhstan. According to field experiment results, there were significant differences among the treatments in relation to yield and yield components (oil content, dry matter accumulation, NPK uptake, NPK contents in seeds) of mustard varieties. The higher seed yield for the N34.6 P150 treatment in Rushen and N41.5 P180 treatment in Profi than for any of the other rates of ammonium phosphate fertilizer application under the agro-ecological conditions of Akmola region, Northern Kazakhstan.

Le présent travail de recherche a recours à la psychologie sociale et à la socioanthropologie pour analyser les dynamiques entre les attitudes personnelles de producteurs agricoles et leurs perceptions des normes environnantes lors d’un processus de conversion à l’agriculture biologique. Les entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’éleveurs de la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes démontrent un poids important de la relation dynamique entre ce que les individus pensent (leurs attitudes personnelles) et ce qu’ils perçoivent être la norme au sein de leur groupe social (norme perçue). Cette situation s’avère être différente en fonction de la pratique agricole des répondants (conventionnelle, en conversion ou biologique). Les résultats sont discutés du point de vue du rôle que joue l’influence minoritaire dans les transformations actuelles du monde agricole.

Oral manifestations of IBD can be specific or nonspecific, due to intestinal malabsorption or induced by pharmacological treatments. Oral manifestations may precede the diagnosis of IBD or interfere with timely diagnosis and treatment. The paradigm of treatment for oral lesions in patients with IBD is based on treating and controlling the intestinal manifestations of the underlying disease as well as local methods of treatment can be used. Here, we report a case of a patient with the oral manifestation of IBD, who responded to treatment with infliximab. The patient was admitted with complaints of long-term nonhealing ulcers of the lips and oral cavity, odynophagia, and there were no intestinal manifestations at that time. The appearance of the disease in 2008 with lesions of the oral cavity, however, Crohn’s disease was diagnosed in 2016. The patient began therapy with azathioprine and prednisolone, and later developed hormone dependence and osteoporosis. In 2020, against the background of immunosuppressive therapy, the patient has an exacerbation, especially increased symptoms from the lesion of the oral cavity. In 2020 was started therapy with vedolizumab, with slight improvement. Due to the ineffectiveness of the latter’s therapy, therapy with monoclonal antibodies (infliximab) was started in February 2021. Currently, patient is in clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic remission.

The article presents one of the new approaches to theoretical assessment of collecting ability of reagents. The efficiency of reagents-collectors with different chemical composition used for flotation of coking coals was studied. A comparative assessment of the flotation activity of kerosene, mineral oil, thermal gas oil, KETGOL and FLOTEK is given. The criteria of collecting activity of the above reagents-collectors for coal sludge flotation were specified. A correlation was established between the indicators of coal sludge flotation by the above reagents and their physical parameters. It is shown that the rate of spreading over water surface can characterize the flotation activity of reagents. Based on dependence of the collecting activity of a reagent on its rate of spreading along the “gas – liquid” interface and surface pressure, the main approaches to determining the structure and composition of molecules of an effective flotation collector can be determined. A new concept of the function performed by a physically sorbed collector in the elementary act of flotation and a criterion for the flotation activity of reagents used in coal sludge beneficiation are proposed. It is shown that the collector used in coal flotation, in addition to hydrophobizing the surface of the extracted particles, should reduce the induction time and remove the kinetic constraint on formation of a flotation aggregate.

Simple Summary: The efficiency of contemporary agriculture depends on our ability to make new and modify old livestock breeds in response to climatic and demographic challenges. This can be facilitated using genetic markers that contribute to economically important traits in different environments. To start the process of finding such markers for breeds developed in the harsh climates of Kazakhstan, we sequenced the genomes of a local beef cattle breed called Kazakh Whiteheaded. We learned about their genetic ancestry from native Altai cattle, hardy Kalmyk breed, and highly productive Hereford cattle. We found genome intervals inherited from these breeds and those regions that react to the ongoing artificial selection. Importantly, we found specific mutations that can be tested for breed improvement and genomic prediction of individual animal features. Overall, this study has improved our knowledge of the genetic origins of Kazakhstan's most popular cattle breed and provided new genomics tools for improving livestock breeding strategies in this country. This study investigates the genetic architecture of the Kazakh Whiteheaded (KWH) cattle, applying population genetics approaches to resequenced genomes. FST analysis of 66 cattle breeds identified breeds for admixture analysis. At K = 19, the composite KWH breed showed contributions from Hereford, Altai, and Kalmyk cattle. Principal component analysis and ancestry inference confirmed these patterns, with KWH genomes comprising 45% Hereford, 30% Altai, and 25% Kalmyk ancestries. Haplotype analysis revealed 73 regions under putative selection in KWH, some shared with Hereford (e.g., with the gene DCUN1D4) and some KWH-specific (e.g., with the gene SCMH1). FST analysis identified 105 putative intervals under selection, with key genes (KITLG, SLC9C1, and SCMH1) involved in coat colour and physiological adaptations. Functional enrichment using The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) in selected regions highlighted clusters associated with developmental processes, ubiquitination, and fatty acid metabolism. Point FST identified 42 missense variants in genes enriched in functions related to economically important traits. Local ancestry inference revealed genomic intervals with predominantly non-Hereford ancestry, including high Altai (e.g., SCAPER) and Kalmyk (e.g., SRD5A2) contributions, while Hereford-dominated regions included genes ENO1 and RERE. This work elucidates the genomic contributions and adaptive signatures of selection shaping the KWH breed, providing candidate genetic variants for breeding program improvement and enhanced genome predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have demonstrated the effect of cow's milk on the antioxidant properties of tea and coffee, which has been largely attributed to the interaction between milk proteins and plant polyphenols. In this work, we applied redox potentiometry using potassium hexacyanoferrates in assessing the antioxidant activity (AOA) of beverages prepared by adding soy milk to tea or coffee. The AOA of the drinks was calculated with adjustments for volume fraction and AOA of soy milk. Addition of 10–30% (v/v) soy milk to green tea, black tea, drip coffee and lungo had no effect on the AOA of the original drinks, and the recorded deviations were within ± 4%. Cappuccino made with 67% (v/v) foamed soy milk showed a 24% increase in AOA compared to espresso.

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001

Background: To explain that students with intellectual disabilities are not fully included in mainstream education, the present paper investigates public attitudes towards inclusive education and notably examines how these vary according to students' type of disability (i.e., an intellectual, a communicational, a sensory, a motor, or a specific learning one). Method: Data were extracted from an opinion poll on inclusive education conducted on a representative sample of the French population (N = 1001). Results: The analyses indicated that the public are less favourably inclined towards the inclusion of students with an intellectual disability in comparison to students with autism spectrum disorder, a sensory disability, specific learning disabilities or a motor disability. Participants who are familiar with disability seem to express more favourable attitudes than those who are not. Conclusions: The present study contributes to a better understanding of public attitudes towards inclusive education and opens perspectives to develop more inclusive societies.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare clinical syndrome. It originates from neoplasms of the appendix and leads to the formation of peritoneal implants and the accumulation of mucinous ascites. PMP represents a spectrum of low to high-grade disease. Despite aggressive management, many PMP patients recur, leading to debilitating symptoms and few treatment options. Therefore, scientists have continued to look for ways to improve treatment and further understand disease pathogenesis. Microorganisms were previously hypothesized to play a role in PMP progression and development. Hence, antibacterial treatment was suggested by some authors, but the data were limited. In this paper, we review the current data on the role of bacteria in PMP, discuss the significance, and suggest possible solutions to the inherent challenges in these studies. Given the limitations of the discussed studies, we remain skeptical about introducing novel antibacterial treatment into clinical practice at this time; however, the available data are valuable and indicate that more research into the molecular mechanisms of PMP is needed.

In the context of the ongoing financial and economic crisis which had begun in 2014 the main prerequisite for employment in Kazakhstan acts unemployment which is accompanied by various social, economic and psychological problems. Analysis of the current state of labor market in Kazakhstan needs urgent actions in prevention and reducing unemployment, including creation and consolidation of the relevant legal provisions specific employment system which guarantees realization of citizens' rights in the field of labor and employment and meets modern economic realities. The main purpose of the work is a comprehensive study of theoretical and practical issues of employment, as well as formation of a science-based concepts of its legal regulation that can help in creation of the most effective and appropriate for the current situation in the employment system of Kazakhstan. The main conclusions and practical suggestions: the mechanism of legal regulation of employment is revealed; the features of this mechanism are highlighted; the content of state guarantees in this area and measures for their implementation is analyzed; the proposals in improving of legislation on employment are formulated; some options for improving the treatment of the self-employed citizens are offered. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it was proposed to solve the matter of division of powers of central government authorities and local authorities in order to develop and implement the measures ensuring employment of the population, including measures ensuring employment of citizens at risk of dismissal, as well as the citizens who are in need for social protection; different classifications of legal forms in employment security are investigated. The main theoretical and practical conclusions and recommendations can be used in a rule-making process and enforcement. The materials can be used in further research in this area, in teaching of labor law.

The study deals with a comprehensive analysis of constitutional fundamentals of state administration of the social sphere in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The content of the constitutional law social sphere institution is unfolded by means of the inter-sectoral analysis of legal regulations of which it consists and the inter-disciplinary study of the elements of its structure. The essence and the content of state administration of the social sphere in the contemporary environment of the Republic of Kazakhstan is presented in correlation with related areas of administration. The authors studied the organization of public authorities in the social sphere and examined the specifics of activities of appropriate public authorities. A special attention was paid to the issues of efficient realization of the administrative and legal and social reforms in this area of social relations. The practical value is that the submissions can be useful for the improvement of the provisions of the effective legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and of practices of applying the law in the context of the process of the progressive formation of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a social welfare state.

The main role of labor law is that it harmonizes the interests of society, the state, as well as workers and employers in the field of employment. One of the mechanisms for ensuring such a reconciliation of interests is an effective judicial system, which must be “tuned” to the special subject composition of labor relations; should differentiate the principles of civil and labor contracts; to provide a special approach to the settlement of labor disputes, taking into account the vital necessity for citizens to par-ticipate in hired labor, to receive remuneration; take into account the risk for citizens of loss of life and health in labor relations if the employer does not comply with labor protection measures; take into ac-count the impossibility of restoring the original position of the parties (bring the parties to their original position) when terminating the employment contract. The study is aimed at developing the theoretical and methodological foundations of the judicial form for resolving labor disputes. The scientific and prac-tical significance of the work lies in the substantiation of proposals for further improving the procedures for resolving labor disputes. Methodologically, the study was carried out using traditional methods in-herent in legal science: formal legal (dogmatic), sociological and legal, the method of legal modeling, as well as the critical legal method of legal knowledge. The main results are aimed at improving the current practice of implementing the judicial form of protecting social and labor human rights.

This research article provides a comprehensive scenario analysis of key structural changes in Kazakhstan’s fuel and energy complex subsectors until 2060, focusing on decarbonization efforts. The background places the issue of decarbonization in a broader context, considering the country’s vast size and sparse population. The study’s purpose involves analyzing the development of the climate agenda by comparing two scenarios: a “reference” scenario without decarbonization measures and a carbon neutrality scenario until 2060 (CN2060). A mathematical technical-economic model based on the TIMES paradigm (The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) serves as the method to optimize and simulate Kazakhstan’s energy system. The main findings reveal sets of policies, standards, and legislative, economic, and political decisions that are required to achieve CN2060. Additionally, the integration of a low-carbon policy, sectoral and cross-cutting approaches, the impact of the coronavirus crisis, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and energy security issues receive a discussion. The article concludes with projected shares of generation and investment in renewable energy sources (RES) necessary for attaining CN2060. This work offers novel insights into challenges and opportunities for Kazakhstan’s transition to a low-carbon economy.

Objectives: Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobic bacillus associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine the abundance of F. nucleatum and other CRC-associated bacteria using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis to detect the possible correlations between tumor and normal tissues and the relationships between patients' clinical characteristics, diet, and CRC-associated bacteria. Methods: A total of 249 biopsy samples of tumor and paired normal tissues were collected from patients with CRC. Biopsy samples were screened for detection of F. nucleatum using qPCR targeting nusG gene. Bacteroides fragilis , Escherichia coli , and Streptococcus gallolyticus were also detected in the samples using species-specific genes. Results: The frequencies of detection of F. nucleatum in the tumor and normal tissues of patients with CRC were 43.37 and 24.1%, respectively (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis using cycle threshold (Ct) values from qPCR data and clinical characteristics showed that tumor size, tumor location, and processed meat consumption were significantly correlated with the abundance of F. nucleatum (P < 0.05). The significance of the prevalence of B. fragilis and E. coli in tumor tissues was marginally higher than that in normal tissues (P < 0.1), and the consumption of processed/red meat affected the prevalence of these bacteria (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results showed an association between the presence of F. nucleatum in tumor tissues and CRC, indicating that F. nucleatum may be a potential marker for CRC diagnosis. F. nucleatum is enriched in CRC tissues and is associated with CRC development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidants of plant extract play an important role in the phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (phyto-AgNPs), providing the reduction of silver ions and capping and stabilization of nanoparticles. Despite the current progress in the studies of phytosynthesis, there is no approach to the selection of plant extract for obtaining phyto-AgNPs with desired properties. This work shows that antioxidant activity (AOA) of plant extracts is a key parameter for targeted phytosynthesis. In support of this fact, the synthesis of phyto-AgNPs was carried out using extracts of four plants with different AOA, increasing in the order Ribes uva-crispa < Lonicera caerulea < Fragaria vesca < Hippophae rhamnoides. Phyto-AgNPs have been characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction technique, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. It was established that the change in the AOA of the plant extract is accompanied by a size-dependent change in the optical and electrochemical properties of phyto-AgNPs. In particular, an increase in the extract AOA leads to the formation of smaller phyto-AgNPs with higher electrochemical activity and low charge transfer resistance. A "blue shift" and an increase in the plasmon resonance band of silver sols are observed with an increase in the extract AOA. The obtained regularities prove the existence of the "AOA–size–properties" triad, which can be used for controlled phytosynthesis and prediction of phyto-AgNPs' properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the years following its independence, Kazakhstan's higher education landscape has experienced profound changes. This period has been marked by a concerted effort to broaden the scope and capacity of the education system. There has been a pronounced emphasis on elevating the sector's role in fostering a 'knowledge society', a concept pivotal to contemporary developmental strategies. Additionally, there has been a notable increase in the influence of both external and international entities in steering academic affairs. A key area of focus has been the enhancement of university teaching quality, coupled with the establishment of robust systems for acknowledging and rewarding excellence in this domain. The central task of the article is to analyze the updated model of employment and management of the teaching staff in the universities of Kazakhstan. The authors propose a comprehensive three-stage analysis: firstly, the peculiarities of the emergence, change, and termination of employment relations between teachers and universities are studied; secondly, approaches to managing teaching staff are examined; thirdly, an analysis of sociological data on employment trends among university teachers is conducted. The study covers legal, administrative, and practical aspects of teaching work, emphasizing the interconnection of these issues in a dynamic educational environment. The results indicate the need for far-sighted leadership in managing the teaching staff, implying the integration of traditional academic values with innovative approaches in organizational culture, incentive systems, and employment practices, and the demand for legislative changes. The insights garnered from this study offer a valuable foundation for formulating policy recommendations tailored to Kazakhstan's higher education framework and similar systems. Such recommendations are poised to significantly elevate the importance and effectiveness of the teaching aspect within the academic sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transanal excision (TAE) is considered a safe, alternative approach for patients with early stage of rectal cancer. Complications associated with TAE are rare, such as bleeding, perforation, incontinence, and rectal stricture. Subcutaneous emphysema is early complication of laparoscopic surgery, common during upper gastrointestinal and gynecological surgery. We report a case of retroperitoneal and subcutaneous emphysema emerging after TAE of rectal tumor. The patient presented with changed bowel habits. Colonoscopy with pathology reports, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging showed an adenocarcinoma in the rectum at a 5 cm from the anus and did not reveal signs of invasive growth, pathologic lymph nodes, or systemic metastases. After surgery patient complained about abdominal pain and severe subcutaneous emphysema. Computed tomography showed retroperitoneal emphysema with no signs of rectal wall defect. He received antibiotics and was kept hospitalized with a solid diet and the retroperitoneal air disappeared on the thoracic X-ray. Patients who remain clinically stable or steadily improving without signs if peritonitis can be managed conservatively. Only in case of ineffectiveness of conservative therapy, undergo surgery.