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In the current study, we demonstrate the use of a quality framework to review the process for improving the quality and safety of the patient in the health care department. The researchers paid attention to assessing the performance of the health care service, where the data is usually heterogeneous to patient's health conditions. In our study, the support vector machine (SVM) regression model is used to handle the challenge of adjusting the risk factors attached to the patients. Further, the design of exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts is proposed based on the residuals obtained through SVM regression model. Analyzing real cardiac surgery patient data, we employed the SVM method to gauge patient condition. The resulting SVM-EWMA chart, fashioned via SVM modeling, revealed superior shift detection capabilities and demonstrated enhanced efficacy compared to the risk-adjusted EWMA control chart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simultaneous monitoring of both the process mean and dispersion has gained considerable attention in statistical process control, especially when the process follows the normal distribution. This paper introduces a novel Bayesian adaptive maximum exponentially weighted moving average (Max-EWMA) control chart, designed to jointly monitor the mean and dispersion of a non-normal process. This is achieved through the utilization of the inverse response function, particularly suitable for processes conforming to a Weibull distribution. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed control chart, we employed the average run length (ARL) and the standard deviation of run length (SDRL). Subsequently, we compared the performance of our proposed control chart with that of an existing Max-EWMA control chart. Our findings suggest that the proposed control chart demonstrates a higher level of sensitivity in detecting out-of-control signals. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of our Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart under various Loss Functions (LFs) for a Weibull process, we present a practical case study focusing on the hard-bake process in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. This case study highlights the adaptability of the chart to different scenarios. Our results provide compelling evidence of the exceptional performance of the suggested control chart in rapidly detecting out-of-control signals during the hard-bake process, thereby significantly contributing to the improvement of process monitoring and quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simultaneous monitoring of both process mean and dispersion, particularly in normal processes, has garnered significant attention within the field. In this article, we present a new Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart that is intended to track a non-normal process mean and dispersion simultaneously. This is accomplished through the utilization of the inverse response function, especially in cases where the procedure follows a Weibull distribution. We used the average run length (ARL) and the standard deviation of run length (SDRL) to assess the efficacy of our suggested control chart. Next, we contrast our suggested control chart's performance with an already-existing Max-EWMA control chart. Our results show that compared to the control chart under consideration, the proposed control chart exhibits a higher degree of sensitivity. Finally, we present a useful case study centered around the hard-bake process in the semiconductor manufacturing sector to demonstrate the performance of our Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart under different Loss Functions (LFs) for a Weibull process. The case study highlights how flexible the chart is to various situations. Our results offer strong proof of the outstanding ability of the Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart to quickly identify out-of-control signals during the hard-bake procedure. This in turn significantly contributes to the enhancement of process monitoring and quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a novel adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (AEWMA) control chart for monitoring process dispersion, employing adaptation to determine the smoothing constant. It is designed to effectively track shifts within expected ranges in process dispersion by computing the smoothing constant through a suggested adaptive approach. To determine its efficacy, the chart's performance is evaluated by using smaller run-length profiles derived from Monte Carlo simulations. A key feature is the utilization of an unbiased estimator to calculate the smoothing constant via the proposed function, enhancing the chart's ability to detect various magnitudes of decreasing and increasing process dispersion shifts. A comparison with an existing adaptive EWMA dispersion chart underscores the significant efficiency of the proposed chart across various types of process dispersion shift magnitudes. Moreover, the study encompasses a real-life dataset application, demonstrating the practical implementation and ease of use in real-world scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality control often employs memory-type control charts, including the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and Shewhart control charts, to identify shifts in the location parameter of a process. This article pioneers a new Bayesian Adaptive EWMA (AEWMA) control chart, built on diverse loss functions (LFs) such as the square error loss function (SELF) and the Linex loss function (LLF). The proposed chart aims to enhance the process of identifying small to moderate as well as significant shifts in the mean, signifying a notable advancement in the field of quality control. These are implemented utilizing an informative prior for both posterior and posterior predictive distributions, employing various paired ranked set sampling (PRSS) schemes. The effectiveness of the suggested chart is appraised using average run length (ARL) and the standard deviation of run length (SDRL). Monte Carlo simulations are employed to contrast the recommended approach against other control charts. The outcomes demonstrate the dignitary performance of the recommended chart in identifying out-of-control signals, especially applying PRSS designs, in comparison to simple random sampling (SRS). Finally, a practical application was conducted in the semiconductor manufacturing context to appraise the efficacy of the offered chart using various paired ranked set sampling strategies. The results reveal that the suggested control chart performed well in capturing the out-of-control signals far better than the already in use control charts. Overall, this study interposes a new technique with diverse LFs and PRSS designs, improving the precision and effectiveness in detecting process mean shifts, thereby contributing to advancements in quality control and process monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces the Bayesian adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (AEWMA) control chart within the framework of measurement error, examining two separate loss functions: the squared error loss function and the linex loss function. We conduct an analysis of the posterior and posterior predictive distributions utilizing a conjugate prior. In the presence of measurement error (ME), we employ a linear covariate model to assess the control chart's effectiveness. Additionally, we explore the impacts of measurement error by investigating multiple measurements and a method involving linearly increasing variance. We conduct a Monte Carlo simulation study to assess the control chart's performance under ME, examining its run length profile. Subsequently, we offer a specific numerical instance related to the hard-bake process in semiconductor manufacturing, serving to verify the functionality and practical application of the suggested Bayesian AEWMA control chart when confronted with ME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control charts, including exponentially moving average (EWMA) , are valuable for efficiently detecting small to moderate shifts. This study introduces a Bayesian EWMA control chart that employs ranked set sampling (RSS) with known prior information and two distinct loss functions (LFs), the Square Error Loss function (SELF) and the Linex Loss function (LLF), for posterior and posterior predictive distributions. The chart's performance is assessed using average run length (ARL) and standard deviation of run length (SDRL) profiles, and it is compared to the Bayesian EWMA control chart based on simple random sampling (SRS). The results indicate that the proposed control chart detects small to moderate shifts more effectively. The application in semiconductor manufacturing provides concrete evidence that the Bayesian EWMA control chart, when implemented with RSS schemes, demonstrates a higher degree of sensitivity in detecting deviations from normal process behavior. Comparison to the Bayesian EWMA control chart using SRS, it exhibits a superior ability to identify and flag instances where the manufacturing process is going out of control. This heightened sensitivity is critical for promptly addressing and rectifying issues, which ultimately contributes to improved quality control in semiconductor production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the behavior of the Bayesian exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart in the presence of measurement error (ME). It explores the impact of different ranked set sampling designs and loss functions on the performance of the control chart when ME is present. The analysis incorporates a covariate model, multiple measurement methods, and a conjugate prior to account for ME. The performance evaluation of the proposed Bayesian EWMA control chart with ME includes metrics such as average run length and standard deviation of run lengths. The findings, obtained through Monte Carlo simulation and real data application, indicated that ME significantly affects the performance of the Bayesian EWMA control chart when RSS schemes are employed. Particularly noteworthy is the superior performance of the median RSS scheme compared to the other two schemes in the presence of ME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control charts, including exponentially moving average (EWMA) , are valuable for efficiently detecting small to moderate shifts. This study introduces a Bayesian EWMA control chart that employs ranked set sampling (RSS) with known prior information and two distinct loss functions (LFs), the Square Error Loss function (SELF) and the Linex Loss function (LLF), for posterior and posterior predictive distributions. The chart's performance is assessed using average run length (ARL) and standard deviation of run length (SDRL) profiles, and it is compared to the Bayesian EWMA control chart based on simple random sampling (SRS). The results indicate that the proposed control chart detects small to moderate shifts more effectively. The application in semiconductor manufacturing provides concrete evidence that the Bayesian EWMA control chart, when implemented with RSS schemes, demonstrates a higher degree of sensitivity in detecting deviations from normal process behavior. Comparison to the Bayesian EWMA control chart using SRS, it exhibits a superior ability to identify and flag instances where the manufacturing process is going out of control. This heightened sensitivity is critical for promptly addressing and rectifying issues, which ultimately contributes to improved quality control in semiconductor production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the behavior of the Bayesian exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart in the presence of measurement error (ME). It explores the impact of different ranked set sampling designs and loss functions on the performance of the control chart when ME is present. The analysis incorporates a covariate model, multiple measurement methods, and a conjugate prior to account for ME. The performance evaluation of the proposed Bayesian EWMA control chart with ME includes metrics such as average run length and standard deviation of run lengths. The findings, obtained through Monte Carlo simulation and real data application, indicated that ME significantly affects the performance of the Bayesian EWMA control chart when RSS schemes are employed. Particularly noteworthy is the superior performance of the median RSS scheme compared to the other two schemes in the presence of ME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The memory-type control charts, such as cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average control chart, are more desirable for detecting a small or moderate shift in the production process of a location parameter. In this article, a novel Bayesian adaptive EWMA (AEWMA) control chat utilizing ranked set sampling (RSS) designs is proposed under two different loss functions, i.e., square error loss function (SELF) and linex loss function (LLF), and with informative prior distribution to monitor the mean shift of the normally distributed process. The extensive Monte Carlo simulation method is used to check the performance of the suggested Bayesian-AEWMA control chart using RSS schemes. The effectiveness of the proposed AEWMA control chart is evaluated through the average run length (ARL) and standard deviation of run length (SDRL). The results indicate that the proposed Bayesian control chart applying RSS schemes is more sensitive in detecting mean shifts than the existing Bayesian AEWAM control chart based on simple random sampling (SRS). Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Bayesian-AEWMA control chart under different RSS schemes, we present a numerical example involving the hard-bake process in semiconductor fabrication. Our results show that the Bayesian-AEWMA control chart using RSS schemes outperforms the EWMA and AEWMA control charts utilizing the Bayesian approach under simple random sampling in detecting out-of-control signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), combined or loaded with chitosan (COS), in broiler chickens reared under standard management protocols. The parameters under investigation were production performance, organ development, components of the intestinal barrier, and ileal microbial count. Two hundred and forty day-old chicks were raised in five groups, with each group containing eight replicates (n=6/replicate). The control group received a basal diet whereas the other four groups received basal diets supplemented with SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg), COS (200 mg/kg), SeNPs+COS (0.5 mg/kg SeNPs + 200 mg/kg COS), and SeNPs-loaded COS (SeNPs-L-COS) (200 mg/kg) respectively. On day 35, two birds/replicate were sampled to collect the viscera under investigation. The results revealed that dietary inclusion of SeNPs-L-COS increased (p<0.05) the body weight gain and improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio. Similarly, SeNPs-L-COS supplementation increased (p<0.05) the small intestinal villus surface area as well as the count of acidic goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes when compared with the control group. Whereas the total goblet cell count was higher (p<0.05) in the small intestines of both the SeNPs+COS and SeNPs-L-COS groups. Microbial analysis of ileal contents also revealed an increase (p<0.05) in Lactobacilli species count with a concurrent decrease (p<0.05) in Escherichia coli count in the SeNPs-L-COS group when compared with the COS and control groups. Based on the results of the current trial, we can conclude that supplementation with SeNPs-L-COS is a superior combination for promoting the gut health and performance of broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Context: Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is an uncommon yet serious infection, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Patients diagnosed with SEA often require surgical interventions or critical care services that are not available at community hospitals and are therefore transferred to tertiary care centers. Little is known about the effects of interhospital transfer on acute outcomes for patients with SEA.Purpose: To study the effects of interhospital transfer on acute outcomes for patients with SEA.Study Design: Cross sectional analysis using the 2009 to 2017 National Inpatient Sample (NIS).Patient Sample: Using the 2009 to 2017 NIS, we identified cases of SEA using ICD, Ninth, or Tenth Revision diagnosis codes 324.1 & G06.1.Outcome Measures: Our primary endpoint was in hospital mortality.Methods: The association between interhospital transfer and inpatient mortality was assessed using multivariable logistic regression to adjust for potential covariates. Patient and hospital factors associated with interhospital transfer were assessed in a secondary analysis.Results: A total of 21.5% of patient with SEA were treated after transfer from another hospital. After adjusting for covariates, those who presented after transfer had higher odds of death during hospitalization (OR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.27-1.78, p<.001). Transferred patients were significantly more likely to live in rural communities (11.4 % vs. 5.3 % for nontransferred patients).Conclusions: Interhospital transfer, which occurred more frequently in patients from rural hospitals, was associated with death even after controlling for disease severity. Addressing healthcare delivery disparities across the US, including across the rural-urban spectrum, will require better understanding of the observed increased mortality of interhospital transfer as a preventable source of in-hospital mortality for SEA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of dietary selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) alone, in combination with chitosan or loaded to chitosan on pectoral muscle quality and tibia bone morphology in broilers. Twohundred- and-forty day-old chicks were raised in five groups, each group having eight replicates (n=6/replicate). The control group received a basal diet whereas the other four groups received basal diet supplemented with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs-0.5mg/kg), chitosan (COS-200mg/kg), SeNPs+COS (0.5mg/kg+200mg/kg) or SeNPs loaded to COS (SeNPs-L-COS-200mg/kg), respectively. On day 35, two birds/replicate were euthanized to collect blood, tibia bone, and pectoral muscle. Muscle pH, selenium and calcium concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in broiler fed SeNPs+COS and SeNPs-L-COS while drip loss percentage was significantly lower (P<0.05) in broilers fed SeNPs-L-COS when compared with birds in the control group. Dietary SeNPs-L-COS resulted in significantly higher (P<0.05) water holding capacity, muscle, fiber diameter and cross-sectional area when compared with the control group. Bone weight and weight/length index were higher (P<0.05) in broilers fed SeNPs+COS and SeNPs-L-COS compared to birds in the control group. Diaphysis-diameter was higher (P<0.05) in broilers fed SeNPs and SeNPs-L-COS groups in comparison with birds in the control group. Phosphorus concentration was higher (P<0.05) in tibia bone in broilers fed SeNPs+COS and SeNPs-L-COS when compared to birds in the control group. Thus, we conclude that supplementation of SeNPs-L-COS improves breast muscle histology, tibia bone health, mineral retention in tissue, and resulting meat quality in broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medium and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were obtained in three-hour interesterification of fish oil with medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCTs), using lipase bio-imprinted with surfactant as a catalyst. Initially, for bio-imprinted lipase preparation, the interesterification reaction conditions were optimized, resulting in a lipase with 1.47 times higher catalytic activity compared to control (non-bio-imprinted). Afterwards, the reaction conditions for MLCT synthesis were optimized, using bio-imprinted lipase as a catalyst. The reaction reached equilibrium within first three hours at 70 °C temperature, 4 wt% lipase load, and molar ratio of substrate 1:1.5. Under these conditions, final product contained 18.52% MCT, 56.65% MLCT, and 24.83% long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT). To reduce the MCT content, a solvent extraction process was performed, yielding 2.42% MCT, 56.19% MLCT, and 41.39% LCT. The obtained structured lipids (SLs), enriched in n-3 PUFAs, offer significant health benefits, enhanced bioavailability, with potential applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals. [Display omitted] • Lipase was bio-imprinted with surfactants for catalytic activity enhancement. • The bio-imprinted lipase showed 1.47× higher catalytic activity than the control (non-bio-imprinted). • MLCT-rich SLs were prepared via interesterification of fish oil with MCTs. • Solvent extraction reduced MCTs content in the final product from 18.52% to 2.42%. • The obtained n-3 PUFAs, C8 and C10 rich SLs have significant health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of tribology, the growing landscape of engineering applications has brought about significant developments but, despite such advancements in industrial applications, there remains a gap in understanding the numerical investigation of the flow, surface frictional forces as well as thermal characteristics in a rotating disk with nanoparticles, incorporating chemical reactions and velocity slip conditions. So, in the context of rising concerns, this article is of paramount importance for the rheology and friction caused by a rotating disk with the above physical phenomena. Numerical solutions are presented with the help of standard shooting scheme in conjunction with the 5th order Runge-Kutta method. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) for the fluid flow are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using new variables to facilitate the utilization of the Runge-Kutta 5th order method. The primary focus is to obtain the significance of fluid parameters, partial slip, chemical reactions, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis parameters. The implications of physical parameters are elucidated through graphical representation and discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial disparities are a major issue in health care but the overall extent of the issue in spinal surgery outcomes is unclear. We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis of disparities in outcomes among patients belonging to different racial groups who had undergone surgery for degenerative spine disease. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Review Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to January 20, 2021 for relevant articles assessing outcomes after spine surgery stratified by race. We included studies that compared outcomes after spine surgery for degenerative disease among different racial groups. We found 30 studies that met our inclusion criteria (28 articles and 2 published abstracts). We included data from 20 cohort studies in our meta-analysis (3,501,830 patients), which were assessed to have a high risk of observation/selection bias. Black patients had a 55% higher risk of dying after spine surgery compared with white patients (relative risk [RR], 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–1.87; I 2 = 70%). Similarly, black patients had a longer length of stay (mean difference, 0.93 days; 95% CI, 0.75–1.10; I 2 = 73%), and higher risk of nonhome discharge (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.47–1.81; I 2 = 89%), and 30-day readmission (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03–2.04; I 2 = 96%). No significant difference was noted in the pooled analyses for complication or reoperation rates. Black patients have a significantly higher risk of unfavorable outcomes after spine surgery compared with white patients. Further work in understanding the reasons for these disparities will help develop strategies to narrow the gap among the racial groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To perform a scoping literature review of cognitive, psychiatric, and quality of life outcomes in adults undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for any indication.Data Sources: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception to June 2019.Study Selection: Observational studies, clinical trials, qualitative studies, and case series with at least 10 adult subjects were included for analysis. Outcomes of interest consisted of general or domain-specific cognition, psychiatric illness, and quality of life measures that included both mental and physical health.Data Extraction: Study selection, data quality assessment, and interpretation of results were performed by two independent investigators in accordance with the PRISMA statement.Data Synthesis: Twenty-two articles were included in this review. Six described cognitive outcomes, 12 described psychiatric outcomes of which two were qualitative studies, and 16 described quality of life outcomes. Cognitive impairment was detected in varying degrees in every study that measured it. Three studies examined neuroimaging results and found neurologic injury to be more frequent in venoarterial versus venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but described a variable correlation with cognitive impairment. Rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder were similar to other critically ill populations and were related to physical disability after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors' physical quality of life was worse than population norms but tended to improve with time, while mental quality of life did not differ significantly from the general population. Most studies did not include matched controls and instead compared outcomes to previously published values.Conclusions: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors experience cognitive impairment, psychiatric morbidity, and worse quality of life compared with the general population and similar to other survivors of critical illness. Physical disability in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients plays a significant role in psychiatric morbidity. However, it remains unclear if structural brain injury plays a role in these outcomes and whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation causes secondary brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural, electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties of the perovskites BiFeO3 (BFO) and BaTiO3 (BTO) are investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Structural and mechanical parameters are calculated using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the results consistent with the available literature. The stable magnetic phases are achieved by optimizing total energies versus volumes of the cells in different magnetic configurations such as nonmagnetic (NM), ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM). BTO is found to be NM while BFO favors G-type AFM (G-AFM) phase. The electronic properties are investigated using GGA, GGA with Hubbard potential (GGA + U) and modified Becke–Johnson (GGA-mBJ) exchange–correlation functionals. BFO is found to be a direct bandgap semiconductor having gap energy value 3.0 eV whereas BTO is an indirect semiconductor with bandgap energy 2.9 eV. Spin–orbit coupling effect is dominant in BFO due to the larger size of A-site cation. The electrical polarization shows that both the compounds are ferroelectric materials with significant spontaneous polarization of 144.1  μ C/cm2 and 27.9  μ C/cm2 for BFO and BTO respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces an adaptive approach within the Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart framework. Various Bayesian loss functions were used to jointly monitor process deviations from the mean and variance of normally distributed processes. Our study proposes the mechanism of using a function-based adaptive method that picks self-adjusting weights incorporated in Bayesian Max-EWMA for the estimation of mean and variance. This adaptive mechanism significantly enhances the effectiveness and sensitivity of the Max-EWMA chart in detecting process shifts in both the mean and dispersion. The Monte Carlo simulation technique was used to calculate the run-length profiles of different combinations. A comparative performance analysis with an existing chart demonstrates its effectiveness. A practical example from the hard-bake process in semiconductor manufacturing is presented for practical context and illustration of the chart settings and performance. The empirical results showcase the superior performance of the Adaptive Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart in identifying out-of-control signals. The chart's ability to jointly monitor the mean and variance of a process, its adaptive nature, and its Bayesian framework make it a useful and effective control chart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to introduce a novel family of probability distributions by the well-known method of the T–X family of distributions. The proposed family is called a "Novel Generalized Exponent Power X Family" of distributions. A three-parameters special sub-model of the proposed method is derived and named a "Novel Generalized Exponent Power Weibull" distribution (NGEP-Wei for short). For the proposed family, some statistical properties are derived including the hazard rate function, moments, moment generating function, order statistics, residual life, and reverse residual life. The well-known method of estimation, the maximum likelihood estimation method is used for estimating the model parameters. Besides, a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to assess the efficacy of this estimation method. Finally, the model selection criterion such as Akaike information criterion (AINC), the correct information criterion (CINC), the Bayesian information criterion (BINC), the Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQINC), the Cramer–von-Misses (CRMI), and the ANDA (Anderson–Darling) are used for comparison purpose. The comparison of the NGEP-Wei with other rival distributions is made by Two COVID-19 data sets. In terms of performance, we show that the proposed method outperforms the other competing methods included in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the coming years the number of patients with cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer disease and traumatic brain injury, is expected to dramatically increase, leading to an ever-increasing societal cost. Unfortunately, few medical and pharmacologic treatments have shown tangible benefit in the treatment of these diseases. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established surgical technique to address multiple conditions, including Parkinson disease and essential tremor. Data from patients being treated with DBS, as well as those being monitored for seizures with depth electrodes, have suggested improvement in memory with electrical neuromodulation. MEDLINE was searched from inception through March 2018 using the keywords "DBS," "Deep Brain Stimulation," "Memory," "Memory Modulation," and "Cognition." Studies evaluating the effect of DBS on memory and learning were shortlisted and reviewed. Efforts to stimulate various nodes within the memory circuitry suggest that the variable effects may result from different mechanisms, including alteration of neural firing patterns, increased activity across several regions, and amplification of neural plasticity. Some of these targets, such as the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus basalis of Meynert, have shown promising results with regards to modulation of memory. Given the aging population and increasing numbers of patients with memory impairment from neurodegenerative diseases, interest in neuromodulation for memory enhancement will likely expand. Further work should employ more sophisticated responsive stimulation parameters and precise spatial targeting that may lead to an effective stimulation strategy for memory enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis validity has been tested for the five South Asian Countries (SACs). The EKC hypothesis assumes an inverted-U-shaped association between environmental pollutants and per capita income (PCI). The study uses CO2 emissions, in addition to other measures, as proxy for environmental degradation and PCI, energy consumption, population density and afforestation as control variables. A positive significant coefficient for PCI and a negative PCI square validate the EKC hypothesis in the SACs. The estimated turning point for the South Asian Economies was found to be US$ 921.1 per capita. The study concludes that environmental policies should focus on sustainable planning and management of resources. Investment in human capital, encouraging foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade friendly policies can play an important role in keeping environment cleaner while promoting economic growth in these economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the effects of homogenous-heterogeneous reactions on electrically conducting boundary layer fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics over a stretching sheet with Newtonian heating are examined. Using similarity transformations, the governing equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The constricted ordinary differential equations are solved computationally by shooting technique. The impact of pertinent physical parameters on the velocity, concentration and temperature profiles is discussed and explored via figures and tables. It is clear from figures that the velocity profile reduces for large values of fluid parameter B and Hartmann number H. Skin friction coefficient decreases for large values of Hartmann number H and fluid parameter B. Also, heat transfer rate monotonically enhances with conjugate parameter of Newtonian heating γ and Prandtl number Pr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry industry is confronted to different hurdles which are blamed for the decline in the nutrients supplements for humans. One of the hurdles is the oxidative stress, which is responsible for the reduction of gut morphology and growth performance in the poultry birds. The present study was performed to explore the impact of inorganic selenium (sodium selenite). Day old chicks were kept in a control environment. At day 7, five groups were made with four replicas in each group based on the diet being offered. Group A, the positive control group fed with normal basal diet group B was termed as negative control group offered basal diet + dexamethasone and group C, D and E was offered 0.2mg/kg, 0.3mg/kg, and 0.4mg/kg of basal diet, respectively. The trial lasted for 35-days and on the last day two chickens from each replicate were slaughtered (a cumulatively eight chickens from each group). Samples from different regions (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) of the small intestine were collected and kept in the fixatives. Slices from each part were stained with H and E stain to make it fit for microscopy. Picture were taken with different magnifications, i.e., 4X, 10X and 40X and histo-morphometry was done through Pixel-Pro (Labomed America Inc). The statistical analysis was through IBM SPSS (Statistics.V22.X86). The present study concluded that selenium improves the intestinal morphology i.e. villus height, villus width, villus surface area showed better growth(P=0.05) in the selenium supplemented groups. The FCR initially did not differ (P=0.05) among the groups but toward the end it was comparatively better (P=0.05) in selenium supplemented groups. The relative body weight of different organs i-e liver, gizzard, heart, pancreas, and proventriculus etc. showed significant (P=0.05) results in each of selenium-supplemented groups. Overall, 0.3 mg/kg (Basal diet) of selenium showed better results with respect to the positive control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the structure variations and relaxations, electric field gradient (EFG) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shielding of Cs2Pb(X1–uYu)4 (X/Y = Cl, Br, I and u = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) are studied using density functional based calculations. The structure symmetry (space group) of the studied compounds are varying with the increment of halides at different sites. The space group of Cs2PbX4 is I4/mmm, while Cs2PbX2Y2 exist in the space group I4/mmm and P4/mmm, depending upon the halogen atomic coordinates. Similarly, Cs2PbX3Y and Cs2PbXY3 exist in three different crystal symmetries having space groups I4/mmm, P4/mmm and Pmm2. The ground state energies of Cs2Pb(X1–uYu)4 are lower in I4/mmm space group compared to P4/mmm and Pmm2, which show that these compounds are more stable in I4/mmm space group. NMR shielding increases with the increase in band gap energy, because the interaction of valence electrons and external magnetic field decreases. Density of states plot reveals that the Pb-5d orbital exists in the core region (σ-sphere about − 17.5 eV) and play a key role in NMR shielding, while the peaks of Cs-5p and X/Y-s orbitals exist at − 8 eV and − 12 eV respectively having contribution in NMR shielding. The negative contribution of the I-p state reduces the magnetic shielding effect (anti-bonding character increases), hence the applied external field strengthens. The electronic charge densities of Cs and Pb are elongated along z direction and make oblate distribution due to their negative electric field gradient ( V zz tot ), while the V zz tot values of halogens are positive, predict that the density of electronic charge compressed along the z direction and make prolate distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we introduce a novel Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart under various loss functions to concurrently monitor the mean and variance of a normally distributed process. The Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart exhibit strong overall performance in detecting shifts in both mean and dispersion across various magnitudes. To evaluate the performance of the proposed control chart, we employ Monte Carlo simulation methods to compute their run length characteristics. We conduct an extensive comparative analysis, contrasting the run length performance of our proposed charts with that of existing ones. Our findings highlight the heightened sensitivity of Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart to shifts of diverse magnitudes. Finally, to illustrate the efficacy of our Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart using various loss functions, we present a practical case study involving the hard-bake process in semiconductor manufacturing. Our results underscore the superior performance of the Bayesian Max-EWMA control chart in detecting out-of-control signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, there has been a growing focus among researchers on memory-based control charts. The Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) and Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) charts and the adaptive control charting approaches got the attention. Control charts are commonly employed to oversee processes, assuming the monitored variable follows a normal distribution. However, it's worth noting that this assumption does not hold true in many real-world situations. The use of the algebraic expression for normalization, which can be used for all kinds of skewed distributions with a closed-form distribution function, using the proposed continuous function to adapt a smoothing constant, motivates this study. In the present manuscript, we design an EWMA statistic-based adaptive control chart to monitor the irregular variations in the mean of two parametric Weibull distribution and use Hasting approximation for normalization. The adaptive control charts are used to update the smoothing constant according to the estimated shift. Here we use the proposed continuous function to adapt the smoothing constant. The average run length and standard deviation of run length are calculated under different parameter settings. The effectiveness of the proposed chart is argued in terms of ARLs over the considered EWMA chart through Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation method. The proposed chart is examined, followed by a real data set to demonstrate the design and application procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activation by clofibrate on both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in the developing kidney. Ten newborn pigs from 5 litters were randomly assigned to two groups and fed either 5 mL of a control vehicle (2% Tween 80) or a vehicle containing clofibrate (75 mg/kg body weight, treatment). The pigs received oral gavage daily for three days. In vitro fatty acid oxidation was then measured in kidneys with and without mitochondria inhibitors (antimycin A and rotenone) using [1-14C]-labeled oleic acid (C18:1) and erucic acid (C22:1) as substrates. Clofibrate significantly stimulated C18:1 and C22:1 oxidation in mitochondria (p < 0.001) but not in peroxisomes. In addition, the oxidation rate of C18:1 was greater in mitochondria than peroxisomes, while the oxidation of C22:1 was higher in peroxisomes than mitochondria (p < 0.001). Consistent with the increase in fatty acid oxidation, the mRNA abundance and enzyme activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) in mitochondria were increased. Although mRNA of mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase (mHMGCS) was increased, the β-hydroxybutyrate concentration measured in kidneys did not increase in pigs treated with clofibrate. These findings indicate that PPARα activation stimulates renal fatty acid oxidation but not ketogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we communicate a new type of Auger-free luminescence (AFL) compounds, alkali tin fluorides ASnF3 (A = Na, K, Rb and Cs). The luminescence in these compounds originates due to the electron transition from the top valence band (VB) of tin- orbital to the outermost core levels of halogen, i.e., halogen- orbital (- transitions). The AFL of these compounds is expected to be of L-type. Furthermore, the electronic band structures and optical properties such as dielectric functions, refractive index and energy loss function are also investigated using ab initio calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extended exponential weighted moving average (EEWMA) statistic is a memory type statistic that uses past observations along with the current information for the estimation of a population parameter to improve the efficiency of the estimators. This study utilized the EEWMA statistic to estimate the population mean with a suitable auxiliary variable. The ratio and product estimators are proposed for the surveys that are time-based by using current information along with that information. The approximate mean square errors are computed for the proposed memory type estimators and mathematical comparison is discussed to demonstrate the efficiency of the estimator. The simulation study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed memory type estimators. It can be seen from the results that the efficiency of the estimator enhances by utilizing the current sample as well as past information. A real-life example is presented to illustrate the usage of proposed estimators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DFT is used to study various transition metal based ceramics LiAA′O 6 (A = Nb, Ta, and A′ = W, Mo) in tetragonal phase with space group 421 m (No. 113). The calculated structural and geometrical parameters are found in closed agreement with the experiments. Electronic clouds explain the chemical bonding and reveal that Li atom occupy central position and form ionic bond. Other bonds in these compounds are significantly covalent due to the sharing of electrons between O and A/A′. The electronic properties demonstrate that these compounds are wide bandgap semiconductors in the energy range of 2.18–2.60 eV. These bandgap energies confirm the suitability of these oxides in optoelectronic devices operating in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study we explore the structural, electronic and thermoelectric properties of IV-VI semiconductors using first principle calculations based on the density functional theory. Generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBEsol) is used as an exchange-correlation functional for the structural properties of the different crystal phases of these semiconductors. The compounds SnS, SnSe, GeS and GeSe favor orthorhombic structure, lead chalcogenides (PbS, PbSe and PbTe) are stable in the cubic rocksalt structure, while SnS 2 and SnSe 2 exist in hexagonal structure. For band structures additional to GGA, modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ) exchange potential is used. These compounds are narrow band gap semiconductors in the energy range 0.2–2.8 eV. These binary IV-VI chalcogenides have direct band gap nature in cubic crystals while indirect in the orthorhombic phases. The post-DFT (BoltzTraP) calculations are performed to estimate Seebeck coefficient, electric and thermal conductivities, power factor and figure of merit of these compounds to check their applicability in thermoelectric devices. Spin orbit coupling effect influences the electronic and thermoelectric properties of these compounds due to the large size of the constituent elements. Further, the total thermal conductivity is computed using ad-hoc calculation with the experimental results. The calculated values of figure of merit for PbS, PbSe, PbTe and SnTe are in the range 0.68–0.77 at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various changes in the sociopolitical milieu of Italy led to the increasing tolerance of the study of cadavers in the late Middle Ages. The efforts of Mondino de Liuzzi (1276–1326) and Guido da Vigevano (1280–1349) led to an explosion of cadaver-centric studies in centers such as Bologna, Florence, and Padua during the Renaissance period. Legendary scientists from this era, including Leonardo Da Vinci, Andreas Vesalius, Bartolomeo Eustachio, and Costanzo Varolio, furthered the study of neuroanatomy. The various texts produced during this period not only helped increase the understanding of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology but also led to the formalization of medical education. With increased understanding came new techniques to address various neurosurgical problems from skull fractures to severed peripheral nerves. The present study aims to review the major developments in Italy during the vibrant Renaissance period that led to major progress in the field of neurosurgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We communicate theoretical results of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of ZnOxTe1-x (0≤x≤1) in the zincblende structure. The calculations are performed using full potential linearized augmented plane waves (FP-LAPW) method, based on density functional theory (DFT). The structural properties are calculated with simple GGA (PBEsol), while the electronic and optical properties are calculated using mBJ-GGA. The mBJ-GGA is used to properly treat the active d-orbital in their valence shell. The ZnOTe alloy is highly lattice mismatched and consequently the lattice constants and bulk moduli largely deviate from the linear behavior. The calculated bandgaps are in agreement with the experimentally measured values, where the nature of bandgaps is direct for the whole range of x except at x=0.25. We also calculate the bandgap bowing parameter from our accurate bandgaps and resolve the existing controversy in this parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present analysis incompressible two dimensional mixed convection flow of MHD Eyring-Powell nanofluid over a stretching sheet is investigated numerically. The governing highly nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by using a similarity approach. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations are found by using a shooting method. Effects of various parameters are displayed graphically for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. Also quantities of practical interest i.e skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are presented graphically and tabularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wide band gap semiconductor alloys, Mg x Z 1− x Te (Z=Zn, Cd and Hg), are investigated over a full range of Mg compositions (0≤ x ≤1) using density functional theory (DFT). The variation in the lattice constant of Mg x Z 1− x Te is linear with the composition x, and all these alloys obey Vegrd's law. The CdTe (6.50 Å) and MgTe (6.44 Å) are lattice matched compounds, therefore the lattice constant of MgCdTe decreases slightly with the concentration x , whereas the lattice constant also decreases for MgHgTe but increases for MgZnTe. It is due to the fact that Mg has larger size than Zn and smaller size than Cd and Hg. The band gap of these compounds are calculated using the modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) exchange potential as LDA and GGA are not effective in producing the experimental band gap of a strongly correlated electron system. The calculated band gaps of these compounds cover the range 0–3.5 eV and are consistent with the experimental band gaps. The band gaps exhibit nonlinear behavior or bowing effect with the change in concentration. The frequency dependent optical properties like dielectric functions, and indices of refraction of these ternary systems are also calculated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present density functional studies, structural, mechanical and magneto-electronic properties of CaTaO 3, SrTaO 3 and BaTaO 3 perovskites have been investigated. The calculated structural parameters by DFT and analytical methods are found consistent with the experiments. The analytically calculated tolerance factors of these compounds as well as their mechanical properties show that they are stable in the cubic phase. Furthermore elastic properties show that these materials are ductile in nature and confirm that BaTaO 3 is harder than the rest compounds. The calculated spin dependent magneto-electronic properties reveal the paramagnetic metallic nature of these compounds. The electrical conductivity curve demonstrates significant conductivity above room temperature. On the basis of the presented properties it is expected that these compounds could be efficient electrode materials and need experimental investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Density functional calculations are performed to investigate the structural, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of Cd1−x Co x S (0≤x≤0.75) in cubic zinc-blende structure. Accurate exchange potential modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ) within the FP-FLAPW method has been used in the calculations. Lattice constant of the alloy decreases while band gap first decreased and then increased with increased in Co concentration. The decrease in the band gap of CdS substituted Co 25% is because of the exchange interaction between Co-3d and S-3p state. The ferromagnetic nature of material is due the spin polarization of Co-3d state and the magnetization of the compound is increased with increased in Co concentration. The band gap energy varies mostly in visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum; therefore the material is precious for solar cell application. The optical properties like dielectric constant, index of refraction and reflectivity are also calculated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] First principle calculations using mBJ are carried out for Cd1-xZnxTe (0⩽ x ⩽1). [•] The calculated band gaps are in agreement with experiments. [•] The band gap nature is direct and increases with Zn concentration. [•] The material is optically active, therefore the optical properties are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] CdS x Se1−x (0⩽ x ⩽1) is theoretically investigated with mBJ. [•] Phase transformation from zinc-blende to wurtzite is observed at 60%-S. [•] The variable band gap nature is direct in the visible region for both structures. [•] The material is optically anisotropic in hexagonal phase. [•] Birefringence is positive at low frequencies and negative at higher frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The all electrons full potential linearized augmented plane waves (FP-LAPW) method with GGA+U is used to study SrTbO3 perovskite in cubic and orthorhombic phases. The structural parameters and ground state magnetic properties are found consistent with the experimental results. The electronic band structures and density of states demonstrate that SrTbO3 is a wide band gap semiconductor in both phases. The magnetic studies of the material show that the nature of the compound is G-type anti-ferromagnetic. The calculated magnetic moment of Tb+4 is found consistent with the experiments. Furthermore, the optical properties demonstrate that the optical gap of the material is 1.8eV, which lies in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum and hence the compound can be used in optoelectronic devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the present article, we have revisited the electronic band gap nature of ZnO xS1− x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with the recently developed modified Becke and Johnson exchange potential and the calculated band gaps are found consistent with the experimental results. We expect that the band gap bowing parameter obtained in the present work will be close to the experimental one. As the optical properties of ZnO xS1− x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are very important, therefore different optical parameters like dielectric functions, refractive index and reflectivity are also calculated. The results are illustrated in terms of band structures, band gap energy as a function of oxygen composition, total and partial density of states. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The electronic and optical properties of BeS x Se1−x , BeS x Te1−x and BeSe x Te1−x , (0≤x≤1) are studied using the highly accurate modified Beck and Johnson (mBJ) potential. The binary Be-chalcogenides are wide and indirect band gap semiconductors and hence they are not efficient materials for optoelectronics. In order to modify them into optically active materials, the anion chalcogen atoms are partially replaced by other chalcogen atoms like BeS x Se1−x , BeS x Te1−x and BeSe x Te1−x (0≤x≤1). The modified ternary compounds are of direct band gap nature and hence they are optically active. Some of these direct band gap materials are lattice matched with silicon and can possibly replace Si in semiconductor devices. Keeping in view the importance of these materials in optoelectronics, the optical properties of BeS x Se1−x , BeS x Te1−x and BeSe x Te1−x in the full composition range are investigated. It is found that these materials are transparent in the IR, visible and near UV spectral regions. The alloys for the most of the concentrations have band gaps larger than 3eV, so it is expected that they may be efficient materials for blue, green and UV light emitting diodes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Density functional calculations of the structural, electronic and optical properties of MgS x Se1− x , MgS x Te1− x and MgSe x Te1− x , in the composition range from x =0 to x =1, are carried out using the highly accurate mBJ potential with the full potential linearized augmented plane waves (FP-LAPW) method. The calculated lattice constants follow Vigard’s law while other properties like bulk moduli, band gaps and optical properties vary nonlinearly with the concentration (x). The binary magnesium chalcogenides, MgS, MgSe and MgTe, are wide and indirect band gap materials, whereas it is found that their ternaries are of direct band gap nature. Indirect band gaps materials are inactive material and could not be used as luminescent materials. The wide and direct band gaps of these alloys predict that they can be efficiently used in optoelectronic devices. Therefore, the optical properties of direct band gap ternary alloys are also calculated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Electronic band structures, density of states, optical parameters, and structure properties of 2D layered halide perovskites Cs2MBr4 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) are investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The structure optimization/relaxation was executed by generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and to handle band gap dependent properties (optical and electronic) modified Becke Johnson (GGA-mBJ) exchange potential was operated. In the structure composition of Cs2MBr4, the metal cations (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) build an isolated tetrahedra with bromine atoms i.e. [MBr4]2−. Eleven Cs atoms confine the tetrahedra and each Cs is surrounded by six tetrahedra, making an octahedral geometry [MBr4]62−. The calculated tolerance factors are greater than unity, confirming their orthorhombic crystal symmetry because perovskites having τ > 1 and large A-site cation destroy the 3D crystal structure. The bonds between octahedral layers are open and A-site (large-sized) cations connect two adjacent octahedra through intermolecular forces to form 2D- perovskite. The understudied 2D layered halide perovskites possess direct band gap nature and their band gap lies between 2.5–3.80 eV. The valence band edge is mainly attributed to M-d, M-s, and Br-4p orbitals, whereas the conduction band is dominated by M-s and Br-4p orbitals. The optical properties tell that these 2D perovskites are excellent dielectric and are prospective materials for optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work potassium inserted cadmium chalcogenides are investigated using density functional theory. This insertion is very important in the sense that it reduces dimensions of the compounds. The dimension reduction results in two dimension layers [Cd 3 Q 4 ]2- separated by K+ ions and blue shift in the band gaps of the binary compounds. The ternary compounds K 2 Cd 3 Q 4 (Q = S, Se and Te) exist in orthorhombic crystal structure with space group Pnma (no. 62). These investigated compounds are wide and direct band gap semiconductors. The conduction band minimum is highly dispersive and mainly composed of cadmium s-orbital whereas the maximum of valence band is less dispersive and dominating by chalcogen's p-orbital. The band gap decreases in the series Q = S, Se, and Te, which is due to the increasing extension of the chalcogen p-orbital. The band energies belong to the visible energy range, therefore optical and thermoelectric properties are also calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 34-year-old right-handed female presented to the emergency department with a worsening headache, neck stiffness, intermittent abnormal sensation, and right arm weakness. Shortly after arrival, she had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. A noncontrast head computed tomography scan revealed a right-sided, low-attenuating, lobulated mass ipsilateral to her arm symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an abnormal signal throughout the subarachnoid space and increased fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence signal contralateral to the mass. This presentation suggested a false localization sign of sensory and motor disturbance ipsilateral to the mass likely caused by cyst rupture and sebum spread contralateral, causing cortical irritation (evidenced by increased fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence signal). During mass resection, sebum was visible throughout the subarachnoid space. The patient had an uneventful recovery from surgery and has been seizure free since the resection with steady improvement of symptoms. This case highlights the importance of avoiding cyst rupture of dermoid cysts. Highlights • A 34-year-old right-handed female presented with intermittent neuropathic pain in RUE and generalized tonic-clonic seizure. • MRI revealed clear rupture of a cystic mass within the right cerebral hemisphere, ipsilateral to symptoms. • FLAIR hyperintensity within contralateral hemisphere was likely from subarachnoid spread of sebum. • Intraoperative imaging showed subarachnoid spread of sebum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 50-year-old African American woman who was diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis (TS) at birth and presented with five-day history of headache, nausea and vomiting. It states that the patient has undergone cranial computed tomography and serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations which indicate a larger contrast-enhancing lesion in the left frontal horn. It notes that the patient is diagnosed with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA).