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Background: Analgesics and antimicrobial agents are commonly prescribed drugs in dental patients. Therefore, monitoring their use and adverse reactions is very important. Aims and Objectives- To evaluate the prescription patterns and associated adverse drug reactions of analgesics and antimicrobial agents in dental patients. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study conducted in a tertiary care centre in northern India from July 2022 to September 2022. The study assessed a total of 100 prescriptions from dental practitioners. The majorities of patients visiting were in the age group of 21-30 years. The standard ADR reporting forms of CDSCO were used to record all adverse events experienced by the patients. Adverse drug reaction's causality assessment was done using Naranjo's Scale and the severity assessment by Modified Hartwig & Siegel scale. Results: The majorities of patients visiting the dental practitioners were males (53%) and the most common dental infections for which antimicrobials and analgesics prescribed were acute/chronic Caries (33%), acute/chronic Periodontitis (30%), Pericoronitis (19%), Periapical abscess (4%), Post RCT (5%), Trismus (2%), Sialadenitis (1%), Post operative TMJ ankylosis (1%), Oral Cancer (1%), Oroantral Fistula (1%), Ameloblastoma of jaw (1%), Cellulitis (2%). The antimicrobials most frequently used for management of the observed conditions were Amoxycillin + potassium clavulanate(67%), Cefixime (27%), cefixime + clavulanic acid (2%), Ceftriaxone (inj.) (1%), Amikacin sulphate (1%), Metronidazole (2%) and the most common Analgesics prescribed were Aceclofenac + paracetamol (71%), Paracetamol (5%), Diclofenac sodium(23%), Dynapar AQ (1%) Out of 100 patients, 19 reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and out of 19 patients with ADRs, 52 different types of adverse drug reactions were reported. Conclusion: Our findings suggested caries as the most frequently reported conditions for which Antimicrobials and Analgesics were prescribed. Amoxicillin+ Potassium Clavulanate followed by cefixime was the most commonly used antimicrobials. 19% patients reported ADRs of which nausea and diarrhea were most frequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, different metaheuristic techniques, their variants, and hybrid forms have been extensively used to solve economic load dispatch (ELD) problems with and without valve point loading (VPL) effects. Due to the randomization involved in these metaheuristic techniques, one has to perform extensive runs for each experiment to get an optimal solution. The process may sometimes become laborious and time-consuming to converge to an optimal solution. On the other hand, advanced calculus-based techniques, being deterministic, perform iteration systematically and come up with the same solution on each run of the experiment. Since ELD problems are constrained optimization problems, we are proposing the constrained (deterministic) optimization algorithm for their solutions. Various 13-unit, 38-unit, and 40-unit thermal test systems are considered. Valve point loading (VPL) effects are also considered in some cases. Computer-based numerical results depict that the constrained optimization algorithm shows evidence of being almost as competitive in a total fuel cost as the metaheuristic optimization techniques, especially for the less-constrained ELD problems but with far reduced computation time. This finding validates the application of the constrained optimization technique to solve the economic dispatch problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to analyze the connections between cultural innovation, product innovation and marketing innovation, with special focus on small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). Sample population consisted of workers from several SMEs in Multan region of Pakistani manufacturing hub of Multan. Total of 291 SME's workers and owners were used to compile this sample. To collect the information, we used a standardized questionnaire, the statistics package SPSS is useful for doing numerous statistical analyses on collected data (demographic analysis, correlation analysis & regression analysis). There is significant relationship between all the variables, and also regression analysis shows the model is fit and can predict research's results. The study's findings can be used by managers at SMEs to develop the fresh approaches to product promotion. The results provide significant information for reaching decisions. Further, study provides the manager with a guide and set of actions for selling product credibly, that is essential for overcoming the problem of falling demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of the power system has changed over the last decades. Recently, the power system has faced several challenges and issues. On the one side, demands for electrical energy are increasing day-by-day, with power losses, grid failure, and lack of smart technology; on the other side, security threats are also increasing. The current power grid cannot deal with these issues. The Internet of things (IoT) has grown quickly in a very short time because of its main features. By using IoT in the power grid, we can enhance the conventional grid's efficiency, capacity, reliability, sustainability, scalability, and stability. Using the IoT in smart grids resolves the numerous problems faced by current smart grids. According to the latest research on IoT-enabled smart grid (SG) systems, security issues have been identified as one of the key problems. This paper reviews the different security aspects and applications while integrating the IoT with smart grids and discusses various frameworks. Apart from this, we also focus on various IoT and non-IoT technologies used in the smart grid network, such as sensing, communication, and computing technologies, as well as their standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the factors affecting the advertising towards the consumer purchase decision of any product. The aim of this study is to read other reviewers and discover the factors that influence individual consumer decisions. Most product users read reviews to buy a product, so the quality and quantity of that product are important. In this study, two factors, such as independent variables (advertising), influence consumer purchasing decisions. The study models 1000 product users. Relief Examples of techniques are used because data is collected only by students. The results of this study show that advertising is closely related to consumer purchasing decisions. Therefore, advertising has a positive impact on consumer decisionmaking. In addition, many reviews have a positive effect on product intent. This research allows the manager to fully understand the factors that customers believe are important when making purchasing decisions. Therefore, this research helps managers to develop their marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]