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The demand for glucose monitoring devices has witnessed continuous growth from the rising diabetic population. The traditional approach of blood glucose (BG) sensor strip testing generates only intermittent glucose readings. Interstitial fluid‐based devices measure glucose dynamically, but their sensing approaches remain either minimally invasive or prone to skin irritation. Here, a sweat glucose monitoring system is presented, which completely operates under rest with no sweat stimulation and can generate real‐time BG dynamics. Osmotically driven hydrogels, capillary action with paper microfluidics, and self‐powered enzymatic biochemical sensor are used for simultaneous sweat extraction, transport, and glucose monitoring, respectively. The osmotic forces facilitate greater flux inflow and minimize sweat rate fluctuations compared to natural perspiration‐based sampling. The epidermal platform is tested on fingertip and forearm under varying physiological conditions. Personalized calibration models are developed and validated to obtain real‐time BG information from sweat. The estimated BG concentration showed a good correlation with measured BG concentration, with all values lying in the A+B region of consensus error grid (MARD = 10.56% (fingertip) and 13.17% (forearm)). Overall, the successful execution of such osmotically driven continuous BG monitoring system from passive sweat can be a useful addition to the next‐generation continuous sweat glucose monitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership, behavioral outcomes, and employee behavior. The mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between despotic leadership and employee behavioral outcomes was investigated by analyzing data from 380 employees in the banking sector using regression analysis and correlation studies. The findings indicate that despotic leadership is significantly positively correlated with both turnover intention and psychological distress. Conversely, employee deviant behavior was negatively correlated with both despotic leadership and psychological distress. The results of the current study disclosed that psychological distress serves as a mediator in the relationship between despotic leadership and employee behavioral outcomes. In conclusion, this investigation underscores the detrimental effects of despotic leadership on the overall performance of organizations and the well-being of employees. It emphasizes the importance of fostering leadership styles that are empowering and beneficial in the workplace. However, the investigation acknowledges the limitations of its numerical methodology and suggests additional research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government announced the clear goal of attaining carbon neutrality by 2060, in order to gradually achieve net-zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, whose impact on global warming needs to be reduced while also a sustainable industry needs to be promoted. Recognizing the critical role of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) in supporting green innovation and achieving the carbon neutrality agenda, this study aims to fill a research gap by emphasizing this overlooked nexus. The former examines the influence of GHRM, green innovation, and carbon neutrality on environmental performance by carefully analyzing the current literature on China's achievement of carbon neutrality and its implications for environmentally friendly performances. The current study assesses the planning frameworks of the country, explores the concept of achieving carbon neutrality, and evaluates the practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to investigate the nexus between leadership styles and employees' performance. Leadership is the ability to inspire followers to willingly contribute to the success of an endeavor. It takes strong leadership to create a productive culture and atmosphere in any group or company. Managers and leaders play an important part in achieving performance since they are accountable for setting direction and enforcing it on behalf of all employees to achieve company goals. A variety of leadership tenets are examined in this article to determine their impact on employee output. This research looks at the several types of leadership styles, such as authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire, and examines how each one influences workers' output, participation, and enthusiasm. A quantitative deductive method was used, and cross-sectional survey was adopted. The staff of Gomal University took part in the research. A preliminary study was conducted to test the validity of the questionnaire included in the main study. The sample size calculation only allowed 123 professors to participate in the study. Except for authoritarian leadership, all other styles have been shown to boost productivity in the workplace. The findings suggest that in order to increase productivity and performance, businesses should employ effective leadership principles. By understanding the connection between a leader's style and employee performance, businesses may create an environment that fosters motivation, engagement, and output. The study is conducted in only one university, there is a need to expand the study by including more universities with larger sample sizes to check the consistency and generalizability of results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy‐autonomous wearable systems and wearable microgrids have been a focus of developing the next‐generation wearable electronics due to their ability to harvest energy and to fully support the sustainable operation of wearable electronics. However, existing bioenergy harvesters require complex and low‐efficiency voltage regulation circuitry and have not achieved reliable extended operation and energy storage. In this work, the first example of integrating sweat lactate biofuel cells with a rechargeable Zn–AgCl battery into a bioenergy module for regulation‐free, high‐efficiency, extended biochemical energy harvesting and storage is demonstrated. The integrated bioenergy module is able to operate at its best efficiency due to their matching operating potentials and is characterized by robust mechanical durability enduring over 1000 cycles of repeated tensile deformation, as well as the outstanding long‐term autonomous operation that harvest 2.9 J of energy overnight from 20 min of exercise without measurable self‐discharge. A fully integrated wearable electronic skin patch, powered by two such bioenergy modules, is developed to wirelessly perform continuous sweat pH, ascorbic acid, and lactate sensing. The presented bioenergy module, adapting the wearable microgrid design considerations, delivers a practical, high‐efficiency, and reliable solution for next‐generation wearable electronics that features compatible form factors, commensurate performance, and complementary characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A non-enzymatic dopamine electrochemical sensing probe was developed. A hexagonal shape zinc-doped cobalt oxide (Zn-Co2O4) nanostructure was prepared by a facile hydrothermal approach. The combination of Zn, which has an abundance of electrons, and Co3O4 exhibited a synergistically electron-rich nanocomposite. The crystallinity of the nanostructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology, revealing hexagonal nanoparticles with an average particle size of 400 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) was used to confirm the nanostructure of the doped material. The nanostructure's bonding and functional groups were verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was conducted by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and amperometry. The resistivity of the electrode was confirmed through EIS and showed that the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited higher charge transfer resistance as compared to modified Zn-Co2O4/GCE. The sensing probe was developed by modifying the surface of GCE with Zn-Co2O4 nanostructure and tested as an electrochemical sensor for dopamine oxidation; it operated best at a working potential of 0.17 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The developed sensor exhibited a low limit of detection (0.002 µM), a high sensitivity (126 µA. µM−1 cm−2), and a wide linear range (0.2 to 185 µM). The sensor showed a short response time of < 1 s. The sensor's selectivity was investigated in the presence of coexisting species (uric acid, ascorbic acid, adrenaline, epinephrine, norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin, tyramine, phenethylamine, and glucose) with no effects on dopamine determination results. The developed sensor was also successfully used for determining dopamine concentrations in a real sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Fungal infection of nails is a very common complication of diabetes mellitus. This study is not only focused on the cosmetic aspect, it also emphasize that Onycho-mycosis may herald morbid diabetic foot and also associated with other morbidity and mortality. Material and Methods: The patients recruited for this study are all known case of diabetes mellitus and they are admitted in tertiary care center for short-term and long-term complications of diabetes. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Those patients who are on chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immuno-suppressant drugs and corticosteroids were not considered. Results:High incidenceof infection found in all long term complication of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion:Onycho-mycosisis feeble, but significant indicator of impending catastrophe of various complicationin diabetes mellitus especially of diabetic foot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A non-enzymatic dopamine electrochemical sensing probe was developed. A hexagonal shape zinc-doped cobalt oxide (Zn-Co 2 O 4 ) nanostructure was prepared by a facile hydrothermal approach. The combination of Zn, which has an abundance of electrons, and Co 3 O 4 exhibited a synergistically electron-rich nanocomposite. The crystallinity of the nanostructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology, revealing hexagonal nanoparticles with an average particle size of 400 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) was used to confirm the nanostructure of the doped material. The nanostructure's bonding and functional groups were verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was conducted by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and amperometry. The resistivity of the electrode was confirmed through EIS and showed that the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited higher charge transfer resistance as compared to modified Zn-Co 2 O 4 /GCE. The sensing probe was developed by modifying the surface of GCE with Zn-Co 2 O 4 nanostructure and tested as an electrochemical sensor for dopamine oxidation; it operated best at a working potential of 0.17 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The developed sensor exhibited a low limit of detection (0.002 µM), a high sensitivity (126 µA. µM -1  cm -2 ), and a wide linear range (0.2 to 185 µM). The sensor showed a short response time of < 1 s. The sensor's selectivity was investigated in the presence of coexisting species (uric acid, ascorbic acid, adrenaline, epinephrine, norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin, tyramine, phenethylamine, and glucose) with no effects on dopamine determination results. The developed sensor was also successfully used for determining dopamine concentrations in a real sample., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)