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In an era where sustainability and efficient resource utilization are paramount, the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) emerges as a critical approach, particularly in the context of perishable goods. The perishability of products adds a layer of complexity to supply chain management, necessitating innovative strategies for maximizing product life and minimizing waste. This comprehensive review article delves into the integration of perishable products within the framework of CLSC. The study thoroughly examines existing research to identify gaps and outline future research directions. It emphasizes the unique challenges and complexities of managing perishable goods, a crucial but often overlooked component in sustainable supply chain practices. The review highlights the balance between efficiency and sustainability, underscoring the importance of reverse logistics and circular economy principles in enhancing supply chain resilience. By synthesizing various methodologies and findings, the article presents a holistic view of the current state of perishable product management in CLSCs, offering valuable insights for academia and industry practitioners. The study not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of CLSCs, but also proposes practical approaches for their optimization, aligning with broader sustainability goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Spiritual health has a positive effect on the way of interaction, organizational belonging, and job commitment of people. Therefore, it is expected that in sensitive jobs, such as pharmacy and prescribing medicine for patients, errors will be reduced and patient safety will be improved. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and job performance among pharmacists and pharmacy staff in Qom Province in 2017-2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 140 staff of pharmacies in Qom. The performance measurement tool was Paterson's occupational performance questionnaire. Along with demographic information, the state of spiritual health was also evaluated using an authentic Iranian questionnaire. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age and work experience of the participants were 31.05±8.3 and 7.94±7.4 years, respectively. The total score of occupational performance and spiritual health was obtained as 70±10 and 211.9±23.6, respectively. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant relationship between spiritual health and job performance (P<0.01). Conclusion: Considering the existence of a relationship between the spiritual health of personnel and job performance, it can be concluded that by improving the level of the spiritual health of the personnel working in the pharmacy, the effectiveness factors of organizational behavior will improve. It is recommended that more research be done in the field of job performance improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to design and validate an information quality assessment framework based on the systematic review of the literature. A meta-synthesis method was applied to identify features and dimensions for designing the framework for assessing the quality of Wikipedia. Following this, the validity of the obtained framework was evaluated by the Kappa Test of Agreement. The statistical population consists of all scientific documents related to the quality of information and a sample of 39 documents selected based on CASP. MAXQDA 11 was used to analyze data. Nine dimensions were identified and classified across 3 levels. The features and components necessary to evaluate each dimension were identified and explained. The strong level approved the framework of expert agreement (0.654). The proposed framework can be used to assess the Wikipedia quality independently of specialists, improve the quality of articles through identified effective features, and ultimately, build tools and practical guidelines to assess the quality of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Employee's perception of spirituality in all aspects of organization management is called "spiritual climate". On the other hand, employees' active presence in the workplace, rather than their mere physical presence, is referred to as "Presenteeism". The current study aimed to localize these variables and study the relationship between them. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the employees of a car manufacturing company in Tehran, Iran, 2018. In addition to the demographic form, the spiritual climate was assessed using Spiritual Climate Survey (SCS). On the other hand, Stanford Presenteeism scale was implemented to measure work attendance. Among 216 participants, 154 subjects attended work despite musculoskeletal pain, and performed their duties; therefore, they entered the analytical phase. The validity and reliability of the instruments and relationship analysis were performed by Partial Least Squares path modeling method. Results: The results of validity and reliability tests confirmed the suitability of the instruments. Work presenteeism was reported as 71.2%. The mean spiritual climate score was measured at 58.07±11.38. The mean work presenteeism score was obtained as 17.50±4.66. Pathway of spiritual climate to presenteeism at work is statistically significant. On the other hand, the ratio of the spiritual climate variable to the presenteeism was reported to be significant. Moreover, the ratio of spiritual climate to presenteeism indicated that 17.5% of presenteeism alterations were ascribed to the spiritual climate. Conclusion: The Persian versions of the SCS and Stanford Presenteeism questionnaire can be applied as new and valid measurement instruments. In addition, it was found that the spiritual climate in organizations is one of the variables that can positively affect employees' health, as well as work presenteeism, and increase organizational productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Spiritual health has a positive effect on the organizational behavior of healthcare personnel with patients as well as organizational productivity. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and job performance of operating room personnel working in the academic hospitals of Qom, Iran, during 2017-2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 95 operating room personnel of the teaching centers of Qom. Spiritual health was evaluated through a standard and native questionnaire. Furthermore, the questionnaire of Paterson's occupational performance was used as another study tool. Results: The participants' mean scores of age and work experience were 33.05±7 and 9±8 years, respectively. The mean score of job performance was reported as 63±11. On the other hand, the mean score of spiritual health was estimated at 205±22. The results of the data analysis showed that there were no significant differences in spiritual health and job performance scores based on demographic variables (P>0.05). The differences between Pearson's correlation coefficients of job performance, as well as spiritual health, and the two related subsets (i.e., cognitive/emotional and behavioral components) were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Considering the relationship between personnel's spiritual health and job performance, it is possible to improve the factors related to the effectiveness of organizational behavior by conducting management interventions and enhancing an individual's spiritual health. It is recommended to pay more attention to spirituality in organizations and conduct similar studies in other provinces of Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the importance of industrial accidents in workplaces, the current study aimed at epidemiologically investigating occupational accidents in some industrial sites in Semnan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The current descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all accidents taking place from 2014 to 2016 in some industrial sites in Semnan. The data were extracted from the Department of Labor and Social Affairs of Semnan. SPSS software version 21 was employed to analyze data using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. Results: The mean and standard deviation of workers age in non-fatal and fatal accidents were 30.28±13 and 32±11.21 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in variables such as gender, workers experience, marital status, type of industry (construction, mining, rubber, and agriculture), and educational level between fatal and non-fatal accidents (P>0.05). A significant relationship was observed between insurance coverage status and fatal accidents (P=0.002). The rate of fatal accidents was 8.4 times more in 2015 than 2014 (P=0.006; odds ratio=4.8). Conclusion: The rate of accidents in industrial sites can be significantly reduced by taking advantage of accident prevention programs and training courses. Occupational safety and health program can promote the performance of workers. In this regard, the development and conduction of industrial emergency plans can reduce fatal accident rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a global problem which evolves at different workplaces such as industries, administrative, and agriculture sectors. In various studies, such disorders were assessed through multiple methods. It is necessary to evaluate different tools to use them in diverse communities. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the new ergonomic evaluating method of Novel Ergonomic Postural Assessment (NERPA) method in Iran. Methods: The employees (n=455) of operational units of four companies (drug producers, printing and publishing houses, dairy, and drinks producers) were assessed in 2014. It was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. One of the researchers developed a questionnaire that was applied to collect demographic data. The NERPA, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) methods were utilized to analyze posture risk factors. Spearman correlation and Kappa agreement were used to analyze the collected data through SPSS V22. Results: Findings indicated that printing company had the best and pharmaceutical industries had the worst state regarding RULA’s results. The risk levels between NERPA and REBA were not statistically significant (P>0.05), however, that was significant with RULA’s outcome. Also, the results of NERPA and other two methods were correlated significantly (P<0.05). Pain in the lumbar area was implied to be the most prevalent problem (35.1%). Discussion: Data of the present study suggest that NERPA method was a valid tool compared to RULA. The NERPA method could be used to evaluate standing tasks among industrial workers. However, the concurrent validity of NERPA method compared with results of REBA, as a widely used method, were not verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Nowadays, ports are considered a portal for business as well as the main infrastructure for economic development worldwide. Genetic predisposition, work activity and procedures, and psychosocial preparedness are the main factors responsible for the occurrence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs). The present study aimed to assess psychosocial variables affecting WMSDs in an Iranian port in 2015. Methods: All workers of a port (n=60) located in the south of Iran were included in the present study. Job burnout and safety climate were assessed by MBI and SCQ, respectively. In addition, musculoskeletal disorders were reported by body map questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by ANOVA, logistic regression analysis, Pearson correlation, and t-test using SPSS V20. Results: Based on the obtained data, 40 workers (66.7%) experienced musculoskeletal pain in at least one part of their bodies in the previous year. Also, job burnout score was 76.17±8.9 and safety climate was 188.7±23.07. Logistic regression revealed that job burnout, emotional fatigue (P<0.05), safety attitude, and emergency management are the most important predictors of WRMSDs. Discussion: Psychological factors of workplaces include job burnout, employees' attitude and safety climate that negatively affect ergonomic disorders. Since psychological and psychosocial issues are neglected in developing countries such as Iran, the researchers anticipate that the obtained results can be used as a guideline for policymakers as well as in the supportive and preventive arena for managing safety and health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) is crucial as they jeopardize the well-being of the workforce in workplaces and are prevalent in developed and developing countries. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WRMSDs among Iranian workers. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of WRMSDs in Iran was performed by searching relevant keywords in authentic databases and search engines such as SID, Google Scholar, Medlib and PubMed. Twenty-seven published articles in the field of WRMSDs from 2001 to 2010 were searched. Meta-analysis and random effects approach were used to analyze data. Heterogeneity investigation of articles was done using I2 index. RESULTS: The total sample size was 6,090 workers with a mean of 225 samples per study. The upper and lower back had the highest prevalence rate of self-reported WRMSDs with 38.1% (95% CI: 29.9–46.4), and 50% (95% CI: 42.5–57.5), respectively. Also, knee had the highest prevalence among lower extremity disorders with 42.1% prevalence rate (95% CI:35.1–49.1). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of WRMSDs in upper and lower limbs was reported in Iran. Trainings with regard to occupational ergonomics and industrial hygiene programs were recommended for minimizing the work-related risks of musculoskeletal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Nurses represent the largest and most important staff in the healthcare system, and healthcare organizations' effectiveness is unlikely without the appropriate performance of nurses. This study was conducted to investigate relationship between Spiritual Intelligence (SI) and job performance among nurses in the main teaching hospital in of province in 2016. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, nurses were selected by randomized convenience sampling. Data collection was conducted by three questionnaires: Spiritual intelligence questionnaire, Peterson job performance questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted by ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Poisson regression in SPSS 20. Results: A total of 197 nurses were studied of whom 68.5% were female. The mean age of the participants was 32.56 ± 6.67 years. Mean score for SI and job performance was 86.75 ± 17.06 and 35.71 ± 7, respectively. Poisson regression showed significant relationship between gender and job performance (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in SI between the men and women (P>0.05). Conclusion: Due to the impact of nurses' SI on their job performance, SI training courses should be incorporated into in-service training for nurses and other healthcare workers. SI leads to changes in attitudes, behaviors, and patient support among nurses. Promotion of SI can help to improve nurses' mental health status to respond to patients' needs and therefore patient safety and organizational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the health work decision makers need to analyze a huge amount of data and consider many conflicting evaluation criteria and sub-criteria. Therefore, an ergonomic evaluation in the work environment in order to the control occupational disorders is considered as the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. In this study, the ergonomic risks factors, which may influence health, were evaluated in a manufacturing company in 2014. Then entropy method was applied to prioritize the different risk factors. METHODS: This study was done with a descriptive-analytical approach and 13 tasks were included from total number of employees who were working in the seven halls of an ark opal manufacturing (240). Required information was gathered by the demographic questionnaire and Assessment of Repetitive Tasks (ART) method for repetitive task assessment. In addition, entropy was used to prioritize the risk factors based on the ergonomic control needs. RESULTS: The total exposure score based on the ART method calculated was equal to 30.07 ±12.43. Data analysis illustrated that 179 cases (74.6% of tasks) were in the high level of risk area and 13.8% were in the medium level of risk. ART- entropy results revealed that based on the weighted factors, higher value belongs to grip factor and the lowest value was related to neck and hand posture and duration. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the limited financial resources, it seems that MCDM in many challenging situations such as control procedures and priority approaches could be used successfully. Other MCDM methods for evaluating and prioritizing the ergonomic problems are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Major injuries and death in accidents have roots in drowsiness. Sleepiness is a main result of insufficient sleep. It is vital to explore drowsiness and its level. There are various sorts of methods in the forms of subjective and objective approaches. The goal of this study was to detect the association of subjective and interpretive drowsiness with facial dynamic changes. METHODS: This experimental study was conducted in the Virtual Reality Lab, in Khaje-Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Tehran Iran on 40 drivers in 2015. Facial dynamic changes (eyes, mouth and eyebrows), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and Observer Rating of Drowsiness (ORD) were applied. The neural network and Viola-Jones were utilized for facial characteristics detection. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21. RESULTS: Thirty-four drivers got drowsy during the test. They were selected randomly among suburban drivers at the age in a range of 26 to 60 yr old. Descriptive statistics of the dynamic changes in eyebrows, mouth and eyes showed that these features were of meaningful changes with respect to the level of drowsiness during driving. A relationship between the dynamic changes of facial features and ORD was recognized. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between facial expression and drowsiness (P CONCLUSIONS: Results of KSS and ORD illustrated that there were dynamic changes in eyes and mouth and eyebrow parameters while driver felt sleepy. This research is helpful in a way that specific changes in elements of face could be effective to provide tools to predict drowsiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little has been contributed to how emotional intelligence (EI) may be practically applied to enhance both accident prevention program and general health (GH) in workplaces. We aimed to survey the relationship among these variables in a manufacturing company in Iran, in 2014. Moreover, to identify practical approaches to the application of emotional intelligence skills to manage work change processes. This crosssectional study was conducted among all workers in functional units of a manufacturing company [redacted] (n=178), located in a central province in Iran. Emotional intelligence was assessed using Bradberry and Greaves' questionnaire and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was the other tool used in the study. Descriptive statistics was used to describe data by SPSS V22. The relationship between the studied factors was analyzed by the application of Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) using EQS software. Majority of workers (99.32%) were male. Mean (SD) age was 39.13 (8.23) yr, also 64.19% of participants were married. Mean and standard deviation of EI scores calculated were 90.64 and 19.33, respectively. Mean of GH score was 22.24 (±9.83). Analyzing the relationship between main variables (EI & GH) with occupational accidents (with adjust about interfering variables) depicted that both of them were in significant relationship with accidents (P<0.05). Regarding the relationship between emotional intelligence and general health with occurrence of accidents in workplaces and GH improvement with increase in EI, three strategies is recommended: appropriate job selection, suitable training and intervention for the improvement of workplace conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burnout syndrome is a response to prolonged occupational stress. Workload is one of the organizational risk factors of burnout. With regards to the topic, there are no data on administrative employees' burnout and workload in Iran. This study seeks to determine the levels of job burnout and their relationships with workload among administrative members of staff. Two hundred and forty two administrative staff from Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences [Iran] volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional and descriptiveanalytical research. Various data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory [MBI], NASA-Task Load Index and Demographic questionnaire. ANOVA and Pearson tests were performed using the SPSS version 16. An alpha level of 0.05 was accepted for all tests in this study. Burnout had 49.36 and 16.2 as mean and standard deviation, respectively. Total workload got an average of [76.07±16.32]. Result depicts that the job burnout has significant correlation with age, work experience, gender, and educational levels [P<0.05]. In addition, workload had important correlation with gender and educational levels [P<0.05]. Data shows a significant relation between workload and burnout syndrome [P<0.05]. Levels of the job burnout were acceptable but workload was high among administrative employees. This study indicated a significant correlation between workload and burnout syndrome. Therefore, having the lower level of workload is necessary in order to prevent or reduce of the job burnout and improve the employees' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper distinguishes between "methodology" and "method" and discusses methodological levels of abductive logic as related to the knowledge classification systems. The purpose is to clarify the application of abductive logic for analyzing knowledge classification systems as an alternative for mainstream logics in the field, i.e. inductive and deductive logic. Conceptual analysis. Abductive logic approaches reality as a social construction. It is obviously an interpretative and constructivist approach. Therefore, its aim is to understand the social phenomena that socially constructed by social agents. Therefore, any given knowledge classification system is a socially constructed phenomenon reflecting subjective biases and prejudices of its creators. Knowledge classification systems aren't innocent objective systems. They are systems that are determined and restricted by cultural and social forces operating as their conditions of production. Every classification system has some kind of ontological and epistemological commitment. Therefore, we should recognize "alternative" classification systems based on "alternative" ontological and epistemological commitments, as legitimate as current mainstream classification systems. Introduces methodological levels of abductive logic and provides LIS professionals with a new and alternative way for analyzing knowledge classification systems as interpretative and semantic social constructions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health and academic performance of students in the quality of dental education is very important to the learners in this field. Study aim: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and distress tolerance with mental health and academic performance of dental students attending Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: Seventy three dental students from Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, participated in the present study. The sampling method was the census method. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTS) and Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (NEO) were used to assess the desired indicators and the total grade point average of students as a measure of their academic performance. Data was analyzed using Poisson regression estimators and descriptive statistics. Results: Study participants had a mean age of 22.42 years and 84.9% of them were single. In this study, the mean score was 23.84 (±11.90) for GHQ and 45.01 (±8.93) for DTS. There was no significant relationship between different variables and their dimensions and students' academic performance. Conclusion: Improving the mental health of dental students is very important and should be on the agenda of educational policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]